-388- 3: 3 52. See below, the section headed Laguatan. Corippus, I, 480-82; V, 178-80; VII9 530-33; Mattingly 1983, forthcoming. 53. For the primary sources, see Pace, Sergi and Caputo 1951,151-200; Desanges 1962,93-96; Daniels 1969; 1970a. For recent archaeological work, see Pace, Sergi and Caputo 1951,201-442; Ayoub 1962; 1967a and b, passim; Daniels 1968; 1969; 1970a, 1970b; 1971a; 1971b; 1973; 1975; 1977; all passim. For the limited but important anthropological work, see Pace, Sergi and Caputo 1951,443-542. 54. Daniels 1970a, 36-37. 55. Daniels 1970a, 17-18; 1971a, 269-70; 1973,36-37. 56. Daniels 1968,113-194. An abridged version <strong>of</strong> this report appeared as Daniels 1970b, 37-66; also Daniels 1973,37. 57. Daniels 1973,35-40. 58. Daniels 1969,34. 59. " Daniels 1970a, 17. The suggestion that the fauces metaphor may be best applied to the Hun-Waddan gap I owe to my supervisor, Pr<strong>of</strong>. G. D. B. Jones. 60. Marichal 1979,448-51. Rebuffat 1975a, 165-87 showed that the Libyan alphabet found in the vices at Bu Njem is not the same as the Caramantian one; also 1982c, 196-99. 61. See above Chapter 3: 1, notes 19-22. Note also <strong>Roman</strong>elli 1977,429-38, who still favoured seeking the majority <strong>of</strong> Pliny's locations in the Fezzan; Daniels 1970a, 13-16,20-21,37. 62. Daniels 1970a, 27-35; Ayoub 1962,20; 1967a, 21-22; Compare section 4: 3 below. Classical references also associate the Garamantes with the Amten cult, Lucan, IX, 511f; Silius Italicus I, 414-17, II 56-67; III 6-11, III, 647-714. 63. Ayoub 1967a, 1-11,27-48; 1967b, 213-19. 64. Desanges 1962,94-95; Pace, Sergi and Caputo 1951,443-542; Daniels 1970a, 27-35. Gsell and Bovill 1968,31 believed they were a negroid people. 65. Bates 1914,67-68,71; Desanges 1962,82,101-02; Courtois 1955, 102-04,344-50; Brogan 1975,282-84; Jerary 1976. 66. A thesis originated by Gsell 1926,149-66. 67. Abd al Hakam, 35-37, Ibn Khaldun, 168,226,273; Courtois 1955,77-78, 104-05,348-49; Brogan 1975,282-84; Camps 1980,127-28 describes the Botr berbers as "neoberbares" and were distinct from the "paleoberberes" <strong>of</strong> the earlier migrations and who appear in the Arab sources as Beranes. See now Mattingly 1983. 68. Procopius, BV, IV, 21,2-22; IV, 22,13-20; IV928,47; de Aed. VI, 4; Corippus, loh, passim. See also Jerary 1976,26-129 for translations <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the relevant sources. 69. Pringle 1981,13-16,29-40 provides the best recent analysis <strong>of</strong> the Byzantine campaigns. See also Jerary 1976,130-178. 70. The election <strong>of</strong> Carcasan as Ierna's successor is described in the following way (VI, 142-44) "cuncti clamore sequuntur Carcasan fremenunt, Carcasan omnibus unum gentibus esse ducem linguis animisque fatentur. " 71 Synesius described the ravages caused by these raiders in some detail, Letters, 104,108,125,130 and in his Catastasis I, col. 1568-69; 1572. See also the excellent discussion by Tomlin 1979,259-70 and the paper by Goodchild 1976b, 239-54. 72. The confederation included both semi-nomadic and sedentary people, a fact which coupled with the geographic spread <strong>of</strong> the Laguatan perplexed Courtois 1955,102-104,344-50, who saw them as a fully nomadic tribe and could not account for the apparent contradiction. 73. Other references to the Ifuraces support this impression, Corippus, II, 113; III, 412; VIII, 490,648. 74. Mazax: roh, I, 549; V, 80; 376; VI, 44; 167; 450. Urceliana: II, 75; VI, 390.
-389- 3: 3 75. There were at least four separate tribes with the ethnic Nazices., Desanges 1962,34,63,112-113,271 (the M. S. K. R. H. were presumably <strong>of</strong> similar nature. ) References to Mazices in eastern Libya include Nestorius, Hist eccl, I, 7 (in the Great Khargeh oasis <strong>of</strong> the western Egyptian desert); Liber. Gen. p. 167 (near the Garamantes); Philostorgius, Hist ecc1, XI, 8. (near the Austuriani). 76. Corippus mentions the Nasamon many times in the Iohannid. - sometimes as a synonym for Laguatan, VI, 198; 552; 589; 593; 692; VII, 465; 510; VIII, 95 etc. 77. Corippus, II, 117-18, refers to warriors from Digdida the Digdida municipium Selorum <strong>of</strong> the Peutinger Table, Seg VIII. 78. Corippus, II 74-75 (Astrikes) and II, 62 (Macares) may possibly be equatable with the Astakoures (Ptolemy, IV, 3,6; 6,6) and the Macae. 79. Corippus, VI, 188-201. 80. As above. The full passage is worth quoting. Diggle and Goodyear 1970,120: "mentis inops nimium responsis fisus iniquis horrida bella parat. discurrens fama per omnes 190 it populos, regnum cecinit quod gentibus Ammon. excurrunt celeres calidis a Syrtibus alae invitantque feras regni sub imagine gentes. barbara turba coit: numeris augetur et armis. tunc equites peditesque ruunt altisque camelis. 195 Maurorum qui more sedent. nec Bolus Ilaguas auf gentes tantum, egerunt quae bella priores convenire sibi, sed si quis Syrtica rura asper arat Nasamon, si quis Garamantidos arvis proximus arva colit, pinguis qui margine Nili, 200 stagna bibunt, venere viri. quis dicere gentes auf numerare queat " 81. Brogan 1975,282-84; Camps 1980,124-28, Jerary 1976,91-129. 82. Oates 1953,113; 1954,110-11; Brogan 1975,282-84. Bulugma 1960, 111-19, examines the ethnic origin <strong>of</strong> modern tribes in the coastal zone; Despois 1935, deals at length with the modem Nefusa tribes. 83. Full references in Courtois 1955,94, notes 1-5; but see now Denys le Petit, Codex canonum ecclesiae africanae XLIX; LII. 84. Gesta Col Carth. 1208, in P. L. vol. XI, col 1348; Courtois 1955,34. 85. quamvis Anzuges per Iongum Africae limitem generalitor vocentur. 86. Goodchild 1950a, 30-31. 87. Courtois 1955,93-95. 88. Bates 1914,68, note 7. 89. = CIL 8.22787. Desanges 1962,77-80; Brogan 1975,280-81. 90. Goodchild 1976,59-71; Courtois 1955,93-95 and from personal observation in the UL VP; Buck, Burns and Mattingly 1983.
- Page 1 and 2: TRIP0LITANIA: a comparative study o
- Page 3 and 4: -367- FOOTNOTES Chapter 1: Introduc
- Page 5 and 6: -369- 1: 2 /1: 3 14. Benabou 1976,
- Page 7 and 8: -371- CHAPTER 2: GEOGRAPHY AND CLIM
- Page 9 and 10: -373- 2: 2/2: 3 45. Capot-Rey 1953,
- Page 11 and 12: -375- 2: 4 10. Penrose et al, 1970;
- Page 13 and 14: -377- 2: 5/2: 6 34. On the lotus, s
- Page 15 and 16: -379- 2: 7 the basis of the mileage
- Page 17 and 18: -381- 2: 7 64. Goodchild 1954 b and
- Page 19 and 20: -383- 7 3: 1/3: 2 17. An example of
- Page 21 and 22: -385- 3: 2/3: 3 46. Frezouls 1957,6
- Page 23: -387- 3: 3 tribes which cumulativel
- Page 27 and 28: -391- 4: 1 21. Johnson 1969,1-3. 22
- Page 29 and 30: -393- 4: 2 13. Sallust, BJ, XCII, 1
- Page 31 and 32: -395- 4: 2 65. For Saniat Gebril, s
- Page 33 and 34: -397- 4: 3j4; 4 20. Camps 1960,279-
- Page 35 and 36: -399- 4: 5 12. See above note 7. Ma
- Page 37 and 38: I -401- CHAPTER 5 FRONTIER THEORY A
- Page 39 and 40: -403- 5: 1 36. A few examples from
- Page 41 and 42: -405- 5: 1 66. On Byzantine frontie
- Page 43 and 44: -407- 5: 2 15. Desanges 1957,5-43.
- Page 45 and 46: -409- 5: 2 intervention and when Ca
- Page 47 and 48: -411- 5: 3 12. The evidence has bee
- Page 49 and 50: -413- 5: 3 50. See note 49, above.
- Page 51 and 52: -415- 5: 4 43. Rebuffat 1981,213-22
- Page 53 and 54: -417- FOOTNOTES CHAPTER 6 TRIPODITA
- Page 55 and 56: -419- 6: 1 53. Romanelli 1939,110-1
- Page 57 and 58: -421- 6: 2 9. The case has been con
- Page 59 and 60: -423- 6: 2 /6: 3 presented each one
- Page 61 and 62: -425- 6: 3 Tillibari (Ramada); Then
- Page 63 and 64: -427- 6: 3 have been a nzanerus col
- Page 65 and 66: -429- 6: 4 9. Rebuffat 1977,402-14;
- Page 67 and 68: -431- 7: 1 26. See Jones et al 1983
- Page 69 and 70: -433- 7; 1/7; 2 81. Cagnat 1913,542
- Page 71 and 72: 7: 2 -435- 45. The survey of the si
- Page 73 and 74: -437- 7; 3 2. See Pringle 1981,96 a
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-438- 7: 3 28. Trousset 1978,167-79
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-440- 7: 4 V1CI 1. The study of vic
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-442- 7; 4 53. But one should note
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-444- 8: 1 26. Dore 1983,54-57. Als
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-446- 8: 1 64. As is the case with
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-448- 8: 2/8: 3 22. For further exa
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-450- 8: 3/8: 4 27. Contrary to the
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-452- 8: 4 33. See the classic acco
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9: 1 -454- promptior. Severus was a
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-456- 9: 1 82. Nimran himself canno
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-458- 9: 1/9: 2 124. Brown 1972,294
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Ii! 1 -460- 9: 2 43. Ammianus Marce
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9: 3 -462- 15. Jones 1971,293. 16.
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-464- ITINERARIES :I THE COASTAL RO
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-466- Table of recorded distances o
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-468- III TACAPAE TO THE DJERID OAS
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-470- VI GEBEL EL-ASKER ROUTE - Cap
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-472- APPENDIX 2: Tribal centres in
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-474- At the narrow northern end of
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-476- II The Banat 'Village (Nf '39
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-478- APPENDIX 3: MILITARY EPIGRAPH
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-480- RAS EL AIN (Talalati, Tabalat
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-482- 29. [In]comparabilis virtutis
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-484- GASR ZERZI 48. Imp Caes L Sep
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-486- 67. I. O. ]m/[pro salute et i
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iI . -488- 84. [. ]allomentis/praed
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-490- SECTION 3 CIVILIANS AND THE A
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-492- 119. Maniliorium - in his pr(
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-494- Aurigemma, S. 1940c. Sculptur
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-496- Benabou, M. 1972. Proconsul e
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-498- Brogan, 0. and Smith, D. E. 1
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-5 00- Christol, M. 1981. Warm& des
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-502- Desanges, J. 1976. The iconog
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-504- Euzennat, M. 1972. Quatre ann
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-506- Gichon, M. 1974. Towers on th
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-508- Guidi, G. 1929. La date di co
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-510- Jones, G. D. B. 1980. The hid
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-512- Lepelley, C. 1967. D, 6c1in o
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-514- MacKendrick, P. 1980. The Nor
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-516- Oates, D. 1953. The Tripolita
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-518- Prost, G. 1954a. Utilisation
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-520- Robertson, A. S. The Antonine
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-522- Seeck, 0.1876. See Not. Dig.
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-524- Toutain, J. 1903c. Les nouvea
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-526- Wendorf, F. and Marks, A. E.
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me . 1.. ' Fig 1 A ,04 Djend PHYSIC
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-530- L1 .. ). 'I'2 rk . 100 6 15 0
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-532- Fig 5. N i Iiý. uru .. --- i
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-534- Fig 7. t' J SETTLEMENT w" 111
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-536- Fig 9 olr. 11& ter.. { i1" .1
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-538- Fig 11. THE LAGUATAN: SPREAD
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