English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
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When analysing the solutions for the electric and thermal power industry, the potential impact of<br />
these solutions on the environment should be taken into consideration.<br />
Promoting and stimulating the generation of power from renewable resources.<br />
Having in view the possibility of obtaining electric and thermal power through the burning of waste<br />
materials, an analysis must be made of the effects on the reduction of pollution, in concurrence with<br />
municipal management policies.<br />
d) Energy usage<br />
CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS<br />
Regarding the production of primary power resources, <strong>Romania</strong> depends on import for over<br />
36% of them. As compared to other E.U. countries, for example Austria, Belgium, etc., that have to<br />
import over 50% of their primary power resources, <strong>Romania</strong> has a lower dependency rate. At present, the<br />
import of power resources constitutes a financial burden of $2.2 billion US for <strong>Romania</strong>.<br />
Since in 1998 <strong>Romania</strong> was highly dependent on imports of methane gas, oil and oil products<br />
(that represent over 80% of total imports) <strong>Romania</strong> needs to diversify its suppliers, especially those that<br />
supply methane gas. Presently, <strong>Romania</strong> depends on a single supplier of methane gas, namely the Russian<br />
Federation. Economically and strategically it is not advisable for this situation to continue.<br />
The industrial sector still occupies a significant percentage of the total consumption, namely<br />
60%. In 1989, the population's consumption of power represented only 8% of total consumption;<br />
this has now increased to some extent. Recently, industrial consumption of electricity has been<br />
decreasing continuously as a result of economic recession and the implementation of restructuring<br />
programmes.<br />
The structure of electric power consumption in <strong>Romania</strong>, 1998<br />
Total resources 53,666.5<br />
Total consumption: 46,213.7<br />
Economy 37,957.8<br />
Public lighting 397.7<br />
Population 7858.2<br />
Source: Statistical Bulletin No. 1/1999<br />
The present situation of power consumption displays the following aspects:<br />
The industrial sector is the largest energy consumer (over 60% of total consumption)<br />
<strong>Romania</strong>’ economy depends on import for 36% of power resources.<br />
Billion kwh<br />
Table 5.3<br />
e) Guidelines for action leading to sustainable development in the electric and thermal<br />
power industry:<br />
Promoting the use of efficient technologies in the production of power that will have less negative<br />
effects on the environment;<br />
Increasing power efficiency;<br />
Improving regulations and standards;<br />
Adequate fiscal policy;<br />
Promoting research and development;<br />
Introducing and stimulating competition on the domestic markets for the supply of electric and<br />
thermal power.<br />
Promoting the use of efficient technologies in the production of power that will have a<br />
reduced negative effect on the environment:<br />
Improving the traditional technologies at the existing power plants:<br />
Improving the performances of basic components (containers, turbines, pipes) which should<br />
lead to a decrease in the loss of power;<br />
Increasing the performance of the thermodynamic cycle (increasing the initial temperature<br />
and pressure, introducing repeated intermediary overheating, increasing the degree of<br />
renewable pre-heating, decreasing condensation pressure)<br />
Reduction of toxic gas emissions into the atmosphere.<br />
Introducing and developing installations based on cycles that combine gas and steam (CCGS).<br />
Increasing efficiency through the combined production of several types of energy. This can be<br />
accomplished by using extensively a system of co-generation to produce both electric power and heat<br />
simultaneously.<br />
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