EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf
EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf
EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Analysis<br />
<strong>Pacific</strong> countries have varying levels of water availability. Papua New Guinea, Fiji and<br />
Vanuatu have a relative abundance of water, while other countries like Kiribati, Marshall<br />
Islands and Palau do not have rivers and lakes, but depend on rainwater collection.<br />
While countries have little control over the natural availability of water, sector infrastructure<br />
and institutions can help to ensure that this (sometimes scarce) resource is used efficiently,<br />
effectively and conservatively. This section examines the quality and performance of water<br />
and sanitation infrastructure in <strong>Pacific</strong> countries.<br />
A.1.3 Benchmarking<br />
Access<br />
Figure A.15 compares the levels of access to improved water and sanitation within <strong>Pacific</strong><br />
and comparator countries. Improved water includes reticulated supply and rainwater<br />
catchment tanks. Improved sanitation refers to both reticulated and non-reticulated<br />
solutions such as improved pit latrines.<br />
Figure A.15: Access to Water and Sanitation<br />
120<br />
120<br />
Acces to improved water<br />
Mauritius<br />
100 Tonga Samoa Dominica<br />
Grenada<br />
Vanuatu FSM<br />
St Lucia<br />
Philippines<br />
Jamaica<br />
80<br />
Solomon Islands<br />
60<br />
Kiribati<br />
Fiji<br />
40 PNG<br />
20<br />
Palau<br />
St Kitts Barbados<br />
Access to improved sanitation<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
Vanuatu<br />
Samoa<br />
Philippines<br />
PNG<br />
Kiribati<br />
FSM<br />
Solomon Islands<br />
Jamaica Mauritius<br />
Grenada<br />
Fiji<br />
Dominica<br />
St Lucia<br />
Palau<br />
St Kitts<br />
Barbados<br />
0<br />
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000<br />
Source: WDI Indicators<br />
GDP per Capita<br />
0<br />
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000<br />
GDP per Capita<br />
Notes: PNG: Papua New Guinea, FSM: Federated States of Micronesia<br />
<strong>The</strong> trend line in these graphs indicates the expected level of access to improved water and<br />
sanitation given a country’s GDP per capita. <strong>The</strong> wealthier the country, the higher we would<br />
expect access to water and sanitation to be. Countries that lie above this trend line are<br />
outperforming expected access levels, while countries that fall below the line have relatively<br />
poor access levels, given their income.<br />
Only Tonga, Samoa, Federated States of Micronesia and Vanuatu provide access to<br />
improved water services to over 80% of the population, while Vanuatu, Samoa, Palau and<br />
Papua New Guinea report that over 80% of the population have access to improved<br />
sanitation. On the whole access in the <strong>Pacific</strong> countries is worse than in the Caribbean or<br />
the Philippines.<br />
104