EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limited (AVL) is a government owned corporation responsible for operating the three largest airports. The remaining airports and airstrips are operated by the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA). The DCA is also responsible for regulating all airports in Vanuatu according to the New Zealand Civil Aviation regulations, adopted in November 1999. DCA’s regulatory oversight includes the international airports operated by AVL. The Vanuatu Infrastructure Master plan notes that establishing AVL and separating its functions from the DCA has resulted in improved data collection, consultation, revenue collection and airport operation and maintenance. Maintenance work on international and domestic airstrips has been inadequate. In addition, the main international airports are restricted to the operation of 737s and smaller aircraft. Runway length and obstacle constraints make runway extension questionable. This has been noted as a key constraint to the development of Vanuatu’s tourism sector. The remoteness of many of the domestic airstrips increases the maintenance cost substantially. Marshall Islands 102 The Marshall Islands Airport Authority (MIAA) is a statutory corporation responsible for the management of Amata Kabua International Airport in Majuro, taking over from the Directorate of Civil Aviation, the civil aviation regulatory body. Since establishment, there have been improvements in management, operation and maintenance of this airport. Timor-Leste 103 The Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA) in the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Public Works (MTCPW) is responsible for all policy, regulation, enforcement, infrastructure planning, management and operation in the aviation sector. Works and maintenance are delivered by DCA staff and private sector contractors. The Basic Law for Civil Aviation provides the basis for sector regulation. The decision to keep regulation and air traffic services under the same body was a pragmatic one, based on the small size of the aviation sector. Although it is designed to be self funding, limited air traffic means that airport fees are inadequate to fund maintenance and capital works at the airports. Presidente Nicolau Lobato International airport near Dili (formerly Comoro airport) handles all international traffic. There is no domestic airline or domestic scheduled traffic in Timor- Leste due to low demand and short internal distances. 101 Sources: “Vanuatu Infrastructure Masterplan” Republic of Vanuatu, 2002, “Vanuatu: Economic Performance and Challenges Ahead” ADB Pacific Studies Series, 2002 102 Sources: “Marshall Islands Meto 2000 Economic report and Statement of Development Strategies” ADB 2001 103 Sources: “Timor-Leste Transport sector Investment Plan” World Bank, 2004 148
Table A.8: Institutional Indicators for Pacific Airports Nadi Airport, Fiji Faleolo International, Samoa Bonriki International, Kiribati Dili, Timor- Leste Bauerfield, Port Vila, Vanuatu Koror, Palau Fua’amotu International, Tonga Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia Airports and aviation sector legislation Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Amata Kabua, Marshall Islands Independent Regulator Y Y N N Y N N N N Administration Corporatized Y Y N N N N N Y Y Autonomous Board independent from Executive Power Private Ownership of: Y Y N N N N N Y Y - Airport Infrastructure N N N N N N N N - Terminal Facilities N N N N N N N N Private Sector Participation in: - Airport Infrastructure N N N N N N N N - Terminal Facilities N N N N N N N N - Ground Handling N Y N Y Y Y Y N - Fuelling N N N Y Y Y Y Y - Shopping Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y - Catering N N N Y N Y N Y - Car Rentals Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Competition in: - Airport services at the airport N N N Y Y Y N N - Among airports in the country N N N N N N N N Does the airport have ICAO certification Y Y N N Y 149
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The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
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Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
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Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
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kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
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2 Executive Summary This discussion
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Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
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Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
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3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
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Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
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5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
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Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
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Water tariffs are often too low In
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Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
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These characteristics mean that Pac
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6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
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6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
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These high rural populations mean t
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Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
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Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
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7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
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7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
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different, some efficiency may be g
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Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
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Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
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Some of these reforms have already
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7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
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Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
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Pacific countries, management salar
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There are three classic types of pr
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While private sector involvement ma
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Air services would also benefit fro
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7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
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8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
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Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
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Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
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9 How do we meet the Challenge This
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Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
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Box 9.6: How can the public sector
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The proportion of mainline access a
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Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
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Universal Access Universal access r
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good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
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Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
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Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
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and there have been calls to recons
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A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
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Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
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Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
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interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
Page 106 and 107: As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
Page 108 and 109: Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
Page 110 and 111: Regional Cooperation in Electricity
Page 112 and 113: A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
Page 114 and 115: Figure A.17: Availability of Water
Page 116 and 117: Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
Page 118 and 119: including full operating expenses a
Page 120 and 121: Corporatization is often employed t
Page 122 and 123: operating costs, collections levels
Page 124 and 125: Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
Page 126 and 127: Federated States of Micronesia at b
Page 128 and 129: In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
Page 130 and 131: Many Pacific countries already outs
Page 132 and 133: 4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
Page 134 and 135: Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
Page 136 and 137: system reduces cargo handling effic
Page 138 and 139: Economies of Scale Port operations
Page 140 and 141: The landlord model is the most comm
Page 142 and 143: Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
Page 144 and 145: Apia Port has become one of the bes
Page 146 and 147: Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
Page 148 and 149: In Shipping: Services are considere
Page 150 and 151: Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
Page 152 and 153: Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
Page 154 and 155: establishment period. For the offic
Page 158 and 159: Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
Page 160 and 161: Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
Page 162 and 163: Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
Page 164 and 165: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 166 and 167: Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
Page 168 and 169: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 174 and 175: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 180 and 181: “A-Z World Airports Online” www
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