a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

-432-
7: 1
52. See 7: 4 below on the vicus; the temple of Jupiter Hammon and another
unnamed temple of peribolus type lie to the north of the fort, Rebuffat
1970b, 135-36; 1972a, 327-29. The temple of Mars Canapphar, east
of the fort, is only partially published, Rebuffat 1975b, 215-18.
53. Some of the epigraphic discoveries are already published, Rebuff at 1967,
97-103; 1970a, 34-35; 1970b, 138-43; 1973a, 99-120; 1973b, 121-34;
1973c, 135-45; 1975b, 218-220; 1982b, 911-19; Rebuffat and Marichal
1973,181-86; Marichal 1979,436-52. See below App. 3, Nos. 50-77,
112-13.
54. Rebuffat 1967,71-84 and plan p. 74, on the late alterations to the
area of the east gate. Similar traces of post-military occupation
have been found in other areas of the fort.
55. Rebuffat 1970a, 23-30, for fifth century walls built at a higher level
alongside the largely abandoned "bätiment aux niches".
56. Duveyrier 1864,251.
57. Duveyrier 1864,249-54.
58. Rebuffat 1972a, 322-23, full publication forthcoming in Libya Antiqua.
59. See above Chapter 6: 2.
60. Fentress 1979, does not include the site in her gazeteer, but CIL 8.
17725 may well be from there rather than from Khenchela.
61. The early construction date for the baths is better interpreted as
military activity. CIL 8.22784 records a certain Ianuarius sesqui[pli-
carius] on a fragment of an inscription from el-Havana.
62. Euzennat 1977c, 134; Gascou 1982,189.
63. On the oases of the Nefzaoua, Trousset 1974,41-50.
64. A limes Thamallensis garrisoned by limitanei is recorded in the Not.
Dig., Occ., XXV, 21.
65. Modern development has transformed Mizda within the past few years and
the old villages are now abandoned.
66. IRT p. 215 and no's. 883-884; Goodchild 1948,5-6,14-23.
67. See above 6: 3.
68. Part of the defended Berber village was surveyed by the ULVP in 1981.
69. De Mathuisieulx 1904,15-16; Hammond 1967,13.
70. According to Hammond 1967,13. Euzennat and Trousset 1975, favour
this
identification.
71. See above 6: 3.
72. For the excavations and published plans see Lecoy de la Marche 1894,
395,399-402; Toutain 1903a, 351-54; Boizot 1913,260-66; Trousset
1974,99-100.
73. Trousset 1974,98-102 and pers. obs. There is about 2m of
stratigraphy inside the fort.
74. See, for instance, Trousset 1974,132, fig. 14. The detailed plans
of the gates (Trousset 1974,99 and Lecoy de la Marche 1894,401)
show that
the gates had proper D-shaped towers and not simply external
bastions.
75. Trousset 1974,100.
76. See above note 72.
77. App. 3, nos. 12-14.
78. Pottery identified on site in 1982 included Hayes 1972, ARS forms
23B, 27/31,31,181(late second - third century) and 68 and 70 (late
fourth - fifth century). There was also some TRS, for instance,
form 9.
79. Fentress 1979,105-07, gives plans of the much larger Numidian forts.
Evidently, a larger regular garrison was maintained there in the late
Roman Empire.
80. One should note, however, that the type has a much earlier origin in
the eastern Mediterranean where a quadriburgus in Osrhoene is now
dated to A. D. 197, Wagner 1983,103-29.