a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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5: 3
50. See note 49, above. Two additional facts are worth pointing out.
The barbarian tribes had been raiding the provinces and enslaving
people apparently with some ease. Secondly, the tribes allied to Rome
were not forced to accept outsiders as their praefecti. Rome simply
demanded the right to nominate new chieftains within the tribe.
51. See above p. 66 and 3: 2, notes 57-58.
52. Cod. Theod. VII, 15,1.
53. Matthews 1976,170-77 on the family of Nubel, Gildo, Firmus and
Zammac. See also Pringle 1981,13-15.
54. Matthews 1976,170-72.
55. St. Augustine, Letters, 46-47.
56. Synesius. Letters 69,107,122,125,130, on the laxity of the
official garrison in the face of the Laguatan raids.
57. Pringle 1981,16,55-109 on Byzantine policy. See also Procopius III,
25,7; IV, 21,17-18; Corippus II, 28-40; III, 384-85; 391-436.
5: 4 The military garrison : patterns of deployment
1. The two sites are Thamusida in Mauretania Tingitana (Callu et al 1965/
1970; Rebuffat 1972b) and Bu Njem (Gholaia) in Tripolitania (Rebuff at
1967a; 1969; 1970a, b; 1971b; 1972a; 1973a, b, c; 1975a, b, c,
1982b). For other fort excavations see Baradez 1949b; 1966a; 1966b;
Trousset 1977a (Gemellae); Euzennat and Trousset 1975 (Ramada);
Picard 1944 (Castellum Dimmidi); Cagnat 1913,434-519; Janon 1973;
1977; Le Bohec 1977 (Lambaesis
- fort, fortress and parade ground);
Seston 1938; Christofle 1935; 1938 (Rapidum). Strezelecka 1971,9-33,
purports to be a survey of Roman forts in Africa, but her account
is erroneous in many places.
2. Cagnat 1913,253-59.
3. Roxan 1973,843-50.
4. Ponsich 1964,256,274-75,280-81; Luquet 1964,291-300; Euzennat.
1967,194-99; Rebuffat 1975e, 377-408.
5. Roxan 1973,843.
6. There is a diploma of A. D. 107 from lol Caesarea (Cherchel), CIL 8.20978 -
16.56; Salama 1977; Benseddick 1981. The epigraphic evidence for the
garrison of Numidia has recently been reviewed by Le Bohec (1978,109-
22), who is perhaps over-cautious in his estimate of its size. See
also Leglay 1977,545-53, on Hadrian's discourse.
7. CIL 8.10018,10023, ILAf 654; Toutain 1903c, 153-230.
8. Luttwak 1976,41-50.
9. Frere and St. Joseph 1974,1-129; Jones 1975,45-54; Salway 1981,
95-96; Holder 1982,43; Wells 1972.
10. The colony was unusual in being surveyed outwards from its main road
junction, which suggests that it initially utilised the layout of the
fortress to determine the shape of the town, Dilke 1971,87-88,122
(quoting Hyginus Gromaticus on Amrnaedara).
11. I visited the site in 1979 with Prof. G. D. B. Jones. We were both
struck by the severe size restrictions imposed by topography on any site
using the raised ground in the centre of the site. I have considered
the problem in some detail in my University of Manchester B. A. thesis
(unpub. ); Duval in his latest account on Ammaedara (1982, Fig. 3) shows
an even smaller size legionary fort on his speculative plan, though he
agrees with the general position.
12. CIL 8.23264; BCTH 1896,219; 1899, ccvi; Pachtare 1916,273-84;
ILAIg I, p. 286.
13. Tacitus, Ann. II, 74.
14. Ann, III, 20.