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4: CASE STUDY 1: THE ITALIAN/SLOVENIAN BORDER inside. All three bunkers have rectangular windows at the top part of the structure with the remnants of a wooden frame still present. The window frames have traces of hinges still attached to them suggesting some kind of window or shutter was once present. These have subsequently been removed. One bunker is more recent than the others and has had electricity installed, something not available in the others (Figure 27). This bunker dates to the Cold War period. It is round in shape and has three windows facing north, east and south whilst the bunker is entered from a west-facing door. On the concrete steps the year 1977 has been scratched whilst the concrete was still supple enough for such treatment. Although this date cannot be completely trusted as it could have been added later other facts do point to this being a likely time for its construction. The bunker’s location is of major importance as this section of the mountain belonged to Yugoslavia until 1975 when it was handed over to Italy as part of the Treaty of Osimo. This structure was likely to have been built to provide shelter for the soldiers closer to the border and as a lookout point closer to the new outline of the border, however, being so visible to the Yugoslavians would also suggest that it was a way of marking their new territory. Figure 27: Italian bunker located on Mount Sabotino/Sabotin dating to the cold war period. Photo: Anna McWilliams 2008. 150 m down the mountain from this newer Italian bunker was the Italian military headquarters on the mountain. It was not possible to access this site and therefore it had to be viewed from a distance. Being smaller than the Yugoslavian headquarters it could only have hosted a small number of border guards. This complex was much easier to reach from the town than the Yugoslavian barracks, which until the road corridor was built through Italian territory had to use the longer road on the eastern side of Mount Sabotino/Sabotin. Therefore the Italian border guards would have been able 89
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN to reach their barracks much faster from the town than the Yugoslavian guards, making less of a necessity to house any more than a small number of soldiers here. Patrolling the city Evidence of military and border police surveillance is also visible in the urban areas of the study area. The absence of structures near the border also demonstrates surveillance infrastructure. This is apparent on the former Yugoslavian side of the border in the town of Nova Gorica where a strip of land, directly east of the border to Italy, has been kept open within this urban area. Some of these strips followed former roads as well as a disused railway track of the former Transalpine Railway. Keeping an area open directly by the border by preventing any construction here made illegal crossing more difficult and helped to facilitate the patrolling of the border. These long, former patrolling tracks have now been made into cycle paths stretching almost the entire length of the town (Figure 28). Figure 28: Cycle path along the border between Gorizia and Nova Gorica. Borderline runs along the brick wall to the left of the path. Photo: Anna McWilliams 2008. 90
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An Archaeology of the Iron Curtain
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An Archaeology of the Iron Curtain
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Contents Acknowledgements 11 CHAPTE
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The end of a journey 212 Sammanfatt
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AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction Standing on
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1: INTRODUCTION carried out of the
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1: INTRODUCTION they may be… It i
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1: INTRODUCTION where the observer
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1: INTRODUCTION former Iron Curtain
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1: INTRODUCTION criticism from othe
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1: INTRODUCTION itioned somewhere i
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1: INTRODUCTION World War II dividi
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CHAPTER 2 A physical metaphor Concr
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR established
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR The changing
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR the events t
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5: CASE STUDY 2: THE CZECH/AUSTRIAN
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Figure 77-78: Painting inside the f
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CHAPTER 6 An archaeology of the Iro
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6: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTA
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Figure 102: Fence and Watch Tower a
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Sammanfattning (Summary in Swedish)
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SAMMANFATTNING En fysisk metafor I
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SAMMANFATTNING komst och kunskapsf
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SAMMANFATTNING Fältstudier av läm
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SAMMANFATTNING som försöker ta si
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SAMMANFATTNING mets dilemma”. Han
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Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations
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33. Sofie Bedford, Islamic activism
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67. Anne Kaun, Civic Experiences an
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Stockholm Studies in Archaeology Se
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29. LINDGREN, Christina. 2004. Män
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The Iron Curtain was seen as the di
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