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4: CASE STUDY 1: THE ITALIAN/SLOVENIAN BORDER
time see Mihelj 2012). At the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947 it was decided
that Trieste would remain a free port, called the Free Territory of Trieste,
which would continue to be run as two zones: Zone A under Anglo-
American military administration and Zone B under Yugoslavian as a
temporary solution (Sluga 2001:141) (Figure 17). After several years of
tension between Italian, Slovene and Croatian groups, a permanent solution
was reached in 1954 where the border was adjusted in some areas. Zone A
that had so far been governed by the allies was assigned to Italy and the
allied troops that had been a part of everyday life in the zone left in 1955. It
was, however, not until 1975 that the border was officially accepted by both
Italy and Yugoslavia through the Treaty of Osimo (Bufon and Minghi
2000:120).
Following the change of borders after World War II large, previously
Italian, areas fell within Yugoslavian territory and around 100,000 people
who considered themselves Italian emigrated to Italy from Istria (Ballinger
2003:89). Many ended up in Trieste and refugee camps were established
here to house people coming over the border.
Figure 17: The Free Territory of Trieste.
Map: Chris Beach.
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