a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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15. Ann, III, 21.
16. Ann, III, 20; III, 73-74.
17. Ann, III, 74.
18. Ann, IV, 24-25.
19. See for instance, JRS 55,1965,76 (Newton on Trent); JRS 67,1977,
146 (Leighton); 148 (Rhyn); Britannia XI, 1980,330-31 (Osmanthorpe).
20. Salway 1981,95-96.
21. Lawless 1970,93-94; CIL 8.9377,9384,21040,21041; AE 1921,31. For
an up to date study of the garrison of Mauretania Caesariensis see
Benseddick 1981.
22. Roxan 1973,838-43.
23. Leglay 1968,203-08; Benabou 1976,101-12.
24. ILA1g p. 286; CIL 8.1846-1847. The foundation of Chester and Caerleon
at this time in Britain may have been for similar reasons, RIB 463.
25. LQ$chi 1953,189-205; Janon 1973,193-254; 1977,473-85, AE 1954,137.
26. Mascula (Kenchela), CIL 8.17725; Aquae Flavianae, CIL 8.17727;
Vazaivi, CIL 8.17633,17637.
27. The inscriptions of Javolenus Priscus, legionary legate c. A. D. 83-84,
from the vicinity of Thiges (CIL 8.23165) and on the road from Aquae
Tacapitanae to the Nefzaoua (ILAf 656) show that this was an area of
strategic concern. The detailed evidence is lacking, but both areas
may well have received garrisons at this time. Trousset 1976,21-33;
1980b, 135-47.
28. Lawless 1970,91-94; Rebuffat 1979,235-47.
29. Goodchild 1953,196; SEG IX, 773-95. The watchpost at Msus may
also be early in date, Goodchild 1953,197-98; Reynolds 1971b, 39-42.
30. Gueneau 1907,314-19; 322-26; Masqueray 1878/1897,73-75; Stillwell
1976,9; Fentress 1979,97.
31. For earlier attempts to give the frontier an arbitrary and wholly
linear appearance, see Carcapino 1925,30-57,118-49,1933,20-55; Bara-
dez 1949a, 123-63; Courtois 1955,66 (maps). Rebuffat 1982a, 508-09,
gives a useful corrective view.
32. Lawless 1970,93-94; Salama 1977,582-84; AE 1913,157 (Praesidium
Sufative, A. D. 119); CIL 8.20833 (Rapidum, A. D. 122).
33. Lawless 1970,95-99; Jones 1978,119-25; Salama 1953,231-61;
1955,329-67; 1967,109-39.
34. Euzennat 1967,194-99; Rebuffat 1975e, 377-408; 1979 335-47.
35. For example, the burgi speculators in the El Kantara gap
below Batna,
Baradez 1949,183-84,216-42; CIL 8.2494-2495 and the Commodan
inscription from the pass between Auzia and Rapidum in Caesariensis
recording the rebuilding of fortlets and watchtowers, CIL 8.20816,
22629.
36. On Severus as propagator imperil or "extender
1974a, 23-24; 1974b, 297-99.
of empire",
see Birley
37. Salama 1953,231-61- 1955,329-69; 1967,183-217; 1973,339-49; 1977,
577-95; Lawless 1970,95-99; Jones 1978,119-25.
38. Picard 1944,31-65 and pers. obs.
39. CIL 8.17952-17953 (Menaa); Leschi 1949,220-26 (Gemellae). The fort
at Zarai was abandoned, however, CIL 8.4508.
40. In spite of the concentration of units along Hadrian's Wall in Britain,
the vast majority of the Roman garrison was based some way
back from
the frontier line itself on the main roads in the province and in Wales
and the Pennines. This was partly a question of local control, but
there were also logistical problems if the units were deployed too
closely together in peace time; Mann 1974a, 520-21; Manning 1975.
41. Luttwak 1976,80-111.
42. Breeze and Dobson 1978; Robertson 1973; Baatz 1975; Schonberger
1969; 1980. But see above, note 40.