EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure for National Development in Fiji In its ‘Strategic Development Plan: 2003 – 2005’ 3 , the Fijian Government describes the strategic priorities to be addressed in the medium term. This includes several infrastructure specific goals: Universal access to internationally competitive information and technology services. The strategy explains that improved telecommunications services can help to boost Fiji’s employment, promote public and private sector efficiency, provide opportunities for rural development, and contribute to social development by enabling ‘telehealth’, ‘distance education’ and ‘e-Government’ services. Specifically, the strategy notes that “the high cost of these services is restraining future growth” To provide an integrated transport system that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. Low levels of operations efficiency in road transport, ports, and outer island services are identified as constraints to growth in this sector. Policy objectives include ensuring adequate road maintenance and road cost recovery, improving shipping services and infrastructure to outer islands, promoting development of the aviation industry in support of tourism and expanding new industries relying on air freight To facilitate the development of a resource efficient, cost effective and environmentally sustainable energy sector. Policy objectives include ensuring that the demand for reliable, affordable electricity is met, increasing efficiency, accountability and cost effectiveness, and to promote energy conservation Increase access to safe drinking water and a sanitary waste disposal system. The Government identifies low levels of cost recovery, resulting from low tariffs and inefficient operations as the major constraint to improved services in this sector. Policy objectives include expanding the water supply scheme to rural areas and upgrading urban and regional water schemes to improve quality and efficiency. Box 4.3: Key Development Areas for Kiribati The Republic of Kiribati’s National Development Strategy 4 highlights a number of infrastructure specific strategies to support development in six Key Development Areas. Strategies for Economic Growth include: Upgrading air and sea port facilities and associated utilities at locations where natural and human resources can combine in viable economic activity Ensuring reliable power and water supplies in existing urban areas Strategies for Equitable Distribution include: Devising a cost-effective maintenance methodology for outer island water supplies, roads and wharves Upgrading telecoms in all outer islands. Although it is not explicitly stated, infrastructure can also enable strategies in other Key Development Areas. For example, the development goal ‘Equipping People to Manage Change’ involves improving education and health services. Improved internet services can make it possible to upgrade teacher skills, or to strengthen nursing and public health training. Internet and computer access in turn depends on affordable, reliable electricity services. 3 “Rebuilding Confidence for Stability and Growth for a Peaceful, Prosperous Fiji” Strategic Development Plan: 2003 – 2005, November 2002, Parliamentary Paper No. 72 of 2002 4 “Enhancing Growth and Ensuring Equitable Distribution” Republic of Kiribati, National Development Strategies, 2004 - 2007 12
Box 4.4: National Objectives in the Solomon Islands The Solomon Islands Government’s national objectives are to 5 : Consolidate and sustain the Peace Process and the restoration of Law and Order to ensure the nation attains peace, unity and harmony Reconstruct the social and economic infrastructure, halt the current economic decline, stabilize and reverse it, thereby attain economic recovery Downsize the Public Service and shift resources towards private sector driven economic growth Service and settle the nation's debts within reasonable time and maintain greater financial sustainability and stability Foster a greater sense of National Unity and Identity Promote better distribution of the benefits of development and ensure a healthy, to literate and a contended population Achieve political stability and de-centralized decision making Generate job opportunities for Solomon Islands growing population Achieve higher economic growth, wealth and social well-being for all in Solomon Islands Advance Solomon Islands for its existence in the 21st century Ensure Solomon Islands is properly governed. The Government outlined a number of priorities to ensure it meets these objectives. Infrastructure is one of these priorities. Existing infrastructure was either ‘affected by the effects of the ethnic conflict, or in need of urgent maintenance’ and the Government has indicated its commitment to rehabilitating infrastructure or building new infrastructure to ‘halt the current economic decline, stabilize and finally reverse it to achieve economic recovery’. Infrastructure therefore goes hand in hand with constitutional, political and structural reform, and has a role to play in reconstruction and development. 5 Solomon Islands Government Programme of Action: Policies, Objectives, Strategies and Targets 2002 – 2005, Honiara, January 2002 13
Page 2 and 3: The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
Page 6 and 7: Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 8 and 9: Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
Page 10 and 11: kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
Page 12 and 13: 2 Executive Summary This discussion
Page 14 and 15: Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
Page 16 and 17: Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
Page 18 and 19: 3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
Page 22 and 23: 5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
Page 24 and 25: Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
Page 26 and 27: Water tariffs are often too low In
Page 28 and 29: Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
Page 30 and 31: These characteristics mean that Pac
Page 32 and 33: 6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
Page 34 and 35: 6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
Page 36 and 37: These high rural populations mean t
Page 38 and 39: Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
Page 40 and 41: Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
Page 42 and 43: 7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
Page 44 and 45: 7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
Page 46 and 47: different, some efficiency may be g
Page 48 and 49: Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
Page 50 and 51: Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
Page 52 and 53: Some of these reforms have already
Page 54 and 55: 7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
Page 56 and 57: Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
Page 58 and 59: Pacific countries, management salar
Page 60 and 61: There are three classic types of pr
Page 62 and 63: While private sector involvement ma
Page 64 and 65: Air services would also benefit fro
Page 66 and 67: 7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
Page 68 and 69: 8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
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Figure 8.3: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
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Figure 8.8: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
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9 How do we meet the Challenge This
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Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
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Box 9.6: How can the public sector
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The proportion of mainline access a
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Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
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Universal Access Universal access r
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good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
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Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
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Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
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and there have been calls to recons
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A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
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Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
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Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
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interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
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As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
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Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
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Regional Cooperation in Electricity
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A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
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Figure A.17: Availability of Water
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Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
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including full operating expenses a
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Corporatization is often employed t
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operating costs, collections levels
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Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
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Federated States of Micronesia at b
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In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
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Many Pacific countries already outs
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4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
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Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
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system reduces cargo handling effic
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Economies of Scale Port operations
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The landlord model is the most comm
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Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
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Apia Port has become one of the bes
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Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
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In Shipping: Services are considere
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Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
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Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
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establishment period. For the offic
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Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
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Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
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Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
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Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
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Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
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Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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“A-Z World Airports Online” www
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