a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

-420-
6: 1/6: 2
85. On Romanus see Warmington 1956,55-64. Prior to the creation of the
office of Canes Africae in A. D. 349, the military command structure
uncertain, but only the earliest Tetrarchic praesides seem to have
is
normally exercised military as well as civil control.
86. Amm. Marcellinus, XXVIII, 6,4-6.
87. XXVIII, 6,7-19. For the career and powers of Ruricius see Chastagnol
1967,129; Amm. Marcellinus XXVIII, 6,11; 6,22; Cod. lust. XI, 48,5
(ad Oricun praesidem Tripolitanae dated 13 October 365).
88. On the events in Cyrenaica, see Synesius, Letters, 13,57,62,67
, 69,
78,94,95,104,107,108,113,122,125,130,132,133,134; Catastasis
I col. 1568-69,1572. The evidence is summarised in Tomlin 1979,259-66
and Mattingly 1983,97-99.
89. IRT 570 = Reynolds 1955,130, lines 6-9 (App. 3, no. 84). Cf. CIL 8.10937
for the date of Victorianus' governorship.
90. Cod. Theod. XII, 1,133.
91. Nestorius in A. D. 406 (Cod. Theod. XI, 36,33); Flavius Ortygius between
A. D. 408-423 (IRT 480); Flavius Macedonius Patricius at an unknown date
(IRT 529).
92. IRT 480 - Reynolds 1977,13 (App. 3, no. 85).
93. Notitia Dignitatun, Occ., XXV, 22; XXXI, 29. The creation of this
garrison post probably followed the raids of A. D. 363-67.
94. Synesius (Letters, 69,107,122,125,130) frequently castigated the
regular troops for their failure to combat the enemy. But from other
letters it is clear that the units were well below their nominal strength,
and that many were being downgraded by loss of pay or remounts. Letter
78, for instance,
mentions the Unnigardae unit, containing only 40 men
and threatened with demotion to militia status. Synesius felt though
that if they were increased in numbers to 200 men, they would be able
to win the war! See also Catastasis I, 1568.
95. See below 6: 2.
96. Ibn Abd-el-Hakam (Gateau 1947,35-37); Oates 1953,113; 1954, passim.
Mattingly 1983,100-106, where I argue for social change at seigneurial
level with the displacement of some of the Romano-Libyan
landowners notably in the old territoria of the cities. Areas of a
stronger Libyan culture, such as the Sofeggin and Zem Zem systems
were amalgamated into the confederation with less social upheaval.
In both cases there was continuity of the peasant substratum.
97. Procopius, Wars, III, 8,15-29; de aed., VI, 4,6-10.
98. Reynolds 1971a, 53-58, on the gradual demise of the Cyrenaican cities
from the late third century onwards; Jones 1971,290-92, Pringle 1981,
9-50, on the military problems in late Roman and Byzantine times;
Mattingly 1983,96-108 for a more extreme view of the loss of direct
territorial control of the interior lands by Byzantine times.
99. Corippus, loh., VI, 261-378.
6: 2 Diplomacy, tribal control and tribal development in Tripolitania
1. See above, p. 90.
2. Pliny, NH, V, 35-37.
3. Tacitus, Ann., IV, 23.
4. See further below 8: 4, also Squarciapino 1980,113-18.
5. ' Daniels pers. comm. and Table 4: B, p. 126 above.
6. For Caputo, see Pace, Sergi and Caputo 1951 col. 201f; see also Ayoub
1967a, 1-11,27-48; 1967b, 213-19; 1968a, 58-81; Daniels 1971a, 266-67,
1977,5-7.
7. Caputo's "villas" were reinterpreted by Daniels 1970b, 55-57,66.
On the buildings beneath Germa, see Ayoub 1967a, 12-26; Daniels 1971a,
262-65; 1973,36; Shaiboub 1979,190-200.
8. Barth 1857,144-47; Duveyrier 1864,275; Daniels 1971a, 267-68;
1975,24-25.