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ZTE Memorabilia in 2007
January 2007, ZTE executed equity capital stimulation plan and over 3000 employees benefited from
this.
February 2007, ZTE signed handset procurement agreement with Vodafone to supply low cost
handsets with Vodafone brand only.
March 2007, ZTE was ranked as “one of the China’s top 10 listed companies” by Business Week.
April 2007, ZTE was awarded “the most respectable company in China” for 3 years continuously.
June 2007, ZTE signed TD commercial agreement with China Mobile becoming a leading player in
China TD field.
June 2007, ZTE was ranked as “one of the Top 10 IT and Telecom companies in India market” by
Voice & Data and ZTE was the only Chinese company among them.
July 2007, ZTE signed agreement with America’s third largest telecom operator, Sprint Nextel to
supply WiWAX terminal products.
July 2007, ZTE was ranked as one of the most competitive 20 Chinese companies by Rolandberger
Based on the financial statements prepared in accordance with HKFRS, ZTE’s revenue for the
first six months of 2007 amounted to RMB15.232 billion, representing an increase of 43.85%
compared with the corresponding period last year. Business income from overseas market accounted
for 52% of its total business income. Volume shipment of its GSM products for the first half of 2007
increased by 300% compared with the same period last year, resulting in the expansion of its global
GSM capacity to 90 million network lines.
August 2007, ZTE was ranked as “one of the 10 most influential listed Chinese companies” by
China stock network.
September 2007, ZTE signed a GSM network expansion contract with CMPak, one of the major
telecommunications operators in Pakistan and one of China Mobile’s holding companies. This
project marks the first cooperation between two Chinese Telecom giants in overseas market.
September 2007, ZTE signed a contract with Portugal’s AR Telecom to build backbone transmission
network.

www.zte.com.cn/magazine/English
A Monthly Publication
Vol. 9 No. 10 Issue 93 October/2007
5
ZTE IPTV Services
Tech Feature
ZTE’s IPTV platform supports both the basic services and value-added
IPTV services, giving subscribers a more interactive and personalized
TV viewing experience.
Corporate News
Tech Features
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
Mr Hou Weigui Addresses at WEF
ZTE Records 300% Increase in GSM Kit
Shipments During H1 07
ZTE to Build AR Telecom's Backbone
Transmission Network
ZTE Signs GSM Expansion Contract with
CMPAK
ZTE Wins at Telkom
ZTE Claims MBMS First
Industrial News
Mobile Advertising Prepares for Takeoff
KT Rolls out Nationwide IPTV Service
V’fone, Ericsson Launch IMS
BT Expands Presence in China
China Mobile TV Options Down to CMMB,
TDBM
Top Carriers Demand New OSS Standard
Leading Edge
9
11
14
An Analysis of xPON Technology
Development
The xPON technology has gained much
interest in the past years as it can meet the
escalating demand for bandwidth-intensive
services.
ZTE’s Multi-Service Access Solutions
ZTE’s MSAN can deliver both traditional and
emerging services from basic telephony to
IPTV over a variety of access technologies.
ZTE WiMAX Development Status
ZTE’s WiMAX solutions provide significant
advantages such as serialized BSs, modular
design, all-IP architecture.
4
3G Long-Term Evolution (LTE)

16 ZTE’s Achievements in CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
ZTE’s CDMA2000 1xEV-DO mobile communications
system offers many advantages such as full
compatibility, large capacity, and high integration and
serialized products.
18
ZTE’s Home NodeB Solution
ZTE’s HNodeB solution can meet multiple requirements of
operators such as FMC, better indoor coverage, high rate
data mobile service, and etc.
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief: Gu Yongcheng
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Huang Xinming
Editorial Director: Zhao Lili
Executive Editor: Liu Yang
Circulation Managers: Chen Jiali, Wang Kun
Subscription/Customer Services
20
21
23
25
The Smallest Dual-Mode Pico BTS
With its smallest physical dimension and lightest weight,
ZXG10 S8001 is easy to deploy, install and swap.
TD-SCDMA and GSM Networks
Convergence Solutions
ZTE brought about two solutions for TD-SCDMA/GSM
network convergence: dual-card & dual-standby and
single-card & single-standby.
ZTE’s IP over WDM Solution
As telecoms infrastructure is entering the new era of IP,
more emphasis will be placed on constructing an IP bearer
network that can carry carrier-class services.
An Overview of the Construction of a Carrier-Class
Video Supervision System
The carrier-class supervision system implements multiple
mechanisms to ensure its reliability, security and stable
performance.
Subscription to ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
is free of charge
Tel: +86-755-26775203
Fax: +86-755-26775217
Email: chen.jiali@zte.com.cn
Website: www.zte.com.cn/magazine/English
Editorial Office
Marketing System
11F, R&D Building, ZTE Plaza,
Hi-tech Road South, Hi-tech Industrial Park,
Shenzhen, P.R.China
Postcode: 518057
Tel: +86-755-26775215
Fax: +86-755-26775217
Email: liu.yang2@zte.com.cn
ZTE Profile
25
21 25
ZTE is a leading global provider of
telecommunications equipment and network
solutions. ZTE's product range is the most
complete in the world—covering virtually
every sector of the wireline, wireless and
handset markets. The company delivers
products and services to customers in more
than 120 countries.
Handsets
27
ZTE Tops the Chinese Handset Brands
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

Corporate News
Mr Hou Weigui Addresses at WEF
L to R: Mr Hou Weigui, ZTE’s board Chairman, Vineet Nayar, President of HCL
Technologies Ltd, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Science Advisor to the Prime Minister's Cabinet
Office in Japan, and Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology of the PRC
The world economic forum’s (WEF) which has been recognized as “the
inaugural annual meeting of the world’s top economic meeting”. About
new champions has been held at China’s 1700 experts, CEOs, and officers from
Dalian on September 6-8, WEF is an
independent international organization
different industries have attended this
forum and Mr Wen Jiabao, China’s
prime minister, addresses at the opening
ceremony of this forum.
ZTE’s board Chairman, Mr Hou
Weigui, has been invited to address
at this forum about Asia technology
transformation potential to discuss
business development, technology
innovation and internationalization
with many attendants. Mr Hou
pointed out during the discussion of
building self developed technologies
in developing countries that “the
development history of many Chinese
high-tech companies has demonstrated
the fact that to grow with self
developed technologies is necessary
and successful, this experience can be
used for reference for many companies
in both developing and developed
countries.”
ZTE Records 300% Increase in GSM Kit
Shipments During H1 07
This record is attributed to ZTE's continuous effort to develop new technology innovation and forge
strategic partnerships with key telecommunications providers worldwide.
ZTE has announced that volume deployment of All IP-unified hardware 40 countries today,” said He Zhaogang,
shipment of its GSM products for platform, the rollout of the dual-mode general manager, ZTE GSM products.
the first half of 2007 increased by 300 Femto Base Station S8001, and being “We’ve been highly recognized in
per cent compared with the same period
last year, resulting in the expansion of
its global GSM capacity to 90 million
network lines.
Among its recent industry-leading
technology breakthroughs include the
the first to launch the GSM BBU+RRU
Solution in the industry.
“The number of countries where
we have shipped and sold our GSM
solutions globally has doubled since
three years ago, reaching to more than
the GSM field as a leading player
because of our proactive approach
in developing and introducing new
technology innovation that are
different from available products in the
market.”
(ZTE Corporation)
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
1

Corporate News
ZTE to Build AR Telecom’s Backbone
Transmission Network
ZTE has closed a deal with AR
Telecom to build a backbone
t r a n s m i s s i o n n e t w o r k a c r o s s
Portugal, covering Lisbon, Porto
and other well-developed cities in
the country. Under the agreement,
the backbone transmission network
project will utilize ZTE’s ZXMP
M800 equipment, a high-capacity
DWDM platform incorporating
six types of network equipment
protections in the industry, and
MSTP equipment including ZXMP
S330, S320 and S200 for hybrid
networking. AR Telecom’s subscriber
base reached more than 30,000 at
the beginning of 2007. To serve its
®
TMAX access network, AR Telecom
is building a DVB+DWDM network
using ZTE’s ZXMP transmission
equipment.
ZTE Signs GSM Expansion
Contract with CMPAK
Agreement Marks First Deal Between Two Chinese
Telecom Giants Overseas
ZTE announced on September 5
that the company has just signed
a contract with CMPak, one of the
major telecommunications operators
in Pakistan, for GSM network
expansion in the country. Under the
contract, the expansion includes the
construction of 14 thousand carriers
ZTE Wins at Telkom
ZTE announced that it has recently
signed an agreement with Telkom
Indonesia (“Telkom”), the largest
InfoCom company and full-service
network provider in Indonesia, to
help expand the CDMA2000 network
capacity for national coverage. Under
the contract, the network expansion
will cover the four main cities of the
for radio network and 10 million lines
for core network.
CMPak was formerly called Paktel
prior to its acquisition by China
Mobile in 2007. This project marks
the first cooperation between two
Chinese Telecom giants, ZTE and
China Mobile, overseas.
eastern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia.
ZTE had previously partnered with
Telkom in August 2004, when ZTE
supplied the optical network products
for Telkom’s national backbone network
transmission project. ZTE was selected
by Telkom among other bidders for
the project due to its proven technical
solution.
ZTE Claims
MBMS First
ZTE revealed on September 10
that it has successfully completed
an MBMS Multicast Service testing
based on Third Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) R6 standard conducted
a t i t s S h a n g h a i R e s e a r c h a n d
Development Center last month in
collaboration with Qualcomm. The
testing is the first MBMS Multicast
Service Inter-Operability Test (IOT)
ever completed in the industry,
considered a major breakthrough in
extending MBMS’ existing function to
provide broadcast services only.
The test results show that 128 and
256 kbit/s high-speed transmission of
MBMS television programs broadcast
and multicast services can be smoothly
delivered over cellular networks.
The success of MBMS Multicast
Service IOT marks the readiness
of commercial delivery to the mass
market.
(ZTE Corporation)
2
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

Industrial News
Mobile Advertising
Prepares for Takeoff
Spending on mobile search and
display advertising will skyrocket
in the coming years in the U.S., finally
making cell phones a viable vehicle for
this type of online marketing, according
to research firm The Kelsey Group.
Spending is expected to total
US$33.2 million this year and grow at
a compound annual rate of 112 percent
through 2012, when it will hit US$1.4
billion, Kelsey Group analyst Matt
Booth said. (Sept 11th, Infoworld.com)
KT Rolls out Nationwide IPTV Service
KT is taking a big step into the
broadcasting market with the
commercial launch of its video-ondemand
service dubbed “Mega TV.”
South Korea’s largest telephone and
broadband line operator said it will
begin to offer IPTV to its broadband
Internet service users across the nation,
after offering test services in Seoul and
nearby areas only.
Mega TV is expected to form a
healthy rivalry with Hanaro Telecom’s
“Hana TV” service.
V’fone, Ericsson Launch IMS
Er i c s s o n h a s s u p p l i e d a n d
successfully integrated its IP
Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) solution
into mobile operator Vodafone’s network
in the Czech Republic, bringing fixedmobile
converged services to business
customers.
(Sept 6th, telecomasia.net)
Under an agreement signed earlier
this year, Ericsson was responsible for
delivery and systems integration of
its advanced IMS solution, along with
project management, network design
and implementation.
(Sept 10th, Lightreading.com)
BT Expands Presence in China
BT is investing in two new technology
centers in China as it looks to tap the
region’s booming technology market.
BT will be establishing a Technology
and Service Center in Dalian, which
will focus on open-source software
development and enterprise applications
for China’s expanding business market.
In addition to the Dalian Center, BT
will also be locating its fourth R&D
center in Shanghai.
(Sept 6th, pcproc.co.uk)
China Mobile TV
Options Down to
CMMB, TDBM
Du Baichuan, former CTO of
China’s State Administration
of Radio, Film and Television
(Sarft), disclosed at the International
Broadcast Conference that “China
will have two mobile TV standards
by the end of this year: CMMB and
TDBM.”
C h i n a M o b i l e M u l t i m e d i a
Broadcasting (CMMB) is based
on a hybrid satellite and terrestrial
network, originally developed by
China’s Academy of Broadcast
Science and Sarft. TDBM is
a m o b i l e T V s t a n d a r d u s i n g
China’s home-grown 3G mobile
telecommunication standard, TD-
SCDMA.
(Sept 11th, eetasia.com)
Top Carriers
Demand New OSS
Standard
The world’s biggest carriers are
pushing urgently for an obscure
new standard which can enable
interoperability between OSSes.
Under pressure from the operators,
the TeleManagement Forum will begin
rolling out the standard, known as
Prosspero, in the next few months.
(Sept 6th, pcproc.co.uk)
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 3

Leading Edge
3G Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
Fang Ming, Li Chunyan
To ensure the competitiveness
of 3GPP systems over a 10
year timeframe, the 3GPP standards
organization has started the Long-
Term Evolution (LTE) and System
Architecture Evolution (SAE) standard
development. LTE and SAE study
projects were set up at the end of
2004 by the 3GPP. Extensive efforts
covering radio access networks (RANs)
and SAE in core networks have been
made to enable LTE to meet the
expected increase of data traffic with
higher data rates and traffic volumes.
The LTE study item was concluded
in September 2006. Following the
closure of the study item phase, the
LTE work item phase started, and it is
expected to be finished by December
2008. LTE is expected to begin
commercial deployments by the 2010s.
In 2006, seven operators set up
the Next Generation Mobile Network
(NGMN) initiative to drive the
commercialization of LTE. In May
2007, LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI)
was established to prompt the early
adoption of LTE.
The LTE system uses Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing Access
(OFDMA) for the downlink, and Single
Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) for the uplink.
It achieves a peak downlink data rate
of above 100 Mbps and a peak uplink
data rate of above 50 Mbps with a 20
MHz bandwidth. Other key features
of LTE include scalable bandwidth,
Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO)
capability, and a flat network architecture
offering reduced latency and OPEX.
With many potential rewards, it will
become one of the most competitive
radio access technologies in the future,
just like its predecessor GSM.
A s t h e l a r g e s t l i s t e d
telecommunications equipment
manufacturer in China, ZTE is involved
in standards development with a host
of international bodies. In 3GPP, ZTE
has made many contributions to 3GPP
RAN1/RAN2/RAN3/RAN4, covering
mobility management, modulation,
MIMO, pilot design, link adaptation,
MBMS, and etc. Meanwhile, the
company, as a member of the NGMN
Group, has conducted specialized
research on many NGMN projects, to
promote the process of standardization
and commercialization of LTE.
ZTE’s LTE equipment uses the
soft base station that can also support
ZTE’s WiMAX and UMB products.
Several years ago, the company has
started research on the OFDMA and
MIMO-based soft base station. The
base station platform has now been put
into commercial use and can meet data
requirements of LTE. Based on this
platform, ZTE has launched the first
version of the LTE hardware platform.
From the standardization of LTE,
to the development of equipment,
s i m u l a t i o n a n d s t u d y o f k e y
technologies, and to the trial of LTE
equipment, ZTE has always been
keeping pace with worldwide leading
operators and equipment vendors.
ZTE provides equipment that meets
or even exceeds the requirements
of LTE, taking the lead in the
commercialization of 3GPP’s next
generation network equipment.
4
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

Tech Feature
ZTE IPTV Services
Zhang Rong
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 5

Tech Feature
At present, global carriers are
seeking new growth points for
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)
when basic IPTV services such as Live
TV, Video on Demand (VoD), Time
Shift Television (TSTV), Network
Personal Video Recorder (NPVR), TV
on Demand (TVoD) and Near Video
on Demand (NVoD) can’t attract more
customers. They have an urgent need
for the introduction of new value-added
services like tele-voting, gaming, video
communication and TV shopping to
enlarge the television viewing audience.
ZTE, which boasts an end-to-end
IPTV solution under the brand name of
EyeWill, can help operators offer not
only the basic IPTV services, but also
a wide array of value-added services.
● TSTV
TSTV, as a combination of live TV
and on-demand services, makes live
TV an even more attractive option.
With the time-shift function, users can
perform all trick actions (e.g., pause
and fast rewind) when they miss parts
of their favorite live TV programs like
sports and action films.
● VoD
VoD is a key component of IPTV
services. It permits users to select and
watch videos of different categories.
Videos can be offered both as pay-perplay
and free packages. In addition,
parental control on the movies to
be viewed can be imposed on VoD
services based on the movie ratings.
ZTE IPTV Basic Services
● Live TV
Live TV is similar to traditional TV
services. An IPTV user can navigate
through a multitude of channels through
an Electronic program guide (EPG)
that is always up-to-date. The IP-based
live TV has multiple advantages over
traditional TV. It can be offered in
both standard definition (SD) and high
definition (HD) formats, and support
parental control application. Moreover,
operators, with the IPTV platform, can
offer flexible channel packages, pay per
view (PPV) and a la carte services.
● TVoD
TVoD is a supplementary service to
live TV, which enables users to store
TV programs on the VoD servers, and
watch them at their convenience.
● NPVR
NPVR allows users to select and
record contents of their choice, which
are stored on networked VoD servers,
so that they can watch the contents
whenever they want. Compared to the
local PVR, NPVR doesn’t require a
personal hard disk when recording and
playing, and is more flexible as each
user can be allocated with a different
storage space.
● Music on demand
Music on demand (MoD) lets users
select and instantly appreciate music
contents such as the latest music
albums and hottest songs.
6
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

● NVoD
NVoD is a service model where the
same content, such as a top rating movie,
is multicasted over several channels,
each at a slightly different starting time,
to save bandwidth. A user can join a
corresponding multicast channel to
realize film trick play. It is a trade-off
solution between live TV and VoD, and
is the most cost-effective service model
for the popular movies content.
ZTE IPTV Value-Added Services
ZTE IPTV solution delivers not
only high quality TV services, but
also other value-added services
through communicating with terminals
in NGN, 3G or IMS networks.
IPTV, by adding voice and video
communications services, is expected
to drive the growth of N-play services.
● Video communication
A p a r t f r o m p o i n t - t o - p o i n t
communications, ZTE IPTV video
communication solution enables multi-
party video conferencing. IPTV video
conferencing can substitute the video
phone function. Furthermore, it allows
subscribers to maintain their own
address books, contact groups, and to
examine the call histories. It can be
employed for remote education, health
care and making friends.
● VoIP
VoIP is the key element of triple
play service, and can make an IPTV
bundle more attractive. Leveraging the
flexible communications infrastructure
of ZTE IPTV system, an IPTV user
can initiate calls to a PSTN, Softswitch
or mobile user with a set-top box (STB)
handset.
● Instant Messaging
Instant Messaging (IM) is a
popular messaging solution for
desktops and handsets. Users can
send short messages to another IPTV
user or a mobile user. Messages are
recommended to be entered with an
infrared keyboard.
● Information services
Walled garden brings customers
the convenience of browsing the
customized Websites via TV. Walled
garden is a kind of portal where
users can access contents such as
TV yellow pages, weather forecasts,
restaurants, real estates, and etc. With
this service, IPTV services operators
differentiate themselves from cable
TV operators.
● Gaming
Online gaming service also plays
an important role in promoting IPTV.
Many game service providers are
attracted to developing IPTV gaming
services. ZTE’s ZXV10 series STBs
can support Java Virtual Machine
(JVM) that facilitates easy generation
of more value-added services like
online games. The open architecture of
ZTE IPTV system also allows telecom
operators to choose the leading game
producers, and to collaborate with
them.
● Karaoke
Karaoke enjoys considerable
popularity in the Asia-Pacific area. The
IPTV Karaoke service allows customers’
home to become a Karaoke box with an
endless variety of song options that are
available 24 hours a day.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 7

Tech Feature
● Global surveillance
Global surveillance service can
be widely used in traffic monitoring,
s e c u r i t y m o n i t o r i n g a n d h o m e
s u r v e i l l a n c e . I t i n t r o d u c e s a n
opportunity for telecom operators
to include enterprise and industry
customers, thus expanding their IPTV
customer base.
● TV shopping
Network shopping and TV shopping
are becoming popular these days, but
IPTV shopping is more advantageous
by offering interactive features. IPTV
shopping seems to converge the
traditional home shopping TV model
with the Internet, making in-demand
products searchable. IPTV shopping
creates innovative ways of selling
products while widening the content
provider groups.
functions. The customer Web interface
allows users to check their account
balances, order histories and charges,
and to get self-help information.
● Tele-voting & Tele-contest
IPTV integrates many interactive
features into television. Besides
using trick play functions, users may
participate in tele-voting and live
guessing games by using a remote
control. The interactive function
may be easily extended to gambling,
interactive advertisement, friend
hunting, etc.
● Online photo album
Users can share their pictures and
videos with friends through the online
photo album. The system permits users
to upload photos and videos, manage
their photo albums and invite their
friends to visit the albums via TV.
● Subscriber self-care
ZTE EyeWill solution offers
c o m p l e t e s u b s c r i b e r s e l f - c a r e
ZTE’s IPTV platform supports both
the basic services and value-added
IPTV services, giving subscribers a
more interactive and personalized
TV viewing experience, thus helping
operators in their quest for service
differentiation, increased revenue and
customer loyalty.
8
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

An Analysis of xPON
Technology Development
Wang Xinsheng
The rapid decline of fiber costs in
the past few years has led to the
development of fiber-based Passive
Optical Network (PON) system.
PON is gradually establishing
itself as an important part of
broadband access technologies as it
features passive components, easy
network maintenance and protocol
transparence.
PON is the common denominator
for ATM/Broadband PON (APON/
BPON), Ethernet PON (EPON),
Gigabit PON (GPON) and some
other new point-to-multipoint
fiber-based technologies such as
Wavelength Division Multiplexing-
PON (WDM-PON) and long reach-
PON (LR-PON). BPON, EPON,
GPON and WDM-PON are in active
deployment. LR-PON is still a topic
for research. Super PON is an LR-
PON concept proposed by British
Telecom.
APON/BPON
APON, proposed by the Full
Service Access Network (FSAN)
group, is a kind of optical access
architecture to provide multiple
services over a single platform. To
express the broadband capability
of PON systems, FSAN renamed
A P O N a s B P O N . B P O N c a n
achieve up to 622 Mbps line rates,
and support features like dynamic
bandwidth allocation (DBA) and link
protection. BPON has gained market
acceptance in North America and
Western Europe. BPON standards are
defined in the G.983.x series of ITU-T
recommendations. But BPON also has
its disadvantages such as difficulty
in supporting services at OC-12 and
achieving equipment interoperability
between different vendors, as well as
complicated protocol transformation
required by ONU.
EPON
With the rapid development of
Internet and the extensive use of
it, IP-based network technologies
have become popular since 2000.
In order to support IP services, the
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet working group
established the 802.3ah Ethernet in
the First Mile (EFM) task force at the
end of 2001 with EPON as one of its
objectives. The advantages of EPON
include the use of IP as the datalink
layer protocol, which eliminates
ATM and SDH layers; low cost; high
maintainability; easy upgrade and
more. The disadvantages of EPON
are its low efficiency and poor ability
in supporting non-IP services such
as TDM and traditional voice.
The currently acceptable price of
EPON facilitates its widespread
deployment.
GPON
When EPON standardization
was under way, FSAN began to
work on 1Gbps GPON, which
was subsequently ratified by the
ITU-T under the G.984.x group of
standards. GPON provides data rates
of up to 1.244 Gbps upstream and
up to 2.488 Gbps downstream, and
supports a maximum logical reach
of 60 km–much longer than that of
EPON. Moreover, GPON has the
advantages of multi-service transport
with high efficiency, OAM&P
functionality and scalability.
GPON pays greater attention
to full access services and QoS
guarantee than EPON. Some top
class operators are looking at it
as the substitute for copper-based
broadband technologies.
I n a n e n d e avor t o a c h i eve
i n t e r o p e r a b i l i t y f o r G P O N
equipment, FSAN has hosted
a p r o g r e s s i o n o f G P O N
i n t e r o p e r a b i l i t y t e s t e v e n t s .
Currently, FSAN is focusing on
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
9

Tech Feature
developing G.984.enh and G.984.
ext standards. The purpose of G.984.
enh is to introduce WDM-PON into
GPON without changing the GPON
architecture; and the purpose of G.984.
ext is to increase the transmission
distance of GPON without changing
the GPON ODN architecture.
WDM-PON
WDM-PON is another blend of
PON. While BPON, EPON and GPON
are limited in their transmission
distance, splitting ratio and uplink
bandwidth, WDM-PON can solve the
aforementioned issues.
It employs a separate wavelength
channel from the OLT to each ONU,
enabling the delivery of 100 Mbps
(or more) of dedicated bandwidth per
subscriber. Furthermore, WDM-PON
can support any future bandwidth
upgrade without altering the physical
infrastructure.
Korea Telecom is a prominent
carrier user of WDM-PON. It launched
the world’s first commercial FTTH
services in Pusan and Guanju in 2005
based on WDM-PON equipment from
Novera Optics. Some operators are
beginning to ponder over the migration
from GPON to WDM-PON.
However, WDM-PON is still not
ready for wide-scale deployment
for the following reasons: lack of
international standard, little effort
on the vendor ’s end, immature
technologies of devices such as
chipset, optical module and broad
optical source. It seems that WDM-
PON will not be widely used before
2010.
LR-PON
The LR-PON concept, raised by the
European IST project, is to migrate
the current GPON towards a 10 Gbps,
multi-wavelength, high bandwidth and
long reach (up to 100 km) PON. LR-
PON combines the access network
and the metro network into a single
system, and substitutes power supply
nodes with passive nodes, which
can optimize network architecture,
reduce OPEX, save fiber and enable
convenient management.
British Telecom is leading the
research and development of LR-
PON. It put forward the concept of
Super PON based on the geographic
environments in the UK. Super PON
has a bit rate of 10 Gbps, a reach of
up to 100 km and a 1024 splitting
ratio. In order to support long distance
transmission, it adopts multi-layer
passive splitter for high splitting ratio,
and optical amplifier for additional loss
compensation.
Although it has been the focus of
significant attention, LR-PON is still
under theoretical research.
Conclusion
From the development process of
xPON, several trends can be observed:
● More and more bandwidth is
required as time goes by; thus, new
technologies are needed to cater to
the demands of end users with new
bandwidth-intensive uses. Fiber to
the home (FTTH) is the ultimate
solution.
● Provision of services becomes
more flexible; more services can be
delivered by the architectures based
on new technologies; and equipment
compatibility is increasing for
longer lifecycle.
● A longer transmission distance is
achieved. An OLT accommodates
more and more users and the
splitting ratio becomes higher and
higher.
● There is also a trend towards
centralized management to save
on network operational costs and
human resources.
The xPON technology has gained
much interest in the past years as it
can meet the escalating demand for
bandwidth-intensive services. As one of
the leading providers in the PON field
and a member of FSAN, ZTE keeps
up with the development of xPON
technology. It has launched EPON/
GPON products into the market, and
is also doing some research on WDM-
PON and LR-PON.
10 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

ZTE’s Multi-Service
Access Solutions
Jiang Xiaolin
Introduction
The concept of access network
emerged in the 1990s. ZTE
is one of the few companies who
firstly provided access solutions and
products. From narrowband access to
broadband access, from copper-based
xDSL access to fiber-based passive
optical network (xPON) access, and
from supporting V5 protocol for
PSTN-based voice service to H.248
protocol for NGN-based VoIP service,
ZTE’s Multi-Service Access Network
(MSAN) products are constantly
developing, catering to the fast
development of telecommunications.
Now, ZTE has already grown up to
be a mainstream provider of MSAN
solution and products in the world,
and its MSAN solution has played a
big role during the transition period of
telecom networks.
ZTE’s MSAN solution has flexible
applications at both the subscriber
and uplink sides. At the subscriber
side, it is adaptable to different
kinds of subscriber access, including
POTS, ISDN, DDN, SHDSL, ADSL/
ADSL2/2+, VDSL/VDSL2, EPON/
GPON, FE/GE and even WiMAX for
both legacy narrowband and emerging
broadband services. At the uplink side,
it can support different kinds of upper
layer service networks, such as PSTN
or NGN for legacy services, and ATM
or IP networks for broadband services.
Aggregating multiple technologies into
a single platform, the solution enables
operators to offer multiple services,
including legacy voice services,
emerging data services, as well as
challenging applications like IPTV.
Therefore, the ZTE MSAN system
is an integrated platform for multiple
access types and multiple services.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
11

Tech Feature
MSAN for PSTN
Figure 1 shows traditional PSTN
solution using ZTE’s MSAN system. It
can be seen that ZTE’s MSAN system
can support legacy and broadband
services access technologies. In this
solution, MSAN connects to PSTN
network via V5 interface for the
delivery of TDM-based voice services;
MSAN connects to ATM or IP core
network for data services. The access
network structure, as shown in Figure 1,
can be a traditional optical line terminal
(OLT)-optical network unit (ONU) link
or an ONU with a direct connection to
the PSTN. In the OLT-ONU structure,
the built-in Multi-Service Transport
Platform (MSTP) will be used for
service transmission. The ONU can
almost be deployed anywhere to realize
fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) because of the
flexible networking capability of the
built-in MSTP.
The PSTN solution is suitable for
an operator who hasn’t started the
evolution to NGN or whose conditions
are not mature enough for wide
application of NGN. The OLT or ONU
can be smoothly upgraded to an access
Town
V5
ONU:U300
DSL
PSTN/DDN
FE/GE
Figure 1 PSTN solution with V5 interface
ONU
Enterprise
ONU
DSL
V5
INTERNET
gateway in the future, protecting
operators’ existing investments.
MSAN as Access Gateway for NGN
Figure 2 shows ZTE’s MSAN
serving as an access gateway for
NGN. To provide NGN IP-based voice
services, voice is converted from TDM
to IP format at the MSAN. ZTE can
provide a series of access gateway
products to meet different application
capacity requirements. They include
the medium capacity ZXMSG5200,
which can support up to 1,856
POTS lines, and the large capacity
ZXMSG5600, which can support up to
23,040 POTS lines. The provision of
data services is the same in both PSTN
and NGN solutions.
Built-in MSTP to Extend NGN
Solution
The ZXMSG5600, which works as a
large capacity access gateway for local
subscriber access, can also be used to
connect to remote access units ONUs
through the built-in MSTP, extending
the reach of NGN to the region where
the metro network has no coverage.
MSTP/RPR
ONU
FE/GE
OLT:T600
ONU
ONU
DSL
Countryside
POTS
ADSL/ADSL2/2+
VDSL/VDSL2
EPON/GPON
SHDSL
FE/GE
ISDN PRI/BRI
V.24/V.35
Figure 2 MSAN as access gateway in NGN
This solution helps operators implement
NGN even when their metro networks
are not widely distributed. Moreover,
as the built-in MSTP supports flexible
networking topologies like ring, star
and chain, operators can deploy remote
access units ONUs anywhere to offer
narrowband and broadband access
services.
DSL
OLT Upgraded to Access Gateway
With the development of the IP
network and the maturity of NGN,
Voice over IP (VoIP) is becoming
more popular. ZTE’s MSAN can be
smoothly upgraded from the access
equipment used in PSTN to the access
gateway used in NGN, to keep up
with future development requirements
while protecting operators’ existing
investments.
NMS
APP Server
Soft Switch
IP CORE
H.248 H.248
ZXMSG
5200
FE
DSL
ZXMSG
5600
ZTE’s MSAN adopts the TDM
& IP dual-bus architecture, which
facilitates an easy upgrade from the V5
model to the H.248/MGCP model for
the provision of VoIP services. Both
the OLT and ONU can be upgraded
to an access gateway. Operators can
choose one of the solutions according
to their own network conditions. The
FE
12
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

migration from TDM voice services to
VoIP services will not affect broadband
access services.
The upgrade of an OLT to a
ZXMSG5600 access gateway is actually
very simple and convenient. VoIP media
processing cards need to be added to
realize TDM-to-IP voice conversion; the
software of main control cards needs to
be upgraded to process H.248/MGCP
and to realize connection with NGN.
The OLT upgrade solution does not
need to change any of the hardware or
software of ONU nodes, so it requires
less workload and has less impact on
the network than the ONU upgrade
solution. It is applicable when metro
networks haven’t covered the ONU
sites yet, or when NGN construction is
in the initial stage.
ONU Upgraded to Access Gateway
With the maturity of NGN and the
wide coverage of metro network, an
ONU can be upgraded to an integrated
access media gateway, which can be
accomplished in the same way as an
OLT upgrade. Compared with the OLT
upgrade solution, the ONU upgrade
solution can realize end-to-end VoIP,
simplifying the network structure.
Higher Bandwidth Solution with
VDSL2 & EPON
ZTE’s MSAN is an integrated
access platform both for narrowband
and broadband connectivity. With the
development of access technology,
copper-based VDSL2 and fiber-based
xPON will become the mainstream
choices in the near future. VDSL2
includes the advanced features of
VDSL and ADSL2+. It can provide
symmetrical bandwidth of up to 100
Mbps within 1000 feet, and achieve
8-10 Mbps (downstream) for a 3 km
distance. EPON supports symmetric
data rates of up to 1.25 Gbps.
ZTE is the first vendor to integrate
VDSL2 and EPON into its MSAN
system. Both VDSL2 and EPON line
cards can be mix-inserted in ZTE
MSAN system to offer higher bandwidth
services to customers.
Perfect IPTV Services Support
ZTE’s MSAN is a triple-play
ready platform that supports flexible
service provisioning. It can offer
perfect support for IPTV services with
features such as Gigabit Ethernet per
slot, 3-level multicast replication, and
enhanced multicast protocol support.
In addition, the software package for
IPTV service management system can
realize functions like Channel Access
Control (CAC), channel previewing
(PRV), and Call Detail Record (CDR).
Conclusion
Based on advanced IP & TDM dual
bus architecture, ZTE’s MSAN can
deliver both traditional and emerging
services from basic telephony to IPTV
over a variety of access technologies.
It is a flexible solution which can
be deployed in different situations.
It supports the migration of legacy
services to new networks, as well as
introduces news applications over
emerging access technologies. It is an
integrated access platform that enables
operators to glide from traditional
service to triple play services, and to
remain competitive in the world of
communications.
ZTE Inks MSAN Deal with Telekom Malaysia
June 28, 2007
ZTE today announced that Telekom Malaysia
has selected ZTE to deploy a nationwide
Multiple Service Access Network (MSAN) network.
The contract win, constituting 70% market share,
signifies another great advance for ZTE in the
Southeast Asia.
“ZTE MSAN solution has adopted an All-IP core
network infrastructure with versatile access modes,
flexible networking structure and can be upgraded to
Multiple Service Access Gateway (MSAG) in NGN
network. It also provides an economic and smooth
network evolution roadmap for TM’s NGN network,”
said Mr Xu Ming, GM of ZTE Wireline Products.
ZTE’s cooperation with Telekom Malaysia
dates back to 2003 when ZTE provided TM with
broadband terminals and value-added services.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
13

Tech Feature
The mobile version of WiMAX
(WiMAX 16e), which enables
mobility through wireless broadband,
is about to make a major impact on
the telecoms industry. The WiMAX
Forum, dedicated to certifying the
interoperability of WiMAX products,
involves all sectors of the industry
including terminals, chips and
equipment manufacturers; telecom
operators; and service providers. This
will accelerate the introduction of
WiMAX 16e into the marketplace. It
can be forecasted that WiMAX 16e will
play a critical role in the future wireless
broadband communication field.
ZTE WiMAX
Development Status
Liu Min
ZTE, a WiMAX Leader
As one of the earliest telecom
manufacturer conducting WiMAX
research in the world, ZTE initiated
the WiMAX research project in San
Diego, USA, in 2002, and set WiMAX
as one of the core directions for
next-generation wireless technology
research and development.
The company now excels in the
field of WiMAX with a series of
brilliant achievements. It is the first
Chinese vendor to be one of the
15 board members of the WiMAX
Forum; and it took the lead to put
forward the concept of a carrierclass
WiMAX network. In terms
of standard development, ZTE has
actively participated in standardization
activities of IEEE: several experts
are members of the IEEE802 group;
multiple basic patents were adopted
i n t o t h e I E E E 8 0 2 . 1 6 s e r i e s o f
standards; and more than 200 proposals
were taken by the IEEE802.16 and the
WiMAX Forum.
I n C h i n a , Z T E h a s a l s o
actively participated in Chinese
C o m m u n i c a t i o n s S t a n d a r d s
Association (CCSA) activities. ZTE is
the major force in the formulation of
IEEE802.16d series of standards, and,
as a major vendor, it is now developing
the IEEE802.16e series of standards
together with other members. It can
be said that ZTE has grown from
a standard follower into a standard
leader in the WiMAX field.
In February 2007, ZTE became the
biggest winner of the public bidding
for the terminal part of Sprint Nextel’s
WiMAX project. Under the agreement,
14
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

ZTE will supply Sprint with WiMAX
PC cards in express and USB form
factors and modems. This company
milestone signifies that ZTE is at the
top ranks in the WiMAX industry.
During the 2007 Spring Intel
Developer Forum held in Beijing,
ZTE displayed several terminal
m o d e l s , a s w e l l a s t h e R 0 2 E
(20L/20Kg)–the most compact and
lightest macro-cell base station
in the industry. This R02E model
supports advanced technologies such
as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
(MIMO). It can achieve at least 3dB
better performance, and it can fully
solve the problem of limited reverse
link coverage in urban areas.
Advantages of ZTE WiMAX Products
and Solutions
Z T E b e g a n t o d e v o t e l a r g e
investments for WiMAX since
2001, and has developed a full set of
WiMAX products, including terminals,
base stations, and core network
access gateways. Terminals come in
many forms, including the PCMCIA
cards for notebook computer users,
indoor modems, home gateways and
mobile phones. The WiMAX base
station employs MIMO antenna
technology, adaptive code modulation,
and a flexible sub-channel allocation
mechanism.
ZTE took the lead in bringing
flexible network solutions (centralized
and distributed networking modes),
w h i c h p r o v i d e n e w w a y s o f
constructing wireless broadband
networks, to the market.
The advantages of ZTE WiMAX
products and solutions include the
following:
● Open architecture
Z T E ’ s W i M A X s y s t e m i s
interoperable with WiMAX Forum
certified equipment. It can support
all features required in the WiMAX
Forum Wave 2 certification; it can
also evolve to the next generation
standard (16m). Moreover, the
interface between the Baseband
Unit and Remote Radio Unit
(RRU) is based on the Open Base
Station Standard Initiative (OBSAI)
standard.
● High-performance ASN-GW
I t s Wi M A X A c c e s s S e r v i c e
Network-Gateway (ASN-GW)
is based on ZTE’s CDMA2000/
WCDMA/TD-SCDMA universal
platform, which facilitates easy
2G/3G/IMS network convergence.
A single cabinet can accommodate
1.25 million users.
● Modular design
ZTE’s WiMAX products support
flexible and scalable system
configuration. The modular Micro
Telecom Computing Architecture
(MicroTCA) solution can support
Long Term Evolution (LTE), Ultra
Mobile Broadband (UMB) baseband
with a software upgrade, yielding
better return on investment.
● Carrier-grade network
ZTE’s robust WiMAX system
is capable of supporting carriergrade
networking. It can provide
Q o S a s s u r a n c e b y a d o p t i n g
future-oriented technologies such
as MIMO, as well as multiple
applications (fixed, portable,
nomadic and mobile).
● Professional network planning and
optimization
ZXPOS, a professional foreground
test software, is especially designed
f o r 2 G / 3 G / Wi M A X w i r e l e s s
networks. It is very suitable for
network performance test and
optimization, as well as quality tests
on base stations and terminals.
● Full series of BSs
ZTE provides a full series of BSs
including distributed macro-BS,
micro-BS, outdoor micro-BS, home
BS and integrated BS, thus meeting
the requirements for seamless
extended coverage.
● End-to-end solution
ZTE’s WiMAX system is an
integrated one that ranges from ASN
elements to terminals. The system
provides strong service access
capability: access to the legacy IN
network via the Parlay Gateway
platform, and to the new multimedia
system via the IMS core.
● Worldwide customer services
platforms
ZTE’s global customer service
center provides customers with
24/7 technical support, making
it possible to give on-the-spot
assistance to onsite troubleshooting
issues.
ZTE’s WiMAX solutions provide
significant advantages such as serialized
BSs, modular design, and all-IP
architecture. Now, the development of
Mobile WiMAX technology has come
to a critical stage, and the company
is ready to meet the challenges and
achieve greater success.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 15

Tech Feature
ZTE’s Achievements in
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
Li Zongzheng, Li Min
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Evolution
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is one of
the mainstream 3G standards.
It was standardized by 3GPP2,
in the year 2000, as a part of the
CDMA2000 family of standards,
and was later recognized as a 3G
IMT-2000 standard by ITU.
The progression of CDMA2000
1 x E V- D O i n v o l v e s d i ff e r e n t
evolutionary steps such as Rel. 0, Rev.
A, Rev. B, Ultra Mobile Broadband
(UMB) and UMB+. EV-DO Rel. 0 and
Rev. A are currently available from
many networks across the globe.
The Rel. 0 system provides a peak
data rate of 2.4 Mbps on the forward
link and 153.6 kbps on the reverse link
within a 1.25 MHz carrier. The system
can support high-speed download
applications such as VoD and FTP.
The Rev. A system delivers a peak
data rate of 1.8 Mbps on the reverse
link and 3.1 Mbps on the forward link
within the same 1.25 MHz carrier. The
technology improvements introduced
with Rev. A also include lower latency
and enhanced QoS support.
Evolving from Rev. A, EV-DO
Rev. B delivers peak rates of 73.5
Mbps in the forward link and 27 Mbps
in the reverse link when 15 channels are
combined within a 20 MHz bandwidth,
thus improving spectrum efficiency
and reducing cost per megabyte. It is
the first phase of the CDMA2000 Air
Interface Evolution (AIE) plan, and
is fully backward compatible with
existing Rel. 0 and Rev. A devices.
UMB is a beyond 3G (B3G)
technology that allows mobile speeds
of up to 280 Mbps downstream. As
the second phase of CDMA2000
AIE, UMB has gained considerable
16
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

attention, and will be commercially
available in the next few years.
ZTE, Closely Following the
Development of EV-DO Standard
Since the inception of the EV-
DO standard, ZTE has been actively
participating in EV-DO standardmaking
activities. Not long after the
release of the EV-DO standard, ZTE
became the first vendor in China to
successfully develop the Rel. 0 system,
and unveiled it at the Hong Kong 3G
Summit in 2002.
In 2004, ZTE’s CDMA2000 1xEV-
DO system successively passed the
field test of network performance,
and the lab test of the RF parameter
organized by China’s Ministry of
Information Industry (MII).
ZTE has always demonstrated the
leadership position in EV-DO Rev. A.
It started researching the Rev. A system
in 2004, and completed the system
development in 2005.
The company is now actively
i n v o l v e d i n t h e r e s e a r c h a n d
development of the EV-DO Rev. B and
UMB technologies and products.
Outstanding Performance of ZTE’s
EV-DO System
ZTE’s CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
mobile communications system
offers many advantages such as full
compatibility, large capacity, and high
integration and serialized products.
ZTE’s CDMA2000 1X, EV-DO
Rel. 0 and EV-DO Rev. A systems
are all based on the universal all-
IP platform. The all-IP architecture
ensures backward compatibility and
a smooth evolution path from 1X
to EV-DO systems. Their baseband
processing modules are different,
but they can be inserted into the
same BTS, thus enabling a smooth
and low-cost upgrade to the Rev. A
system from the 1X or Rel. 0 system.
The flexible combination of 1X
and EV-DO Rel. 0/EV-DO Rev. A
carriers is permitted, meeting various
requirements for networking.
ZTE’s BSC supports a maximum 6
Gbps data throughput, which not only
satisfies the current wireless broadband
services requirements, but also allows
room for future service growth.
ZTE’s Rev. A system introduces the
enhanced multi-flow technology, which
considerably improves the transmission
efficiency at the air link, enabling the
system to support large-capacity VoIP
services. The system also supports the
delivery of Gold Broadcast and Multicast
Service (BCMCS) at 409.6 kbps/sector.
Moreover, it takes the lead in employing
Pilot Interference Cancellation (PIC) and
Boomer Cell functions. PIC supports
more VoIP users by reducing interference
from the pilot signal on the reverse link
while the Boomer Cell function enables
a theoretical maximum coverage radius
of 256 km.
ZTE has developed a series of
BTS products including the micro
BTS, macro BTS and outdoor BTS to
address various application scenarios,
offering tailor-made solutions to
operators and reducing their capital
expenditure.
With its cutting-edge technology and
outstanding equipment performance,
ZTE has made remarkable achievements
in global CDMA markets. ZTE’s
CDMA products have been deployed
in more than 70 countries for over
120 operators, and its CDMA system
subscriber capacity has exceeded 100
million lines. In the first half of 2007
alone, ZTE has already shipped about
12,000 sets of CDMA base stations.
This figure represents a remarkable
240% increase compared to the same
period last year.
In 2006, ZTE rolled out the world’s first
commercial release of an all-IP
CDMA2000 based on IOS V5.0, and
deployed two commercial CDMA2000
1xEV-DO Rev. A networks in Mongolia
and in the Czech Republic respectively.
To date, ZTE has built over 50
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO commercial or
trial networks in more than 40 countries
including the USA, Norway, Czech
Republic, Mongolia, the Philippines,
Indonesia and Morocco. These
achievements placed ZTE at the top
rank among CDMA equipment vendors.
Conclusion
ZTE has maintained its leadership
position when its CDMA system
e v o l v e d f r o m 1 S - 9 5 , t h r o u g h
CDMA2000 1X and EV-DO Rel. 0, to
EV-DO Rev. A. With its independent
R&D and innovation, as well as its
rich experience in CDMA network
construction, ZTE can help operators
build the most advanced and reliable
EV-DO wireless broadband networks
that can significantly improve user
experience.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
17

Tech Feature
3G U n i v e r s a l M o b i l e
Telecommunication System
(UMTS) services are becoming
increasingly popular. By the end of June
2007, 3G/WCDMA are commercially
launched by 174 network operators
in 78 countries, and the majority
of WCDMA network operators are
deploying High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA) networks, the first
evolution of WCDMA. The number of
WCDMA subscriptions exceeds 136.5
million.
With the rapidly growing 3G
market, the competition in mobile
to enhance indoor coverage; diverting
indoor mobile traffic through fix access
networks to reduce the mobile network
capital expenditure; improving the
network QoS with interference
reduction; developing more attractive
tariff plans; controlling all services via
access points and be prepared for the
all-IP era; attracting end-users through
providing easier access.
ZTE’s Home NodeB Coverage Solution
ZTE has developed the UMTS
Home NodeB total solution, also called
UMTS Home Access (UHA) solution.
mobile access network Capex and
Opex as well as user management
costs. With reduced Capex and Opex,
operators can introduce competitive
tariff plans, to reduce customer churn
and encourage greater use of mobile
communications. The solution also
enables operators to integrate multiple
services into a single service, to cut
services costs and increase ARPU.
In other words, ZTE’s UMTS
Home NodeB offers a strong value
proposition to both consumers and
operators. As one of ZTE’s serialized
WCDMA products, it adopts the IP-
ZTE’s Home NodeB Solution
Wang Yong
services has been intensifying.
However, there is still a bottleneck in
the widespread use of UMTS access.
The high cost of high speed wireless
services prompts operators to seek new
approaches in 3G deployment.
Development Direction of Mobile
Market: Home Mobile GW
As data services gain increasing
popularity, the role of content provider
ascends greatly in the value chain.
To enhance their competitiveness,
integrated operators are converging
their fixed and mobile networks. Goals
considered to be of central importance
for integrated operators include:
deploying home mobile gateway (GW),
It is devoted to meeting the following
three market requirements:
● Improving indoor coverage at a
lower cost
● Providing high-speed, and flexible
data services
● S u p p o r t i n g f i x e d - m o b i l e
convergence (FMC)
From an end-user’s perspective,
deploying a Home NodeB provides
benefits such as one phone number, one
consolidated bill, one mailbox across all
terminals, ubiquitous mobile services
access, low charges for new services,
and the use of existing handsets.
For operators, the solution offer
them improved low-cost indoor
coverage, allowing them to reduce
based Iub interface and the Uu interface
defined in 3GPP specifications.
ZTE Home NodeB Development
Roadmap
The solution supports two kinds of
network architecture: in the first phase,
it is based on the domestic network
controller (DNC), and in the second
phase, it is based on the IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS) core network
architecture.
IMS, as the key enabler of FMC, is
the development trend. The IMS-based
Home NodeB solution has quite a
different architecture from the current
mobile network. The home base station
will act as a Session Initiation Protocol
18
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

(SIP) client while IMS provides QoS
guarantee at the transport layer. The
SIP server, as a core network element,
provides the control functions, and
in ZX HNodeB, both the user data
and signaling are converted into SIP
protocol, and are transported over IP.
Only a software upgrade is needed
to support IMS-based solution. The
legacy terminals can access the IMS
with a software upgrade.
Features of ZTE’s Home NodeB
Solution
ZTE’s Home NodeB solution
Secondly, ZTE’s Home NodeB
solution includes the high capacity,
all-IP DNC. So far, only ZTE’s DNC
adopts the all-IP platform. Its throughput
of 3.23G is much higher than those
of other vendors (less than 1G). It can
support HSDPA/HSUPA, which offers
data rates of up to 14.4 Mbps/5.76
Mbps, the highest among the vendors.
Thirdly, in this solution, the legacy
terminal can be compatible with IMS
network. When the network migrates
to an IMS-based infrastructure,
ZTE’s Home NodeB system can not
only support SIP termnials, but also
Application
ZTE Home NodeB is a solution not
only applicable to homes, but also to
Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME). For
SME application, the operator can utilize
the existing Ethernet LAN network to
connect all the Home NodeBs to DNC.
The Home NodeB network can
cooperate with the public macro
network. A UE can roam away from
Home NodeB to the range of the public
macro (micro) NodeB.
ZTE’s Home NodeB solution can
meet multiple requirements of operators
such as FMC, better indoor coverage,
is an end-to-end, flexible solution,
including synchronization, handover,
interference and mobility management,
authentication, billing, core network
signaling load and SIM embedded
application. In it, the traditional
listening channel is used for the
following functions: scanning the
signal of neighbor cells for automatic
s e l e c t i o n o f a s u i t a b l e c a r r i e r
frequency, automatic scrambling code
allocation by receiving the signals
of cells on the same frequency,
automatic neighbor cell planning for
a handover by recieving signals of
cells on different frequencies, and
clock synchronization by receiving the
signals of public macro cells.
legacy R99 handsets. Other vendors’
solutions only support SIP terminals.
With respect to the commercialization
roadmap, the market launch of ZTE
Home NodeB is 3-4 months earlier than
other venders.
and high rate data mobile service.
While introducing new technologies,
the solution guarantees the zero
touch for legacy network, increasing
competitiveness and profitability of
operators.
ZTE and Samsung Team up for Home NodeB R&D
February 12, 2007
ZTE has signed an agreement with Samsung to jointly work on the research
and development of WCDMA-based Home NodeB products.
“Home NodeB is part of the ZTE Next Generation Mobile Network solution.
We believe it will play a critical role in indoor telecoms access and become
increasingly important in the future evolution of 3G networks,” said Mr Ding
Mingfeng, Vice president of ZTE, “ZTE is investing heavily in WCDMA
technologies and this cooperation between ZTE and Samsung will definitely
provide customers with more competitive WCDMA products and solutions.”
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
19

Tech Feature
The Smallest Dual-Mode Pico BTS
Jiang Wen, Zhang Shuang
GSM, which penetrated more than
200 countries, has connected
more than 2.3 billion users. It is
estimated that 70% of all mobile call
traffic and 60% of all mobile data
traffic originate indoors. Therefore,
improving indoor coverage and the
capabilities of wireless voice and data
services became essential ways for
operators to attract new users.
ZTE has released its newest and
smallest dual-mode pico BTS–ZXG10
S8001. ZXG10 S8001 can be regarded
as an indoor wireless gateway that
satisfies indoor mobile coverage and
higher speed data communication
requirements. It supports all functions
of GERAN BTS, including EGPRS
function from MCS1 to MCS9, as well
as Wi-Fi access.
ZXG10 S8001 Highlights
The ZXG10 S8001 highlights
include the following:
Support for a wide range of
applications
ZXG10 S8001 is capable of handling
circuit-switched voice services (FR/
EFR/HR/AMR), circuit-switched data
services (9.6K/4.8K/2.4K full rate data
services), GPRS services (CS-1 through
CS-4 coding schemes), EGPRS services
(MCS1 through MCS9 modulation
coding schemes) and Unlicensed
Mobile Access services. Moreover, it
can support Wi-Fi with only a software
S8001
upgrade, easily meeting customers’
demand for a multifunctional BTS.
Advanced IP backhaul
ZXG10 S8001 provides IP-based
Abis interface, permitting various data
backhaul options. Abis over IP offers
the advantage of lower cost; IP backhaul
can maximize the transmission resource
utilization efficiency with its flexible
networking capability.
Safe and flexible power supply
ZXG10 S8001 can be powered
using a power adapter, a lithium battery
or Ethernet. The flexible power supply
solution meets different application
requirements in various scenarios.
Fast and easy installation
Because of its small physical
dimension and light weight, ZXG10
S8001 is very convenient to carry
and install. It can be wall or ceiling
mounted, or placed on a desk.
Smart frequency selection
ZXG10 S8001 can search available
frequencies automatically. If frequency
hopping is adopted, it can smartly
search broadcast control channel
(BCCH) frequencies and work at the
weakest one, which greatly reduces the
interference within GERAN network.
The increasing need to provide
indoor coverage has led to the
development of picocell base stations.
ZTE’s S8001 solution is attractive from
a number of view points including
its support for multiple applications,
power-over-Ethernet, IP backhaul, small
size, easy installation and automatic
frequency selection, which will enable
operators to enhance indoor coverage
efficiently and simply.
Home
Office
Underground parking lot
Application scenarios of S8001
20
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

TD-SCDMA and
GSM Networks
Convergence Solutions
Liu Min
With its numerous advantages
s u c h a s h i g h f r e q u e n c y
efficiency, higher data rate, and
rich data services, 3G technologies
received zealous market acceptance.
With the good coverage of the 2G
network, operators should capitalize
on the existing 2G infrastructure from
the very beginning of the 3G network
construction.
Time Division Synchronous Code
Division Multiple Access (TD-
SCDMA) is one of the three major
standards of 3G. The co-existence and
combination of TD-SCDMA and GSM
networks has become the primary
focus for many network operators.
Based on accumulated technical
expertise and field experience, ZTE
proposed its unique TD-SCDMA/GSM
radio network convergence solutions
according to operators’ requirements.
Main Principles of Network
Convergence
W h e n d e s i g n i n g t h e h y b r i d
networking solution, the interoperation
between GSM and TD-SCDMA
networks must comply with the
following principles:
● Take TD-SCDMA network as the
upgrade and evolution of GSM
network.
● Lessen the effect of TD-SCDMA/
GSM interoperation on GSM
network to the lowest degree, and
try to avoid or reduce the upgrade
of existing GSM/GPRS network to
ensure the stability of the network.
● Decrease the number of intern
e t w o r k h a n d o v e r s a n d c e l l
reselections to ensure the continuity
of services and to alleviate the
signaling traffic load.
● Due to the partial coverage of the
TD-SCDMA network, the TD-
SCDMA to GSM unidirectional
voice handover function must be
supported to deliver continuous
voice services.
● For data services, TD-SCDMA
subscribers must stay on the
network as much as possible; if they
are out of the TD-SCDMA coverage
area, the handover time must be
as short as possible to ensure
consistency of service delivery.
● While developing TD-SCDMAbased
services, operators should
consider using the extensive GSM
coverage to expand the TD-SCDMA
service portfolio.
● Allow users to keep the same
number, even the same SIM card,
when they migrate from the GSM
network to the TD-SCDMA network
Based on these rules, ZTE brought
about two solutions for TD-SCDMA/
GSM network convergence: dual-card
& dual-standby and single-card &
single-standby.
Dual-Card & Dual-Standby
This solution emphasizes the
techniques of terminals. The dual-card
& dual-standby terminal is to integrate
GSM and TD-SCDMA terminals’
hardware and software into a handset
while utilizing mature chipsets. From
the perspective of the network, an extra
gateway for translating the addresses
between two networks, which has little
impact on the existing radio and core
networks, needs to be added.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 21

Tech Feature
Single Card & Single Standby
With the single card & single standby
solution, 2G subscribers don’t need to
change cards or numbers as they migrate
to the 3G network. This mode has the
following requirements on network
upgrade:
Convergence requirement
Now, the commonly accepted
convergence principle is “unidirectional
h a n d o v e r , b i d i r e c t i o n a l c e l l
reselection”. It takes the GSM network
conditions, costs and risks into account.
It is a compromised solution that
supports terminal handover from a TD-
SCDMA network to a GSM network,
but not vice versa. The cell reselection
is bidirectional.
Network upgrade requirement
In addition to the “unidirectional
h a n d o v e r , b i d i r e c t i o n a l c e l l
r e s e l e c t i o n ” r e q u i r e m e n t , t h e
configuration of interoperation
parameters is also a key issue for
network convergence.
Network interoperation is about
network selection in hybrid networking,
Table 1 Effect of LAI setting on network selection
Networking
condition
Location
update
Paging
Same LAI
Hybrid networking
using the same MSC
No location update
with cell reselection
Simultaneously send
paging messages to
GSM & TD cells
Same PLMN
and inter-network handover and
reselection in the service connection
procedure.
● PLMN setting
I n T D - S C D M A / G S M h y b r i d
networking, the two networks can
adopt the same or different Public
Land Mobile Network (PLMN) IDs.
Operators usually choose to cover
hot spots during the early stages of the
TD-SCDMA network construction,
it will lead to frequent inter-network
handover or reselection, and heavy
signaling traffic load. Under such a
situation, it is better to adopt the same
PLMN ID.
● LAI setting
If the GSM and TD-SCDMA radio
networks adopt the same PLMN ID,
they can be configured to have either
the same or different Location Area
Identities (LAIs); otherwise, their LAIs
must be different.
From Table 1, it can be seen that the
same PLMN with different LAIs is the
best choice.
Different LAIs for two networks can
help lower the capacity requirement
on paging channel and shorten the
Different LAIs
None
A location update
corresponding to
each cell reselection
No redundancy for
paging channel
Different PLMNs
None
A location update
corresponding to
each cell reselection
No redundancy for
paging channel
paging period; it can also enable
flexible networking. In the early stage
of TD-SCDMA network construction,
when continuous partial coverage is
provided, both the GSM and the TD-
SCDMA networks can adopt different
LAIs, and there is no need to readjust
the existing GSM LAIs. On the other
hand, the location updates will only
be performed at the boundary of the
TD-SCDMA network, exerting little
impact on the network traffic load.
● Cell selection, reselection and
handover
Cell selection, reselection and
handover involve the setting of
numerous parameters, which must be
obtained through operational testing.
Conclusion
The two convergence solutions
mentioned above represent different
service models. Compared to the dualcard
& dual-standby solution, the
single-card & single-standby solution is
much more complex. While the former
solution doesn’t require designing a
dedicated chipset (its technicality lies
in the design of terminal structure), the
latter solution emphasizes the design
of a chipset that can offer the dualmode
support. The latter solution also
involves large network readjustments,
and heavy work on setting parameters
related to network interoperation.
ZTE is ready to help provide the
most suitable GSM/TD-SCDMA
convergence solution that takes network
conditions and service features in the 3G
era into account, thus lowering CAPEX
for operators.
22
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

ZTE’s IP over WDM Solution
Zhang Lian
Development Trend of IP Network
Since the global information
industry transitioned from peak
growth to stable growth, the market
competition got fiercer than ever.
Faced with the changing competition
patterns, operators need to adjust their
strategies in a timely manner to achieve
successful transformation. Service
transformation is vital to operators’
transformation, whereas developing
new services is a key driver of service
growth. Service transformation will
drive network transformation since
networks are required to implement
more competitive intelligent services.
Therefore, new network models (3G,
NGN, IPTV, and etc.) have become
the focal points that guide operators’
research and investment.
Currently, 3G, NGN and IPTV
services can be carried by the IP-based
multi-service platform. With the move
towards IP-based services and transport,
the IP network has to accommodate the
increased volume of Internet usage as
well as to bear advanced services like
3G, NGN, IPTV and VPN. More and
more challenges for IP network come
forth accordingly, such as how to bear
high quality services, how to transform
itself into a telecom-level integrated
service platform, and etc.
As telecoms infrastructure is entering
the new era of IP, more emphasis will
be placed on constructing an IP bearer
network that can carry carrier-class
services.
IP Bearer Network for Carrier-Class
Services
Comparison between IP over
WDM and IP over ASON/MSTP
There has been a bit of controversy
over which technology should be
applied in the IP over transmission
network. Table 1 shows the comparison
between IP over MSTP/ASON and IP
over WDM.
From Table 1, it can be seen that
interfacing IP directly over WDM has
irreplaceable advantages in terms of
available bandwidth, service granularity
and bearing efficiency. IP over WDM
also offers networking and capacity
expansion advantages. Therefore, IP
over WDM technology is the first
choice to construct an IP bearer network
for bearing telecom-level service.
ZTE’s IP over WDM Solution
ZTE’s IP over WDM solution
has the following advantages and
characteristics:
Highly-efficient bearing capability:
multi-service convergence and
access
ZTE’s IP over WDM solution
supports full-service access, and SDH
or low-rate data traffic aggregation.
Flexible dispatching: ZTE’s WDM
dispatching scheme
● ZTE’s ROADM system allows
operators to implement a variety of
network topologies like chain, ring,
mesh and multi-ring, thus satisfying
their varying demands.
● The DWDM General Service Switch
Platform (GSS) is composed of
customer-side aggregation, line-side
Table 1 A comparison between IP over MSTP/ASON and IP over WDM
IP over MSTP/ASON
IP over WDM
Available bandwidth 10Gbps 1.6Tbps
Service granularity VC4 Wavelength or subwavelength
Transmission transparency Rather high High
Transport efficiency Low (8×GE) High
CAPEX
High investment in
early-and late-stages
High initial investment and low
late-stage investment
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
23

Tech Feature
aggregation, and clock/cross-connect dispatching, when coupled with
units. The client-side aggregation the ROADM, which supports
unit can offer eight simultaneous wavelength dispatching, enables
tributary channels with each channel the WDM equipment to implement
supporting a variety of client-side X-ADM functionality.
signals including GE, FC, DVB and
FICON. The line-side aggregation Reliability: leading optical-layer
unit has four STM-16 signals with protection schemes
each signal having one working and Since 2001, ZTE has installed longhaul
backbone, provincial backbone
one protection channel (1+1). These
signals are connected to the clock/ and metropolitan networks, transporting
cross-connect unit after transmission IP services with various service
through the backplane, realizing interfaces such as FE, GE, 10GE, 2.5G
the eight-channel traffic access, POS and 10GE POS. Since 2002, the
convergence and cross-connection. industry-leading optical channel shared
● GSS, which supports subwavelength protection technology has found wide
Core Node A
Core Node B
Figure 1 Application model 1
Core Node A
Figure 2 Application model 2
Model 1
Model 2
Core Node B
application in provincial backbone
and metro networks, providing mature
and stable protection functions at the
optical layer.
ZTE’s WDM transmission equipment
allows 1+1/1:1 multiplex section
protection, 1+1/1:1/1:N optical channel
protection, 2-fiber bidirectional
multiplex section shared protection
ring, 2-fiber bidirectional channel
shared protection ring. Among them,
2-fiber bidirectional channel shared
ring protection is ZTE’s patented
technology and has been accepted as
an international standard.
ZTE’s IP over WDM Application Models
ZTE’s IP over WDM solution
has found many applications. It has
two main application models as
demonstrated below:
Application model 1 is a dualhoming
architecture with two adjacent
core nodes (Figure 1).
Application model 2 is a dualhoming
architecture with two nonadjacent
core nodes (Figure 2).
Widely deployed in current metro
networks, ring typologies are proven to
have inherent survivability. Meanwhile,
the ring-based network ensures a
high level of reliability with mature
protection technologies at the optical
layer. The IP over WDM network
planning solution should try to locate
these two core nodes away from each
other to enable even distribution of
traffic. When the traffic load on the
network tends to get evenly distributed,
a optical channel shared protection ring
will give fuller play to its wavelength
saving advantage.
24 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

An Overview of the Construction of
a Carrier-Class Video
Supervision System
Zhai Weidong, Shi Wenmiao
The carrier-class video supervision
system is based on the carriers’
broadband network, and it enables
industrial users (e.g., police officers)
to remotely collect, transmit, store
and process various images and alarm
signals, helping them make decisions.
Moreover, the system interconnects
dispersed and independent image
collection points through the network,
realizing unified cross-regional
management and sharing of resources.
System Architecture
The whole system consists of three
parts: the video supervision center
service platform, the front-end unit and
the client unit. The system architecture
is illustrated in Figure 1.
● Supervision center service platform:
It is the core of the system and
is composed of database servers,
central management servers, Web
servers, AAA servers, video access
servers, video forwarding servers
and video storage servers.
● Front-end unit: It is composed of
cameras, alarm probes and video
multimedia access units (DVR or
DVS).
● Client unit: It is an operation
platform through which users
can browse videos and do the
supervision.
System Security
Platform stability
The supervision center service
platform is suggested to use the
double-network & double-routing
mechanism to ensure high network
security. The system should adopt the
Video
supervision
station
Database
server
Status
server
Web Central
server management
server
Central
management
service desk
Central management
platform
Storage
platform Forwarding Access
platform platform
Distribution/Storage
platform
AAA
server
IP network
Figure 1 Video supervision system architecture
video load balancing and key servers
cluster mechanisms, as well as isolate
the media stream from the signaling
stream to ensure the highly efficient
isolation mechanism of the system.
Platform security
Software and hardware firewalls can
be installed to guarantee the system’s
security.
Data security
Besides meeting basic requirements
Enterprise
console
Remote client
VIP customer
supervision center
Display wall
(TV wall)
Digital display
terminal
Alarm speaker
Multimedia
access unit
Supervision point 1
Multimedia
access unit
Alarm speaker
Supervision point N
Camera Camera
Alarm probe
Alarm probe
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 25

Tech Feature
such as anti-illegal attack, anti-illegal
intrusion and anti-virus, the system
security mechanism should also ensure
that only legal users can access and
use the video supervision services, and
that only they can manage the frontend
devices of the supervision points
set by themselves, and view the images
from the authorized supervision points,
and their video files cannot be secretly
viewed by other users or even a system
administrator.
System Reliability
High reliability is also an important
index to evaluate the carrier-class
video supervision platform. To
guarantee its reliability, the platform
should use cluster technology for the
core servers of the supervision center,
modular software modules and multilayer
distributed system architecture,
and a kernel with self-diagnosis and
self-recovery functions.
Network Traffic Guarantee
Since the video supervision services
are carried by the Wide Area Networks
(WAN), it is necessary to introduce
certain mechanisms to overcome
problems such as network delay,
congestion and jitter. Network bandwidth
is unbalanced, which may cause network
fluctuation. Therefore, the system should
implement the self-adaptive management
for video code stream.
Firstly, the system should make
sure that the network jitter of a single
point in video transmission will not
affect the transmission of other points.
Secondly, two basic policies should be
provided for video transmission. One
policy is “smooth transmission first
while ensuring real-time transmission”.
“Smooth transmission first” means that
the system shall provide a buffering
mechanism, and the size of the buffer
will be dynamically allocated according
to the network situations. Buffering
will result in a delay, so the system
also offers the “ensuring real-time
transmission” mechanism. The system
should also support the key frame
transmission policy, that is, only key
frames are transferred when there is
a small bandwidth. Thus, the video is
visible even if the network conditions
are poor.
Requirements on Suppliers
As a brand-new operation service
system, the supervision system puts
higher requirements on the supplier.
Selecting a strategic partner as the
qualified supplier of supervision
systems is a problem that needs
thorough consideration.
In general, a qualified provider
of the carrier-class video platform
should fully understand all critical
requirements of an operation system,
and easily adapt itself to the carriers’
service management modes. It should
possess rich experience in developing
carrier-class platform, in dealing with
industrial users, and in deploying
multiple carrier-class products. It should
be capable of providing a full suite of
video supervision products, powerful
R&D strength and rich engineering
experience to support the development
of system services. Moreover, its system
must be capable of integrating with the
existing and future services such as 3G
streaming, IPTV, NGN, and etc., and
must be proven in practice.
Conclusion
The carrier-class supervision system
implements multiple mechanisms
to ensure its reliability, security and
stable performance. It is a milestone
in the development of the security and
protection industry, and it puts greater
challenges to the suppliers. ZTE, with
deep technical accumulation, can
provide a carrier-class supervision
system for a broad range of industrial
segments, and it is expected that more
and more enterprises will go in this
direction.
26 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

Handsets
Driven by the rapid growth of
global 3G market and domestic
2.5G terminal market, China’s mobile
terminal market thrives both in
production and marketing during the
first half of the year. According to
the Research Report on China’s Mobile
Communication Terminal Industry for
the first half of 2007 recently published
by CCID Consulting, China’s leading
research, consulting and IT outsourcing
service provider, the pattern of China’s
handset market has changed. ZTE, which
accounted for 4.8% of China’s mobile
communication terminal market at
the end of June 2007, moved into
the 5th position, only after the four
international brands Nokia, Motorola,
Samsung and Sony Ericsson. With
its outstanding performance in
the overseas market, the company
occupied a leading position among the
domestic handset brands.
“With increased sales of GSM,
CDMA and 3G terminals, ZTE’s
mobile terminal business reported a
ZTE Tops the Chinese
Handset Brands
breakthrough in the first half of 2007,”
said He Shiyou, senior vice-president and
general manager of ZTE’s Mobile Phone
Division, “Especially its overseas handset
sales accounted for 70% of the total sales
volume, which is a milestone for both
ZTE and other Chinese manufacturers.”
The phenomenal growth of its
international handset business relied
on its quick expansion in emerging
markets and large-scale entries into
the developed markets. In India,
ZTE has outperformed Samsung,
Motorola and and LG Electronics to
become the largest CDMA handset
supplier, accounting for a 29% share
in the segment. The company began
selling low-end GSM handsets for
emerging markets through cooperation
with Vodafone, the world’s leading
mobile telecommunications company.
The award-winning D90 has won
favor from both the Canadian carrier
Telus and the Ukrainian 3G operator
PEOPLEnet, both of which sold this
3G mobile phone in the markets of
Canada and Ukraine. Through close
cooperation with the world’s first
class operators, such as Vodafone,
Te l e f o n i c a , B r i t i s h Te l e c o m s ,
Hutchison and Telus, as well as entry
into the European and American highend
markets. ZTE has already sold
about 50 million handsets in over 60
countries and regions.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
27

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES