a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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15. Desanges 1957,5-43.
16. Florus II, 31.
17. Desanges 1964b, 33-47,1969,197-213; Fentress 1979,65-66.
18. Dio LV, 28,1-4.
19. Desanges 1969,197-213. The Proconsul identified by Desanges is L.
Cornelius Lentulus, on the basis of amending the text of Eustathius,
GGM II, 253.
20. Florus II, 31: Velleius Paterculus II, 15; CIL 8,16456, IRT 301.
21. Orosius, adv. pag., VI, 21,18: Tunc etiam in Africa Musolanos et
Gaetulos latius vagantes Cossus dux Caesaribus artatis finibus
cohercuit atque a Romanis limitibus abstinere metu conpulit.
22. Alternatively, as is suggested here, the road is indicative of what
Roman policy in the area was, rather than being in itself a direct
cause.
23. Baradez 1949,151; Haywood 1938,34; Rachet 1970,88-90; for a summary
of scholarly opinions on the subject, see now Lassere 1982b,. 11-13.
24. C1L8.10018,10023; Toutain 1903c; AE 1905,177, ILAf 654.
25. Fentress 1979,63 (map 5); Benabou 1976,429-32,438; Pachtere 1916,
273-84.
26. Lassere 1982b, 11-25 (esp. p. 22).
27. Lassere 1982b, 12 and 20, n. l.
28. Di Vita-Evrard 1979,91, mentions an unpublished inscription of c. A. D.
14 found near Sabratha.
29. The idea that the Fosse Way represents an early frontier is deeply
entrenched in the historiography of Roman Britain, see Webster 1970;
Frere 1978,89-92. But the evidence is contradictory and. the distri-
bution of early military sites can be shown to relate to four main
routes of penetration beyond the Fosse Way, Frere and St. Joseph
1974,7; Holder 1982,43; Frere 1978,88. In reality the Fosse Way
was never a garrisoned frontier, but served as a strategic link road
between the battle groups operating in different sectors. See now the
statement of a similar view by Salway 1981,95-96..
30. Tacitus, Ann, II, 52,2: (Tacfarinas) natione Numida, in castris romans
auxiliaria stipendia meritus, mox desertor
....
31. Ann, II, 52",, seems' to imply that Tacfarinas was a trouble maker who-
stirred up unrest, but this. nay have . been. official propaganda covering
up Roman culpability. Maltreatment of recently subjugated tribes was
not unknown, Tacitus, Ann, XIV, 31-33.
32. As note 31, Lassere 1982b, 22-25.
33. Ann, III, 73: huc adrogantiae venerat ut legatos ad Tiberium
mitteret sedemque ultro sibi atque exercitui suo postularet auf bellum
inexplicabile minitaretur.
34. Ann., II, 52; III, 73-74; IV, 25.
35. Tacfarinas was both a Musulamian and in a wider sense a Numidian,
but his revolt involved Maures, Garamantes and Gaetuli tribes, united
under his charismatic leadership. In the final battle, the Roman
soldiers sought out and killed Tacfarinas as the only way of ending
the war (IV, 25).
36. See above Chapter 3 and 4: 3.
37. Dio LIX, 25,1; LX, 8,6.
38. Fishwick 1971,467-87.
39. Dio LX, 9,1-6. Paulinus reached the Atlas (see also Pliny, NH, V, 14-15)
whilst
. Geta campaigned into the desert margins well to the south, De la
Chapelle 1934.107-24.
40. Galba was appointed by Claudius as a special Proconsul with military
powers, Thomassen 1960, II, 32; Suetonius, Galba, 7; Dio LX, 23,1;
Tacitus, Hist., 4,48.
41 Benabou 1976,101-20,427-69; Fentress 1979,69-78; Romanelli 1962,
1347-1366.