EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) includes a commitment to phased liberalization of services, possibly including multilateral agreements along the lines of the PIASA agreement. Competition for air services in the region is limited. Open skies, or multilateral air services agreements will encourage competition, providing more choice and lower fares for passengers. This is likely to benefit the tourist trade in Pacific countries despite challenges of isolation and small scale. Many of the Pacific carriers either operate at a loss or are only marginally economic. Introduction of low cost competition could further reduce their sustainability. Most countries retain their flag carriers as a means to ensure continuity of air service, but this is not always a financially sustainable solution. Governments should consider privatizing or shutting down national airlines, and (where necessary) using competitively bid air services contracts to ensure continuity of service. Under such contracts, airlines would agree to service specified routes at specified frequencies, in return for an agreed subsidy. The cost of the subsidy could be lower than the cost of maintaining and operating a lossmaking flag carrier. 154
Appendix B: Key Infrastructure Indicators Source Key: CIA HDR IMF ITU WDI CIA World Factbook Human Development Report International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union World Development Indicators 1 Special Evaluation Study on Asian Development Bank Capacity Building Assistance for Managing Water Supply and Sanitation to the Republic of Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, ADB 2003 2 Pacific Regional Transport Study 3 Regional Engagement Framework FY2006 – 2008 for Pacific Islands, World Bank 4 Castalia Research 5 Castalia Research 6 Regulatory Framework and Transition Models for Private Participation in Infrastructure in Pacific Island Countries, Meritec, 2001 155
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The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
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Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
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Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
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kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
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2 Executive Summary This discussion
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Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
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Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
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3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
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Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
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5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
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Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
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Water tariffs are often too low In
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Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
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These characteristics mean that Pac
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6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
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6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
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These high rural populations mean t
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Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
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Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
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7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
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7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
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different, some efficiency may be g
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Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
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Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
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Some of these reforms have already
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7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
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Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
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Pacific countries, management salar
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There are three classic types of pr
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While private sector involvement ma
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Air services would also benefit fro
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7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
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8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
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Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
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Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
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9 How do we meet the Challenge This
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Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
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Box 9.6: How can the public sector
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The proportion of mainline access a
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Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
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Universal Access Universal access r
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good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
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Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
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Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
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and there have been calls to recons
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A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
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Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
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Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
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interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
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As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
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Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
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Regional Cooperation in Electricity
Page 112 and 113: A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
Page 114 and 115: Figure A.17: Availability of Water
Page 116 and 117: Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
Page 118 and 119: including full operating expenses a
Page 120 and 121: Corporatization is often employed t
Page 122 and 123: operating costs, collections levels
Page 124 and 125: Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
Page 126 and 127: Federated States of Micronesia at b
Page 128 and 129: In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
Page 130 and 131: Many Pacific countries already outs
Page 132 and 133: 4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
Page 134 and 135: Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
Page 136 and 137: system reduces cargo handling effic
Page 138 and 139: Economies of Scale Port operations
Page 140 and 141: The landlord model is the most comm
Page 142 and 143: Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
Page 144 and 145: Apia Port has become one of the bes
Page 146 and 147: Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
Page 148 and 149: In Shipping: Services are considere
Page 150 and 151: Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
Page 152 and 153: Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
Page 154 and 155: establishment period. For the offic
Page 156 and 157: Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
Page 158 and 159: Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
Page 160 and 161: Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
Page 164 and 165: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 166 and 167: Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
Page 168 and 169: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 174 and 175: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 180 and 181: “A-Z World Airports Online” www
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EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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