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4: CASE STUDY 1: THE ITALIAN/SLOVENIAN BORDER ideological or political statements or through building bunkers as part of a military statement. Through this study we can see that the post-World War II border between former Yugoslavia and Italy had a traumatic start and that its beginning stages had a lot of similarities to what can be described as more ‘recognised Iron Curtain-style’ borders further north, such as the inner German border. Photographs, documents and local stories provide a picture of how the new border was formed and what it looked like. The barbed wire that was first rolled out along the border accompanied by strict surveillance on both sides demonstrates the military character this border had at these early stages. In some places there were even mines (Velušček and Medved 2002). One of the important results of this study has been the discussions that it has created of what we consider the Iron Curtain to be, or to have been in the past. The material and other sources show us a highly complex border that has changed over time. It was never the purpose of this study to establish if this was or was not part of the Iron Curtain but rather it was meant to be a starting point for a discussion of what an Iron Curtain is, or was. This study has demonstrated that people have very different idea of what would constitute an Iron Curtain. A few points are similar in many people’s views though and they suggest an Iron Curtain is: high fences or concrete walls; presence of barbed wire; a border impossible to penetrate; a dividing line between capitalist and communist ideologies. This image is very much based on the image of the Berlin Wall. How people see an Iron Curtain and if they see the former Yugoslav-Italian border to be part of one or not is highly dependent on factors such as their own and their family’s relationship with the border, or where they are from. Many of the people I have spoken to in Italy claim that people on the Yugoslavian side where much poorer and much more controlled by the authorities than themselves, something they think of as Iron Curtain-like features. For many Italians there is just not much of an interest in looking eastwards, their focus has for such a long time been towards the rest of Italy and Western Europe. This feeling is generally not recognised by people from former Yugoslavia who claim to have, at least in some ways, benefitted from the proximity of the border. You therefore often find that people in Italy are much more likely to consider this border to have been part of the former Iron Curtain than people in today’s Slovenia. The views of what an Iron Curtain is and if the Italian-Yugoslav border was part of it also changes with time and with changing political climate. In what is now Slovenia the use of the term Iron Curtain has in more recent years been connected to politicians for more right wing parties who by 117
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN claiming that Yugoslavia lay inside the Iron Curtain want to connect socialism and current more left wing parties with a former totalitarian Yugoslavian government. The term Iron Curtain is also increasingly used by the local tourist and heritage industry, especially in Slovenia, for example at the Railway Museum at Nova Gorica train station, for the advertisement of the watchtower just inside the Slovenian border or proposals of opening a new Border Museum in one of the abandoned crossing buildings. The border here is an important part of the history of the area, the importance of which has only recently been acknowledged and which has led to an increase in interest to the border history and sites related to it. What is interesting though is that the use of the term Iron Curtain has started to make its way into stories, sites and the general history about this border which was not necessarily seen in the past. 118
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An Archaeology of the Iron Curtain
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An Archaeology of the Iron Curtain
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Contents Acknowledgements 11 CHAPTE
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The end of a journey 212 Sammanfatt
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AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTAIN
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction Standing on
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1: INTRODUCTION carried out of the
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1: INTRODUCTION they may be… It i
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1: INTRODUCTION where the observer
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1: INTRODUCTION former Iron Curtain
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1: INTRODUCTION criticism from othe
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1: INTRODUCTION itioned somewhere i
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1: INTRODUCTION World War II dividi
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CHAPTER 2 A physical metaphor Concr
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR established
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR The changing
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR the events t
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR As time has
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR highly influ
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2: A PHYSICAL METAPHOR popular idea
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5: CASE STUDY 2: THE CZECH/AUSTRIAN
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CHAPTER 6 An archaeology of the Iro
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6: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE IRON CURTA
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Figure 102: Fence and Watch Tower a
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Sammanfattning (Summary in Swedish)
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SAMMANFATTNING En fysisk metafor I
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SAMMANFATTNING komst och kunskapsf
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SAMMANFATTNING Fältstudier av läm
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SAMMANFATTNING som försöker ta si
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SAMMANFATTNING mets dilemma”. Han
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Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations
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33. Sofie Bedford, Islamic activism
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67. Anne Kaun, Civic Experiences an
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Stockholm Studies in Archaeology Se
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29. LINDGREN, Christina. 2004. Män
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The Iron Curtain was seen as the di
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