English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania

When analysing the solutions for the electric and thermal power industry, the potential impact of
these solutions on the environment should be taken into consideration.
Promoting and stimulating the generation of power from renewable resources.
Having in view the possibility of obtaining electric and thermal power through the burning of waste
materials, an analysis must be made of the effects on the reduction of pollution, in concurrence with
municipal management policies.
d) Energy usage
CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS
Regarding the production of primary power resources, Romania depends on import for over
36% of them. As compared to other E.U. countries, for example Austria, Belgium, etc., that have to
import over 50% of their primary power resources, Romania has a lower dependency rate. At present, the
import of power resources constitutes a financial burden of $2.2 billion US for Romania.
Since in 1998 Romania was highly dependent on imports of methane gas, oil and oil products
(that represent over 80% of total imports) Romania needs to diversify its suppliers, especially those that
supply methane gas. Presently, Romania depends on a single supplier of methane gas, namely the Russian
Federation. Economically and strategically it is not advisable for this situation to continue.
The industrial sector still occupies a significant percentage of the total consumption, namely
60%. In 1989, the population's consumption of power represented only 8% of total consumption;
this has now increased to some extent. Recently, industrial consumption of electricity has been
decreasing continuously as a result of economic recession and the implementation of restructuring
programmes.
The structure of electric power consumption in Romania, 1998
Total resources 53,666.5
Total consumption: 46,213.7
Economy 37,957.8
Public lighting 397.7
Population 7858.2
Source: Statistical Bulletin No. 1/1999
The present situation of power consumption displays the following aspects:
The industrial sector is the largest energy consumer (over 60% of total consumption)
Romania’ economy depends on import for 36% of power resources.
Billion kwh
Table 5.3
e) Guidelines for action leading to sustainable development in the electric and thermal
power industry:
Promoting the use of efficient technologies in the production of power that will have less negative
effects on the environment;
Increasing power efficiency;
Improving regulations and standards;
Adequate fiscal policy;
Promoting research and development;
Introducing and stimulating competition on the domestic markets for the supply of electric and
thermal power.
Promoting the use of efficient technologies in the production of power that will have a
reduced negative effect on the environment:
Improving the traditional technologies at the existing power plants:
Improving the performances of basic components (containers, turbines, pipes) which should
lead to a decrease in the loss of power;
Increasing the performance of the thermodynamic cycle (increasing the initial temperature
and pressure, introducing repeated intermediary overheating, increasing the degree of
renewable pre-heating, decreasing condensation pressure)
Reduction of toxic gas emissions into the atmosphere.
Introducing and developing installations based on cycles that combine gas and steam (CCGS).
Increasing efficiency through the combined production of several types of energy. This can be
accomplished by using extensively a system of co-generation to produce both electric power and heat
simultaneously.
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