EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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Regional Cooperation in Electricity Through the auspices of the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, based in Suva Fiji, there has been considerable focus in recent years on regional cooperation. All the countries covered by this Review, with the exception of Timor Leste, are full members. Timor has observer status at present. Considerable efforts are being made through institutions like the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat to improve the co-ordination machinery in Pacific countries. Much of it is directed at high level policy, and increasingly on security and sustainability-of-nation-state issues. However, there are a number of agencies providing policy co-ordination and practical advice in the energy sector: the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat; the Committee of Regional Organizations of the Pacific (CROP) Energy Working Group; the Pacific Islands Development Program (PIDP); and the South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission (SOPAC). The CROP Group has prepared a regional Energy Policy and Plan which sets out a useful framework for energy policy planning in the Pacific. Box A.8 summarizes the plan. There are a number of private regional organizations, including the Pacific Power Association (PPA) and the Pacific Water Association offering help to utilities in the region. The PPA is involved the most with practical assistance to electricity utilities in the region. The Pacific Power Association (PPA) plays an important coordinating role in the Pacific. It provides technical assistance support, as well as benchmarking the relative performance of electricity utilities in the region. It makes a positive contribution although a higher level of commitment from Pacific country governments – who own all utilities – to the work of the PPA and additional funding from governments and donor or lending agencies would have a significant payback in terms of improved performance. The FEA success story is a good one to emulate in the region, perhaps through the FEA, and with the support of the PPA and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. The South Pacific Regional Environmental Program (SPREP) is an organization with a mandate to promote cooperation in the Pacific region to protect and improve the environment and ensure sustainable development. It has a specific interest in energy related issues in the region and is the executing agency for the Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project (PIREP), a GEF/UNDP funded regional climate change mitigation project aimed at developing and commercializing renewable energy systems to reduce the long term effects of growth in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use. There is another form of regional cooperation in the form of common private sector ownership or operation of electricity assets. For example, Vanuatu’s UNELCO is part of the same group that serves New Caledonia and Tahiti, allowing them to draw on an experienced senior management pool in the region. 102
Box A.8 : Pacific Islands Energy Plan and Policy In 2002, a Pacific Islands Energy Policy and Plan was prepared by the Committee of Regional Organizations of the Pacific (CROP). The Plan is a useful summary of the major problems facing the energy sector in Pacific countries and suggested some policy options for the future. With respect to the electricity sector, the document said: “Reliable and affordable electric power is essential for economic development and social progress. Key issues related to power supply include insufficient human resources, inefficient performance of some utilities, inefficient consumption of electric power, and inadequate regulatory and legislative frameworks to support private sector participation and investment. The goal for the power sector is: Reliable, safe and affordable access to efficient power for all Pacific islanders in both rural and urban parts of the region. Policies outlined were: Improve the efficiency of power production, transmission and distribution to optimize costs and fuel consumption Develop corporatization and commercialization mechanisms for power utilities to facilitate improvements in power production, transmission and distribution Expand where appropriate private sector participation, investment, ownership, and management arrangements for electricity generation, transmission and distribution Establish an enabling and competitive environment for the introduction of independent power providers where these may provide efficient, reliable, and affordable service to consumers Promote appropriate international best-practice regulations and standards for the safe and reliable supply, generation, transmission and distribution of power Support the introduction of new commercially proven technologies and generating systems that are environmentally, economically, financially and socially viable. This framework of encouraging efficiency of existing operations, creating a more conducive climate for private sector participation in generation and supply, and establishing a responsive and accountable regulatory regime are key elements to addressing some of the poor performance statistics outlined above. Source: Castalia Research and CROP Energy Working Group, October 2002, page 7 103
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The Pacific Infrastructure Challeng
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Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Ab
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Figure 8.4: Annual Per Capita Inves
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Box 7.9: ECTEL - Regulatory Coopera
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kWh MDG MIAA MIPA MNOC MOTCA MOU MP
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2 Executive Summary This discussion
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Fiscal, regulatory and policy decis
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Figure 2.2: Estimated Annual Invest
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3 What’s the Purpose of the Discu
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Box 4.2: Improving Infrastructure f
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5 How well are Pacific Countries Pe
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Figure 5.1: Access to Electricity 1
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Water tariffs are often too low In
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Table 6.1 shows that in addition to
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These characteristics mean that Pac
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6.2 Challenges to Institutions and
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6.2.2 Demographic Issues in the Reg
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These high rural populations mean t
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Figure 6.3: Comparison of Defining
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Lack of legal and regulatory suppor
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7 Challenge: How do we Lift Perform
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7.1.2 Poor Policy Design and Coordi
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different, some efficiency may be g
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Figure 7.1: Accountability in Infra
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Box 7.3: Expert Panels can Improve
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Some of these reforms have already
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7.2.2 Choose an Appropriate Reform
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Box 7.5: Public Sector Reforms in t
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Pacific countries, management salar
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Page 62 and 63: While private sector involvement ma
Page 64 and 65: Air services would also benefit fro
Page 66 and 67: 7.2.5 Regional Coordination One opt
Page 68 and 69: 8 What’s the Size of the Challeng
Page 70 and 71: Figure 8.3: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 72 and 73: Figure 8.5: Mainlines Trend 0.600 N
Page 74 and 75: Figure 8.8: Annual Per Capita Inves
Page 76 and 77: Figure 8.11: Total Annual Per Capit
Page 78 and 79: 9 How do we meet the Challenge This
Page 80 and 81: Box 9.3: Can private sector involve
Page 82 and 83: Box 9.6: How can the public sector
Page 84 and 85: The proportion of mainline access a
Page 86 and 87: Box A.2: Introducing Telecommunicat
Page 88 and 89: Universal Access Universal access r
Page 90 and 91: good example of this. The Kiwi Shar
Page 92 and 93: Figure A.7: Reported Faults per 100
Page 94 and 95: Table A.1: Institutional Indicators
Page 96 and 97: and there have been calls to recons
Page 98 and 99: A.2 Electricity Sector Analysis A s
Page 100 and 101: Figure A.10: Average Electricity Ta
Page 102 and 103: Figure A.11: Economies of Scale in
Page 104 and 105: interest rate relief on a US$9m loa
Page 106 and 107: As Figure A.14 shows, Vanuatu perfo
Page 108 and 109: Table A.3: Industry Structure and G
Page 112 and 113: A.3 Water and Sanitation Sector Ana
Page 114 and 115: Figure A.17: Availability of Water
Page 116 and 117: Figure A.20: Staff per 1000 Connect
Page 118 and 119: including full operating expenses a
Page 120 and 121: Corporatization is often employed t
Page 122 and 123: operating costs, collections levels
Page 124 and 125: Figure A.25: Road Network Density v
Page 126 and 127: Federated States of Micronesia at b
Page 128 and 129: In Samoa: Samoa’s Public Works De
Page 130 and 131: Many Pacific countries already outs
Page 132 and 133: 4. Domestic and Pacific Island serv
Page 134 and 135: Figure A.31: TEU Throughput Levels
Page 136 and 137: system reduces cargo handling effic
Page 138 and 139: Economies of Scale Port operations
Page 140 and 141: The landlord model is the most comm
Page 142 and 143: Fiji 84 Ports The Maritime and Port
Page 144 and 145: Apia Port has become one of the bes
Page 146 and 147: Kiribati 90 Ports The Kiribati Port
Page 148 and 149: In Shipping: Services are considere
Page 150 and 151: Figure A.36: Total Passenger Throug
Page 152 and 153: Airline Services Figure A.38 illust
Page 154 and 155: establishment period. For the offic
Page 156 and 157: Vanuatu 101 Airports Vanuatu Limite
Page 158 and 159: Samoa 104 The Samoa Airport Authori
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Institutional Arrangements in Aviat
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Summary of Aviation Analysis The Pa
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Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micr
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Barbados Dominica Grenada Jamaica M
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste T
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EAP - The Pacific Infrastructure Challenge - World Bank (2006).pdf

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