EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Papua New Guinea Data year source Data year source Data year source Data year source Data year source Data year source GENERAL Land area (sq km) 18,270.0 2002 WDI 730.0 2002 WDI 181.3 2002 WDI 436.3 2002 WDI 460.0 2002 WDI 452,860.0 2002 WDI GDP (current US$) 1880000000 2002 WDI 53400000 2002 WDI 106000000 2002 WDI 232000000 2002 WDI 130000000 2002 WDI 2810000000 2002 WDI GDP (Current $US) 2035787000 2003 WDI 54643510 2003 WDI 105873800 2003 WDI 243127300 2003 WDI 125629000 2003 WDI 3182093000 2003 WDI Population, total 835000 2002 WDI 96000 2002 WDI 53000 2002 WDI 125000 2002 WDI 20000 2002 WDI 5502000 2002 WDI Population, total 835000 2003 WDI 96377.02 2003 WDI 52500 2003 WDI 124559.8 2003 WDI 20000 2003 WDI 5501871 2003 WDI GDP per capita (Current $US) 2251.497006 2002 WDI 556.25 2002 WDI 2000 2002 WDI 1856 2002 WDI 6500 2002 WDI 510.7233733 2002 WDI Population density (people per sq km) 45.70334 2003 WDI 132.0233 2003 WDI 289.5753 2003 WDI 177.4355 2003 WDI 43 2003 WDI 12.14917 2003 WDI Rural population (% of total population) 48.2958 2003 WDI 60.4972 2003 WDI 33.634 2003 WDI 70.652 2003 WDI 81.8248 2003 WDI Rural population growth (annual %) -0.1407987 2003 WDI 1.045792 2003 WDI -0.5352654 2003 WDI 1.290981 2003 WDI 1.975227 2003 WDI Population growth (annual %) 1.411107 2003 WDI 1.75125 2003 WDI 0 2003 WDI 1.765614 2003 WDI 2.274926 2003 WDI Education Index 0.86 HDR 0.57 HDR Human Development Index 0.758 2002 HDR 0.542 2002 HDR Official Development Assistance (ODA) received, net disbursments (as % of GDP) 1.8 2002 HDR 39.1 2002 HDR 59 2002 HDR 48.1 2002 HDR 7.2 2002 HDR GDP per capita growth (annual %) 3.331545 2003 WDI 0.7205953 2003 WDI 2 2003 WDI 0.6078792 2003 WDI 0.3900256 2003 WDI Inflation (% annual change in CPI) 2.4 2004 IMF 2.3 2004 IMF 2 2001 CIA 1 2002 CIA 3.4 2000 CIA 7.4 2004 IMF Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) -9.5 2003 WDI -30.2 2003 WDI -3.1 2004 WDI -6.7 2004 WDI -12.4 2004 WDI -2 2003 WDI Average growth in real GDP per capita, 1999-2003 2.6% 1999-2003 3 0.9% 1999-2003 3 0.1% 1999-2003 3 -0.1% 1999-2003 3 2.0% 1999-2003 3 Percent Population below poverty line (Latest year available) 26.0% 3 51.0% 3 20.0% 3 40.0% 3 3 37% 2002 CIA Kilometers to nearest major port 3215 2004 3 4534 2004 3 4501 2004 3 3703 2004 3 1677 2004 3 Atlas GNI per capita ($US 2003) 2360 2003 3 880 2003 3 2710 2003 3 2090 2003 3 7500 2003 3 Average aid per capita ($US 2003) 40 2004 3 198 2004 3 1183 2004 3 911 2004 3 2308 2004 3 Average population growth (annual %, 1998-2004) 1.1% 1998-2004 3 2.3% 1998-2004 3 0.9% 1998-2004 3 1.9% 1998-2004 3 1.5% 1998-2004 3 168
Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tonga Vanuatu Data year source Data year source Data year source Data year source Data year source GENERAL Land area (sq km) 2,830.0 2002 WDI 27,990.0 2002 WDI 14,870.0 2002 WDI 720.0 2002 WDI 12,190.0 2002 WDI GDP (current US$) 261000000 2002 WDI 240000000 2002 WDI 388000000 2002 WDI 136000000 2002 WDI 234000000 2002 WDI GDP (Current $US) 267911000 2003 WDI 252654300 2003 WDI 341000000 2003 WDI 162692400 2003 WDI 283343100 2003 WDI Population, total 178000 2002 WDI 457000 2002 WDI 810000 2002 WDI 102000 2002 WDI 210000 2002 WDI Population, total 178000 2003 WDI 456644.9 2003 WDI 877000 2003 WDI 101524.1 2003 WDI 210163.7 2003 WDI GDP per capita (Current $US) 1466.2921 2002 WDI 525.16411 2002 WDI 479.012346 2002 WDI 1333.333333 2002 WDI 1114.285714 2002 WDI Population density (people per sq km) 62.89753 2003 WDI 16.31457 2003 WDI 58.97781 2003 WDI 141.0057 2003 WDI 17.24067 2003 WDI Rural population (% of total population) 77.1986 2003 WDI 78.6184 2003 WDI 92.3312 2003 WDI 66.494 2003 WDI 77.1212 2003 WDI Rural population growth (annual %) 0.6970343 2003 WDI 2.268174 2003 WDI 5.339516 2003 WDI -0.02366809 2003 WDI 1.71918 2003 WDI Population growth (annual %) 1.016384 2003 WDI 2.966754 2003 WDI 5.267455 2003 WDI 0.3560925 2003 WDI 2.208476 2003 WDI Education Index 0.89 HDR 0.68 HDR 0.64 HDR 0.93 HDR 0.42 HDR Human Development Index 0.769 2002 HDR 0.624 2002 HDR 0.436 2002 HDR 0.787 2002 HDR 0.57 2002 HDR Official Development Assistance (ODA) received, net disbursments (as % of GDP) 14.5 2002 HDR 11 2002 HDR 56.6 2002 HDR 16.4 2002 HDR 11.7 2002 HDR GDP per capita growth (annual %) 2.49008 2003 WDI 2.02774 2003 WDI -7.028506 2003 WDI 2.135654 2003 WDI -0.227952 2003 WDI Inflation (% annual change in CPI) 2.4 2004 IMF 6.8 2004 IMF 4.1 2004 IMF 11 2004 IMF 2.8 2004 IMF Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) -0.9 2004 WDI 4 2004 WDI -0.6 2004 WDI 0.9 2004 WDI Average growth in real GDP per capita, 1999-2003 3.0% 1999-2003 3 -7.4% 1999-2003 3 2.1% 1999-2003 3 -2.4% 1999-2003 3 Percent Population below poverty line (Latest year available) 20.0% 3 3 42% 2003 CIA 23.0% 3 40.0% 3 Kilometers to nearest major port 4340 2004 3 2854 2004 3 3580 2004 3 2471 2004 3 Atlas GNI per capita ($US 2003) 1600 2003 3 600 2003 3 1490 2003 3 1180 2003 3 Average aid per capita ($US 2003) 194 2004 3 113 2004 3 214 2004 3 187 2004 3 Average population growth (annual %, 1998-2004) 1.0% 1998-2004 3 2.8% 1998-2004 3 0.6% 1998-2004 3 2.6% 1998-2004 3 169
Page 2 and 3:
The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
Page 4 and 5:
Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
Page 6 and 7:
Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 8 and 9:
Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
Page 10 and 11:
kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
Page 12 and 13:
2 Executive Summary This discussion
Page 14 and 15:
Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
Page 16 and 17:
Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
Page 18 and 19:
3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
Page 20 and 21:
Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
Page 22 and 23:
5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
Page 26 and 27:
Water tariffs are often too low In
Page 28 and 29:
Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
Page 30 and 31:
These characteristics mean that Pac
Page 32 and 33:
6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
Page 34 and 35:
6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
Page 36 and 37:
These high rural populations mean t
Page 38 and 39:
Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
Page 40 and 41:
Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
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7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
Page 44 and 45:
7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
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different, some efficiency may be g
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
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Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
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Some of these reforms have already
Page 54 and 55:
7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
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Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
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Pacific countries, management salar
Page 60 and 61:
There are three classic types of pr
Page 62 and 63:
While private sector involvement ma
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Air services would also benefit fro
Page 66 and 67:
7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
Page 68 and 69:
8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
Page 78 and 79:
9 How do we meet the Challenge This
Page 80 and 81:
Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
Page 82 and 83:
Box 9.6: How can the public sector
Page 84 and 85:
The proportion of mainline access a
Page 86 and 87:
Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
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Universal Access Universal access r
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good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
Page 92 and 93:
Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
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Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
Page 96 and 97:
and there have been calls to recons
Page 98 and 99:
A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
Page 100 and 101:
Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
Page 102 and 103:
Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
Page 104 and 105:
interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
Page 106 and 107:
As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
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Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
Page 110 and 111:
Regional Cooperation in Electricity
Page 112 and 113:
A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
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Figure A.17: Availability of Water
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Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
Page 118 and 119:
including full operating expenses a
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Corporatization is often employed t
Page 122 and 123:
operating costs, collections levels
Page 124 and 125:
Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
Page 126 and 127: Federated States of Micronesia at b
Page 128 and 129: In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
Page 130 and 131: Many Pacific countries already outs
Page 132 and 133: 4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
Page 134 and 135: Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
Page 136 and 137: system reduces cargo handling effic
Page 138 and 139: Economies of Scale Port operations
Page 140 and 141: The landlord model is the most comm
Page 142 and 143: Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
Page 144 and 145: Apia Port has become one of the bes
Page 146 and 147: Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
Page 148 and 149: In Shipping: Services are considere
Page 150 and 151: Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
Page 152 and 153: Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
Page 154 and 155: establishment period. For the offic
Page 156 and 157: Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
Page 158 and 159: Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
Page 160 and 161: Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
Page 162 and 163: Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
Page 164 and 165: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 166 and 167: Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
Page 168 and 169: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 170 and 171: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 174 and 175: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 180 and 181: “A-Z World Airports Online” www
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