EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Figure A.25: Road Network Density vs. Population Density 4.00 Barbados 3.50 Road Network Density (Total km road/total land area) 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Tonga Kiribati St Lucia Jamaica Mauritius Philippines 0.50 FSM New Zealand Marshall Islands Timor-Leste Samoa Fiji Vanuatu Palau 0.00 PNG Solomon Islands - 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Population Density Source: Road km data from CIA World Fact Book, population figures are from WDI database (latest data) Notes: PNG: Papua New Guinea, FSM: Federated States of Micronesia Most Pacific countries have fewer roads per square kilometer than would be expected given their population densities. In Vanuatu for example, a significant number of people live in the interior of Efate Island and Espiritu Santo Island but have no road access from their settlements to the coast road. Figure A.26 compares the number of vehicles per kilometer of road in Pacific and comparator countries. This graph shows that none of the Pacific countries have especially heavy traffic relative to the size of their road networks and Tonga has the lowest number of vehicles per kilometer of road. Although these graphs do not taken into account the differences in access between rural and urban areas, they suggest that the road density in Pacific island countries is adequate, given the size of the population and traffic. 116
Figure A.26: Number of Vehicles per km of Road Vehicles (per km of road) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Tonga Timor-Leste Vanuatu PNG Jamaica Kiribati Philippines St. Lucia Samoa Fiji New Zealand Source: WDI Indicators, Timor-Leste information from 2004 World Bank Sector Investment Program Report, Kiribati vehicle statistics from Ministry of Works interview, Samoa statistics from World Bank Samoa Transport Sector Review Report 2003 Note 1: Statistics are based on available data for the years 1996 – 2003 and some data may be outdated Note 2: PNG: Papua New Guinea Road Quality Road quality can be evaluated by reviewing the number of paved or all weather roads, the number of days per year of road closures on main routes and the need for repairs on major routes. We were able to obtain data on paved roads as a percentage of the total road network. This is shown in Figure A.27. Figure A.27: Paved Roads as a % of Total Roads Roads, paved (% of total roads) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Barbados Mauritius Solomon Islands PNG St. Lucia FSM Philippines Vanuatu Tonga Timor-Leste Fiji New Zealand Jamaica Samoa Mauritius Barbados Source: WDI Indicators, Timor-Leste information from 2004 World Bank Sector Investment Program Report, Samoa statistics from World Bank Samoa Transport Sector Review Report 2003 Notes: PNG: Papua New Guinea, FSM: Federated States of Micronesia Paved roads account for a far lower proportion of the total road network in the Pacific than in most comparator countries. Of the Pacific countries, Samoa, Fiji and Timor-Leste have the highest percentage of paved roads at over 40%, followed by Tonga, Vanuatu and the 117
Page 2 and 3:
The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
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Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
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Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
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kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
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2 Executive Summary This discussion
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Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
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Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
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3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
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Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
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5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
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Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
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Water tariffs are often too low In
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Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
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These characteristics mean that Pac
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6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
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6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
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These high rural populations mean t
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Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
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Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
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7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
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7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
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different, some efficiency may be g
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Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
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Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
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Some of these reforms have already
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7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
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Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
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Pacific countries, management salar
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There are three classic types of pr
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While private sector involvement ma
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Air services would also benefit fro
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7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
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8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
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Figure 8.3: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
Page 74 and 75: Figure 8.8: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 76 and 77: Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
Page 78 and 79: 9 How do we meet the Challenge This
Page 80 and 81: Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
Page 82 and 83: Box 9.6: How can the public sector
Page 84 and 85: The proportion of mainline access a
Page 86 and 87: Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
Page 88 and 89: Universal Access Universal access r
Page 90 and 91: good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
Page 92 and 93: Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
Page 94 and 95: Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
Page 96 and 97: and there have been calls to recons
Page 98 and 99: A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
Page 100 and 101: Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
Page 102 and 103: Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
Page 104 and 105: interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
Page 106 and 107: As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
Page 108 and 109: Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
Page 110 and 111: Regional Cooperation in Electricity
Page 112 and 113: A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
Page 114 and 115: Figure A.17: Availability of Water
Page 116 and 117: Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
Page 118 and 119: including full operating expenses a
Page 120 and 121: Corporatization is often employed t
Page 122 and 123: operating costs, collections levels
Page 126 and 127: Federated States of Micronesia at b
Page 128 and 129: In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
Page 130 and 131: Many Pacific countries already outs
Page 132 and 133: 4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
Page 134 and 135: Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
Page 136 and 137: system reduces cargo handling effic
Page 138 and 139: Economies of Scale Port operations
Page 140 and 141: The landlord model is the most comm
Page 142 and 143: Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
Page 144 and 145: Apia Port has become one of the bes
Page 146 and 147: Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
Page 148 and 149: In Shipping: Services are considere
Page 150 and 151: Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
Page 152 and 153: Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
Page 154 and 155: establishment period. For the offic
Page 156 and 157: Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
Page 158 and 159: Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
Page 160 and 161: Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
Page 162 and 163: Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
Page 164 and 165: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 166 and 167: Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
Page 168 and 169: Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
Page 170 and 171: Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
Page 172 and 173: Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
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Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
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“A-Z World Airports Online” www
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