EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Investment Requirements for Infrastructure Sectors compared to Total Investment in 2003 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $- PNG PNG Fiji Fiji Solomon Isl Solomon Isl Source: International Financial Statistics (IMF) Water Sanitation Mainlines Cellulars Electricity Total S Many Pacific countries have relied heavily on aid to fund major infrastructure projects in the past. Meeting future investment requirements will require a change to fiscal priorities, improved functioning of the financial sectors, and mobilizing domestic and international private savings. 2.5 How do we meet the Challenge There will not be a ‘one size fits all’ solution to infrastructure challenges in the Pacific. Figure 2.3 illustrates an approach to meeting the infrastructure challenge in the Pacific. Figure 2.3: An Approach to Meeting the Challenge Fill in the Gaps Identify Infrastructure Priorities Develop Policy Framework Dedicate People and Financing Implement Action Plans Commitment & Perseverance Source: Castalia The first step is to ‘fill in the gaps’, and to verify the data presented, and to test whether the analysis rings true for Pacific country leaders. Leaders and policy makers must then decide how big a priority infrastructure is for their country. They must also determine the infrastructure priorities, as not all sectors will require the same level of investment or focus. 8
Having identified the priorities, it will be necessary to put in place a policy framework that will enable and support the reform initiatives selected. People and finance must be dedicated to projects and program implementation. This process will take time. It will also take commitment and perseverance. Based on our preliminary analysis, we propose a set of discussion topics for debate, to initiate the first step of ‘filling in the gaps’: 1. Will benchmarking help to provide a better picture of infrastructure performance 2. What public sector reforms will benefit Pacific countries 3. Can private sector involvement be encouraged 4. How extensive are the opportunities for competition in the Pacific region 5. How effective are the oversight mechanisms in the Pacific 6. How can the public sector be strengthened to deal with barriers to good infrastructure performance 7. How will the reforms and improvements be financed 9
Page 2 and 3: The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
Page 6 and 7: Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 8 and 9: Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
Page 10 and 11: kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
Page 12 and 13: 2 Executive Summary This discussion
Page 14 and 15: Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
Page 18 and 19: 3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
Page 20 and 21: Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
Page 22 and 23: 5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
Page 24 and 25: Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
Page 26 and 27: Water tariffs are often too low In
Page 28 and 29: Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
Page 30 and 31: These characteristics mean that Pac
Page 32 and 33: 6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
Page 34 and 35: 6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
Page 36 and 37: These high rural populations mean t
Page 38 and 39: Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
Page 40 and 41: Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
Page 42 and 43: 7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
Page 44 and 45: 7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
Page 46 and 47: different, some efficiency may be g
Page 48 and 49: Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
Page 50 and 51: Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
Page 52 and 53: Some of these reforms have already
Page 54 and 55: 7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
Page 56 and 57: Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
Page 58 and 59: Pacific countries, management salar
Page 60 and 61: There are three classic types of pr
Page 62 and 63: While private sector involvement ma
Page 64 and 65: Air services would also benefit fro
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7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
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8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
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Figure 8.3: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
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Figure 8.8: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
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9 How do we meet the Challenge This
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Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
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Box 9.6: How can the public sector
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The proportion of mainline access a
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Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
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Universal Access Universal access r
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good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
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Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
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Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
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and there have been calls to recons
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A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
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Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
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Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
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interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
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As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
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Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
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Regional Cooperation in Electricity
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A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
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Figure A.17: Availability of Water
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Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
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including full operating expenses a
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Corporatization is often employed t
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operating costs, collections levels
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Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
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Federated States of Micronesia at b
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In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
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Many Pacific countries already outs
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4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
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Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
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system reduces cargo handling effic
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Economies of Scale Port operations
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The landlord model is the most comm
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Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
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Apia Port has become one of the bes
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Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
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In Shipping: Services are considere
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Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
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Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
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establishment period. For the offic
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Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
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Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
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Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
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Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
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Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
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Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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“A-Z World Airports Online” www
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