a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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125. Jones 1964, II, 607-86 (esp. 646-49); 1971,293-94,298; Cod. Theod, VII, 1.15.
126. Ward-Perkins and Goodchild 1949,. 30 and note 41.
127. SHA, Se wris Alex, 3-5. See contra Goodchild, Di Vita 1964a, 71-73,
80-86.
128. See for example, Toussaint 1905-1907 on the work of the Brigades
Topographiques. In his 1906 report (230-36) it is clear that any square
or defended building was classed as a military post. The same tendency
resurfaces even in the recent thesis by Trousset (1974), for example,
p. 110, Bir Fatnassia "un etablissement assez important
... sans doute
une poste militaire. " The proximity of the unquestionably civilian
mausolea of el-Amrouni suggests that some caution is necessary.
On the Libyan gsur, see Goodchild 1949a, 32-34; 1949b, 39-41;
1950a, 41-43; Ward-Perkins and Goodchild 1949,29-32; Ward-
Perkins 1950,25-30. But see now Buck, Burns and Mattingly 1983,
42-54.
129. See note 124 above and compare the work of the ULVP, Jones and
Barker 1980; Barker and Jones 1981; Jones et al 1983.
130. The earliest gsur are still to be seen as late second or early third
century in date (pers. obs. ULVP but N. B. the provisional and inaccurate
statement in Jones and Barker 1980,30, implying that many gsur shared
the early dating of the open farms.
131. Goodchild 1949,32-34; 1950a, 41-43; 1954d, 59-71 (App. 3, nos. 114-126).
6: 4 Conclusions : the work of the garrison
1. But compare the views of Mann 1974a, 526: "In Tripolitania the most
remarkable change took place towards the end of the second century
A. D. Down to that time there is no trace of any units or detachments
in Tripolitania, much less of any frontier line. The Garamantes of
Fezzan living far to the south seem on the whole to have maintained
friendly relations ...
if any real emergency arose the legion of
Numidia could be called on. It is interesting to see a situation
typical of the republican period surviving so long, especially as
the pre-desert area ... saw considerable development of settlement
during the
...
early principate. "
2. Rebuffat 1982a, 490-92 and above pp. 160-75.
3. Cagnat 1914a, 142-46; cIL 8.4508; Damon 1964,7-23; Fentress
1979,208-209, on the Zarai and Lambaesis customs tariffs. Also
see Rebuffat 1979,232-35 and above pp. 190.
4. Trousset 1980,936-40.
5. See above pp. 175-84.
6. Manning 1975,112-16, argues forcibly against the existence of a
centralised supply system. His views receive some corroboration from
the Vindolanda tablets, A. Bowman pers. comm. and Bowman and Thomas 1983.
7. The ostraca provide a remarkable insight into the requisitioning or
purchasing of supplies. Letters of carriage were provided to the
local camel drivers by soldiers organising the supply and these were
presented at the fort. The amounts involved from each source were
small. Those of grain varied from 24 to 108 modii
(210-945 litres).
Even more remarkable is the variety of Libyco-Punic terminology in
use in the weights and measures system. Four separate words described
the same local measure equivalent to 12 modii (105 litres). Supplies
were presumably coming from the Sofeggin, Zem-Zem or Kebir area,
Marichal 1979,448 (and below, App. 3, no. 76).
8. Rebuffat 1967,207-11; 1970a, 21-30,1970b, 133-36; 1977,408,
describes its extent as 15 ha (37.5 acres).