a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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3: 2/3: 3
46. Frezouls 1957,67, no. 2- MAX, 1931,295; Carcopino 1943,267. See
now the definitive versions of these inscriptions in IAM.
47. Frezouls 1957,67, no. 3 MEFR, 1956,110f, no. 47; Rachet 1970,204.
48. Frezouls 1957,73, no. 13 a CIL 8.21826; Carcopino 1943,628.
49. Frezouls 1957,68, no. 4= MEFR, 1957,114f, no. 48, Rachet 1970,211.
50. Frezouls 1957,68, no. 5 CIL VI, 1800, E(iJli(i) amended to Fili.
51. Frezouls 1957,69, no. 6= Rachet 1970,213.
52. Frezouls 1957,69, no. 7 AE, 1942-43, no. 54 = AE, 1956, no. 52
Carcopino 1943,301.
53. Frezouls 1957,69-70, no. 8- MEFR, 1953,155f, no. 26.
54. Frezouls 1957,74, no. 15 - MEFR, 1953,155fýno. 27.
55. Frezouls 1957,73-74, no. 14 a MEFR, 1956,107f, no. 46.
56. Frezouls 1957,70, no. 9= Hesperis LX, 1953,244f a Rachet 1970,236.
57. Frezouls 1957,70-71, no. 10 - ILM 46 - AE, 1920, no. 44 - ILAf 609.
58. Frezouls 1957,71-72, no. 11 a ILM 47 = AE, 1921, no. 23 - ILAf 610.
59. Bates 1914,114-115.
60. Gellner 1969,81-93.
61. Romane. lli 1962,212 contra Frezouls, 1957,77 and inscriptions 3 and 13,
who thought that Ucmetio and f..... Jo were the same man. Rachet 1970,
believed that the altars were erected after periods of war between the
tribe and Rome, but this is contradicted by Frezouls inscription 11,
which remarks on the long observed peace. The most likely context for
the erection of the altars is on the change-over of tribal leader.
3: 3 TRIBAL HIERARCHY : TRIPOLITANIA
1. For Ptolemy, see the discussion in Bates 1914,60-65; Pliny, V, 26-28;
33-34.
2. Herodotus, IV, 173; Bates 1914,58.
3. As is shown in the section on the Lotophages.
4. Mela, I, 8,41-48; Pliny, V, 43-46. Fentress 1979,21-22, also spotted
this artificial framework.
5. Mela, I, 8,41-48, "quamquam in familias passim et sine lege dispersi
nihil in commune consultant, tarnen quia singulis aliquot simul coniuges
et plures ob id liberi adgnatique sunt nusquam. "
6. See above, 3: 2, notes 22-29.
7. Diodorus Siculus, III, 49,1-3, Loeb translation.
8. Sarel-Sternberg 1963,126; Louis 1975,91-94.
9. Bates 1914,51-71; Desanges 1962, passim, Brogan 1975,267-68,277-86.
10. Brogan 1975,278.
11. Carter 1965,123-132; Picard and Picard 1969,23-24,41-45.
12. The fines imposed by Caesar of Libyphoenician cities indicate the scale
of wealth; B. Af, XCVII, 2, Thapsus and Hadrumetum were obliged to pay
13,000,000 sestertes between them (with contributions from their foreign
communities), "Leptis" was fined 3,000,000 pounds of olive oil annually.
There has been a good deal of inconclusive discussion as to which "Leptis"
was involved, Minor or Magna, Pflaum 1959,85-92; Romanelli 1924a, 253-62;
IRT, pp. 73-76; Di Vita-Evrard 1979,85-88. However, archaeological
evidence from both areas suggests an early development of large scale
olive oil production, Gsell 1925,41-46; Romanelli 1960,185-202 and both
probably had the productive capacity to meet the fine. The fact that
Cato wintered in Lepcis Magna after crossing the Sirtic desert, favours
the identification of that city as the one penalised, Lucan, de Bello
civilo, IX, 948-949.
13. See below, Chapter 8: 1, for a more detailed analysis of this.