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4: CASE STUDY 1: THE ITALIAN/SLOVENIAN BORDER 8 Bunker/hut 2 Inside Slovenian territory. Octagonal in shape. Constructed of red bricks with cement bonding and a grey course cement cladding. The inside is painted in white. 9 Bunker/hut 3 Inside Italian territory. Octagonal in shape. Constructed of red bricks with cement bonding and a grey course cement cladding. The inside is painted in white. 10 Bunker/hut 4 Inside Italian territory. Round in shape and appears more recent than the other bunker/hut structures. It is constructed in concrete with a cladding of stones. The year 1977 has been written in the concrete steps leading into the structure. 27 11 Italian military station A small station consisting of one, single story, structure. Could not be accessed. 12 Memorial Memorial stone commemorating the lives lost in the First World War. 13 Information plaque Plaque informing about the nature park on the mountain top and its flora and fauna. 14 Ruins of monastery. Ruins of a 14 th century monastery run by Franciscan monks. Closed down in 1782. Church structure, now located inside Slovenian territory, was partially restored in 1999–2000 whilst residential structures, inside Italian territory, are more fragmented and in state of decay. 15 Cave Natural cave under monastery reinforced with concrete and used during the First World War and by Yugoslavian border guards. 26 16 Flag pole Flag pole. This was used to declare Slovenian independence on the 25 th June 121
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN 1991. 17 Writing “Naš Tito” written in white stones 18 Changed borderline Borderline here changed after the Treaty of Osimo in 1975. It was moved closer into Yugoslavian territory. 19 Osimo Road Corridor The road corridor here was part of the Treaty of Osimo in 1975 to allow quicker access to Yugoslavian land on the north side of Mount Sabotino/Sabotin. It was built in 1985. 22 20 San Mauro/Šmaver border crossing 21 Barrier gate and stone blocks Crossing for farmers. 40 Road gate across a path leading to the border from the Slovenian side and old cement road blocks discarded directly north of the gate itself. 22 Former property of Countess Liduška. The border was changed in order to include this property within Italian territory after pressure from the owner who wanted to remain in Italy. The property wall, with iron bars across openings and barbed wire on top, therefore became part of the border. 50 23 Salcano/Solkan 1 border crossing 24 Salcano/Solkan 2 border crossing 25 Former American barracks Crossing for farmers. 40, 41 Local crossing. 40 American barracks used at the end of World War II. According to several oral accounts this was also used as a refugee centre in the years following the new border position. A photo in the archive 122
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4: CASE STUDY 1: THE ITALIAN/SLOVENIAN BORDER<br />
8 Bunker/hut 2 Inside Slovenian territory. Octagonal in<br />
shape. Constructed of red bricks with<br />
cement bonding and a grey course cement<br />
cladding. The inside is painted in white.<br />
9 Bunker/hut 3 Inside Italian territory. Octagonal in shape.<br />
Constructed of red bricks with cement<br />
bonding and a grey course cement<br />
cladding. The inside is painted in white.<br />
10 Bunker/hut 4 Inside Italian territory. Round in shape<br />
and appears more recent than the other<br />
bunker/hut structures. It is constructed in<br />
concrete with a cladding of stones. The<br />
year 1977 has been written in the concrete<br />
steps leading into the structure.<br />
27<br />
11 Italian military<br />
station<br />
A small station consisting of one, single<br />
story, structure. Could not be accessed.<br />
12 Memorial Memorial stone commemorating the lives<br />
lost in the First World War.<br />
13 Information plaque Plaque informing about the nature park on<br />
the mountain top and its flora and fauna.<br />
14 Ruins of monastery. Ruins of a 14 th century monastery run by<br />
Franciscan monks. Closed down in 1782.<br />
Church structure, now located inside<br />
Slovenian territory, was partially restored<br />
in 1999–2000 whilst residential structures,<br />
inside Italian territory, are more<br />
fragmented and in state of decay.<br />
15 Cave Natural cave under monastery reinforced<br />
with concrete and used during<br />
the First World War and by Yugoslavian<br />
border guards.<br />
26<br />
16 Flag pole Flag pole. This was used to declare<br />
Slovenian independence on the 25 th June<br />
121