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larrysa
01.02.2015 Views

Figure 59: Military map from 1980 of the western part of the study area. Military Archives Brno. Figure 60: The symbol of the border guard, a dog, on a display stone outside the entrance to the Hajenká border guard station. Photo: Anna McWilliams 2010.

AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN Background The castle on the rock The area in which this study has been carried out lies within the Podyji National Park, located in the southwestern part of the Czech Republic right on the Austrian border. The park has a long history of nature management although the motivations behind it and the type of management have varied greatly throughout time. The town of Vranov nad Dyji developed around the castle built on a high rock above the current town as part of a defence system along the river Dyji. It is first mentioned in written records in the year 1100 AD. During the medieval period Vranov was located right on the edge of the Margraviate of Moravia where the river Dyji (in Czech) and Thaya (in German) marked the border with the Duchy of Austria. The castle here as well as the castle at Hardegg on the Austrian side of the river were established as a defence against threat across the border. These areas therefore have a long history of being borderlands, protecting themselves against possible threat from the outside. In 1526 the Czechs joined the Habsburg Monarchy which put Vranov nad Dyji close to the heart of the empire in Vienna only 70 km away. In 1645, during the Thirty Year War, the town of Vranov was seized and looted by the Swedish army but despite several months of trying to invade the castle itself they never succeeded and had to leave Vranov (Vranov Castle website 2010). Vranov castle was severely damaged by fire in 1665 and was rebuilt into a large Baroque chateau. The study area was part of the large Vranov Castle Estate and became part of the castle’s large Forest Park that developed from the middle of the 18 th century onwards. One of the first features to be built in the park was a folly located near the village of Čižov which was followed, in the 1780s, by extensive developments of the landscape building the Braitava folly, an English park with pavilions as well as temples and grottoes on Rose Hill, located on the northern side of the Castle. Extensive work was also invested in forest management and cultivation plans. Further development in the 1790s included a wild boar reserve around the already mentioned Čižov folly, a game reserve and a pheasantry. Over time adjustments were made to the park and lookout points and monuments were added, several for and by Helena Mniszek-Lubomirski, Lady of the castle in the mid-19 th century, but the character of the forest park stayed similar until the early 20 th century. After the 1930s, however, the park suffered neglect and 134

Figure 59: Military map from 1980 of the western part of the<br />

study area. Military Archives Brno.<br />

Figure 60: The symbol of the border guard, a dog, on a display<br />

stone outside the entrance to the Hajenká border guard station.<br />

Photo: Anna McWilliams 2010.

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