Mauna Kea Oral History Appendix - Office of Mauna Kea Management

Mauna Kea Oral History Appendix - Office of Mauna Kea Management Mauna Kea Oral History Appendix - Office of Mauna Kea Management

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3. With the passing of many years, sometimes that which was heard from elders during one’s childhood 70 or more years ago, may transform into that which the interviewee recalls having actually experienced; 4. In some cases it can be the result of the introduction of information into traditions that is of more recent historical origin; and 5. Some aspects of an interviewee’s recollections may be shaped by a broader world view. In the face of continual change to one’s cultural and natural landscapes, there can evolve a sense of urgency in caring for what has been. In general, it will be seen that the few differences of history and recollections in the cited interviews are minor. If anything, the differences help direct us to questions which may be answered through additional research, or in some cases, pose questions which may never be answered. Diversity in the stories told, should be seen as something that will enhance interpretation, preservation, and longterm management of the land and resources. It should also be noted here, that reconciliation of information among informants is inappropriate within the interview process and is inconsistent with the purpose of oral historical research. The main objective of the oral history interview process is to record the ideas and sentiments personally held by the interviewees as accurately and respectfully as possible, without judgment. Adhering to these standards ensures both the quality and quantity of information obtained from individual interviewees, and facilitates the recording of information that will be of benefit to present and future generations. The oral history process also has another value to contemporary issues such as—the care of ilina (burial sites); the role of families with traditional ties to the lands; and development of interpretive and educational programs. The oral history process provides a means of initiating a meaningful dialogue and partnership with local communities by communicating on the basis, and in a form that is respectful of cultural values and perspectives of individuals representative of their community. Prior to conducting the interviews for this study, Maly prepared a general question format outline. The outline followed a standard approach of identifying who the interviewee was and how the interviewee came to have the knowledge shared. The format then developed topics in conversation pertaining to—knowledge of traditions; places; families on the land; practices; historical occurrences; ranching practices and associated sites; changes on the landscape; and thoughts and recommendations on care for important places. Table 1 is a list of interview participants, identifying their age and how they became familiar with Mauna Kea and the neighboring ‘äina mauna. During the interviews, a packet of historic maps (dating from 1859 to 1932) was referenced (and given to the participants). Depending on the location being discussed and the nature of the resources or features being described, locational information was marked on one or more of the historic maps used during the interviews. During the process of review and release of the recorded interviews, some additional information was recorded. As a result, the released transcripts differ in some aspects from the original recordings. For example, some dates or names referenced were corrected; and some sensitive, personal information was removed from the transcripts. Thus, the final released transcripts supersede the original recorded documentation. Mauna Kea– “Ka Piko Kaulana o ka ‘Äina” Kumu Pono Associates LLC A Collection of Oral History Interviews (HiMK67-050606) A:4

Table 1. Background of Primary Interview Participants (in alphabetical order) Name of Interviewee Year Born Birth Place Theodore “Teddy” Bell 1923 Waimea, South Kohala Howard T. Ellis 1928 Abbeville County, South Carolina L. “Rally” Greenwell 1913 Honoköhau, North Kona Patricia Gilman- Greenwell Helene Hale 1918 Minneapolis, Minnesota Place of Residence Deceased 2002 Waiäkea, Hilo Waimea, South Kohala 1924 Honolulu, O‘ahu Waimea, South Kohala Hilo, Hawai‘i Jess Hannah 1916 Pennsylvania Deceased 2004 G. Kinoulu Kahananui 1925 Kalaoa, Kona Kalaoa, Kona Background Born and raised on the ranch; father managed Waiki‘i Station; lived at Waiki‘i, and worked the ranch lands. Traveled the ranch and mountain lands with elder kama‘äina, learning some of their practices and beliefs. Is descended from families with generations of residency on the land and strong ties to Mauna Kea and the mountain lands. Moved to Hawai‘i in 1961, to work at the Mauna Loa Weather Observatory. Worked with Dr. Gerard Kuiper, Mitsuo Akiyama, and other early participants in the development of astronomy on Mauna Kea. Born to a ranching family in Kona, Rally began working for Parker Ranch in 1934. He supervised Ke‘ämoku Station and other areas of ranch lands, eventually becoming manager of the entire ranch in 1961. Rally traveled all of the ranch lands, and is intimately familiar with its resources and people. He made his first trip to the summit of Mauna Kea in 1937-1938 with elder and kama‘äina ranch hands. He resigned from his position at Parker Ranch in 1971. Wife of Rally Greenwell; traveled the lands with her husband, elder ranch hands and kama‘äina; recorded histories of families on the land. Served as Chairwoman of the Hawai‘i County Board of Supervisors in the early years of development of astronomy on Mauna Kea, and has remained active in matters regarding the ‘äina mauna throughout her career. Moved to Waimea in 1933; married into the Ka‘apuni-Nahale‘ä family. Worked for Parker Ranch, and was responsible for maintenance on the Waihü (Pöhakuloa Gulch) water system. Traveled the land with elder kama‘äina and lived at Waiki‘i between 1938 to 1958. A native speaker, Kupuna Kahananui, worked for Hu‘ehu‘e Ranch, under Parker Ranch, and traveled to Waimea with Hartwell Carter. Learned of Mauna Kea during those trips. Mauna Kea– “Ka Piko Kaulana o ka ‘Äina” Kumu Pono Associates LLC A Collection of Oral History Interviews (HiMK67-050606) A:5

Table 1.<br />

Background <strong>of</strong> Primary Interview Participants<br />

(in alphabetical order)<br />

Name <strong>of</strong><br />

Interviewee<br />

Year<br />

Born<br />

Birth<br />

Place<br />

Theodore “Teddy” Bell 1923 Waimea, South<br />

Kohala<br />

Howard T. Ellis 1928 Abbeville County,<br />

South Carolina<br />

L. “Rally” Greenwell 1913 Honoköhau, North<br />

Kona<br />

Patricia Gilman-<br />

Greenwell<br />

Helene Hale 1918 Minneapolis,<br />

Minnesota<br />

Place <strong>of</strong><br />

Residence<br />

Deceased 2002<br />

Waiäkea, Hilo<br />

Waimea, South<br />

Kohala<br />

1924 Honolulu, O‘ahu Waimea, South<br />

Kohala<br />

Hilo, Hawai‘i<br />

Jess Hannah 1916 Pennsylvania Deceased 2004<br />

G. Kinoulu Kahananui 1925 Kalaoa, Kona Kalaoa, Kona<br />

Background<br />

Born and raised on the ranch; father<br />

managed Waiki‘i Station; lived at<br />

Waiki‘i, and worked the ranch lands.<br />

Traveled the ranch and mountain lands<br />

with elder kama‘äina, learning some <strong>of</strong><br />

their practices and beliefs. Is<br />

descended from families with<br />

generations <strong>of</strong> residency on the land<br />

and strong ties to <strong>Mauna</strong> <strong>Kea</strong> and the<br />

mountain lands.<br />

Moved to Hawai‘i in 1961, to work at<br />

the <strong>Mauna</strong> Loa Weather Observatory.<br />

Worked with Dr. Gerard Kuiper, Mitsuo<br />

Akiyama, and other early participants<br />

in the development <strong>of</strong> astronomy on<br />

<strong>Mauna</strong> <strong>Kea</strong>.<br />

Born to a ranching family in Kona,<br />

Rally began working for Parker Ranch<br />

in 1934. He supervised Ke‘ämoku<br />

Station and other areas <strong>of</strong> ranch lands,<br />

eventually becoming manager <strong>of</strong> the<br />

entire ranch in 1961. Rally traveled all<br />

<strong>of</strong> the ranch lands, and is intimately<br />

familiar with its resources and people.<br />

He made his first trip to the summit <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Mauna</strong> <strong>Kea</strong> in 1937-1938 with elder<br />

and kama‘äina ranch hands. He<br />

resigned from his position at Parker<br />

Ranch in 1971.<br />

Wife <strong>of</strong> Rally Greenwell; traveled the<br />

lands with her husband, elder ranch<br />

hands and kama‘äina; recorded<br />

histories <strong>of</strong> families on the land.<br />

Served as Chairwoman <strong>of</strong> the Hawai‘i<br />

County Board <strong>of</strong> Supervisors in the<br />

early years <strong>of</strong> development <strong>of</strong><br />

astronomy on <strong>Mauna</strong> <strong>Kea</strong>, and has<br />

remained active in matters regarding<br />

the ‘äina mauna throughout her career.<br />

Moved to Waimea in 1933; married<br />

into the Ka‘apuni-Nahale‘ä family.<br />

Worked for Parker Ranch, and was<br />

responsible for maintenance on the<br />

Waihü (Pöhakuloa Gulch) water<br />

system. Traveled the land with elder<br />

kama‘äina and lived at Waiki‘i between<br />

1938 to 1958.<br />

A native speaker, Kupuna Kahananui,<br />

worked for Hu‘ehu‘e Ranch, under<br />

Parker Ranch, and traveled to Waimea<br />

with Hartwell Carter. Learned <strong>of</strong> <strong>Mauna</strong><br />

<strong>Kea</strong> during those trips.<br />

<strong>Mauna</strong> <strong>Kea</strong>– “Ka Piko Kaulana o ka ‘Äina”<br />

Kumu Pono Associates LLC<br />

A Collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>Oral</strong> <strong>History</strong> Interviews (HiMK67-050606) A:5

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