a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

-376-
2: 5 ANCIENT EVIDENCE FOR GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, FLORA AND FAUNA
1. Gsell HAAN I, 1-158 (geography, flora and fauna); 159-176 (agriculture
and pastoralism). For Tripolitania, Fantoli 1933 is a useful collec-
tion and Italian translation of most of the relevant texts. See also,
Camps 1960,57-91 on the origins of agriculture in North Africa.
2. Strabo XVII, 3,19.
3. Pliny NN, V, 26: per deserta harenis perque serpentes iter est.
Excipiunt saltus repleti ferarum multitudine et introrsus elephantorum
solitudines, mox deserta vasta ultraque Garamantes.
4. Corippus, loh, II, 78-80; VI, 581; II, 51-62 (Gebel and Gefara);
VI, 104-105 (Syrtica); VI, 270-95 (Dahar).
5. Strabo XVII, 3,17-20, Pliny V. 26- V. 35-38- Livy XXIX, 33,8-9;
Orosius, adv. pag., I, 2,90.
6. Capot-Rey 1953,94-97, discusses the evidence.
7. Corippus, VI, 294-95.
8. Odes, I, XXII.
9. Plutarch, Cato Y., 56; Strabo XVII, 3,20; Lucan, Book IX.
Knud Holmboe almost died in 1930 when he got lost between Nufila and
Argheila (1936,95-176).
10. Herodotus IV, 181-185.
11. Lucan IX, 522-27: silvarum fons causa loco, qui putria terrae alligat
et domitas unda cvnectit harenas. See also Diodorus Siculus III, 49,
2-3; Procopius, de aed, VI, 2,14-20; Strabo XVII, 1,5.
12. Strabo XVII, 3,17-18 (Lesser Syrtes and Cephalae); XVII, 3,20
(Taourgha and Greater Syrtes); Brogan 1975a, 52.
13. Procopius, de aed, VI, 4,1; Haynes 1959,72.
14. Pliny NH V, 26; Lucan IX, 338-44- IX, 432- Silius Halicus I, 408-10;
III9 320 (on the wrecking activities of the Nasamones. They may
simply have pilfered wrecks rather than actually caused them).
15. Strabo XVII, 3,20 (Loeb translation).
16. On the perils of ancient navigation, particularly in small craft
hugging the coastline, see further Synesius, Letters, 4.
17. Sallust XVII, 5-6.
18. SHA, Hadrian XXII, 10; for a crop failure in Byzacium, see Corippus VI, 247.
19. Strabo XVII, 3,18.
20. De controv. agrorum, II.
21. Frontinus, in Blume I, 36; translation by Dilke 1971,65.
22. CIL 8 4440; 18587; de Pachtere 1908,373-400 (full text with some
revisions on CIL); Birebent 1962,402-06; but see now, Shaw 1982,
61-103 for a fundamental new study of its significance.
23. Gauckler 1900/1912; Carton 1896/1897; 1912; Gsell et al 1902; Baradez
1949; Birebent 1962; Crova 1967, Vita-Finzi 1969; Barker and Jones 1982.
24. Strabo XVII, 3,1; Sallust Bi LXXXIX, 4; XCI, 2-3.
25. IRT 918, lines 20-23: tantis ignibus/in istis semper harenacis collibus/
nutantis Austri solis flammas fervidas/ tranquille. Translated in
Haynes 1946,75-76.
26. Corippus VIII, 320-373, on a 10 day ghibli; Herodotus IV, 173, on the
extermination of the Psylli tribe doing battle with the "south wind";
Lucan IX, 447-500.
27. BJ, XVII, 5-6.
28. Pliny V, 6; V. 9.
29. Pliny V, 26; Strabo XVII, 3,18.
30. Pliny XV, 3,8; but cf. contra, Silius Italicus III, 324, who stated
that Athena gave the gift of the olive tree to North Africa before
anywhere else; Caesar BAf, XCVII, 3, on the 3 million pounds olive
oil per annum exacted as a fine by Caesar on Lepcis.
31. Camps-Fabrer 1953; Gsell 1925,41-46.
32. Barker and Jones 1982,8-21.
33. Pliny NH, Book XV.