English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania
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Encouragement, stimulation and support for those who wish to become involved in the management<br />
and sustainable use of the soil;<br />
Supporting sustainable use of farmland by special programmes aimed at small agricultural activities,<br />
which represent a major source of food for the rural population and serve as product supply for urban<br />
markets.<br />
All these aspects must be integrated in a national programme of sustainable management and use<br />
of land, with well-established objectives and terms and be materialised in national and regional projects<br />
such as:<br />
Improving the national research system in the areas of soil science and agricultural chemistry, to<br />
gain detailed knowledge of the country’s farm and woodland resources and of the manner in which<br />
they can be best protected, improved, and used in a sustainable manner;<br />
Implementation of a national geographic infrastructure to improve the knowledge and management of<br />
farm- and woodland resources;<br />
Updating the national monitoring system, in order to survey, assess, predict, warn and intervene<br />
operationally, with the purpose of preserving the quality of farm- and woodland;<br />
Updating the national database on farmland quality, reforming the national information system in this<br />
field;<br />
Introduction of expert systems to maximise the use of the productive capacity of certain types of soil,<br />
without permanently damaging their quality or the environment.<br />
Collecting knowledge of natural potentials and establishing the best ways of using land, including<br />
those from areas and regions with special soil problems (eroded, arid, halomorphic and chemically<br />
polluted soils, soils damaged by strip mining, with water in excess located in meadows or flood plains<br />
and the Danube Delta, etc). All such solutions must satisfy economic and environment protection<br />
requirements.<br />
Ecological rehabilitation of farmland.<br />
30<br />
4.5 Biological diversity<br />
Having its legal basis established since 1930, when the first law to protect the natural monuments<br />
was passed, the study and the protection of the natural capital in <strong>Romania</strong> saw a steady development until<br />
The <strong>Romania</strong>n Black Sea Coastline<br />
The <strong>Romania</strong>n Black Sea coastline, with a length of about 243 km, is currently affected by an<br />
intensive and continuous degradation caused by marine erosion. The shoreline is shrinking at an annual rate<br />
varying from a few meters to 15-20 meters for the coastline of the delta (between Sulina and Cap Midia)<br />
and around 0.2-0.5m for the coastline with sea cliffs (Constanta-Vama Veche).<br />
Erosion along the coastline is both natural and man-made. From among the human activities of great<br />
impact on the situation of the coastline one may mention the hydro-technical works on the Danube and its<br />
main tributaries, the ports, and coastal engineering works. The hydro-technical changes performed on the<br />
Danube and its main tributary have caused a fall in the inwash of sediments in the coastal area by over 50%, as<br />
compared to the values registered before the building of the dykes. Thus, a great sedimentary imbalance has<br />
been created in the coastal zone, which has in turn initiated the erosion process. The port facilities and other<br />
technical coastal engineering works such as the protection dykes for the Sulina navigation channel, the<br />
breakwater piers of the Midia, South Constanta and Mangalia ports, the coastline protection works on the<br />
tourist beaches, which also cause large environmental imbalance along the littoral.<br />
Tendencies. Considering the global climatic changes and the general rise in the sea level, as well as<br />
the regional geo-ecological conditions that characterise the Danube - Danube Delta - Black Sea geo-system,<br />
one can estimate that the medium-term erosion process will be at least as active as in the past two decades. The<br />
long-term predictions reveal an extension of beach erosion, especially because of the continuous decrease of<br />
sand material in the coastal area, because of the permanent rise in the sea level and an ever-higher energy level<br />
of the hydro-meteorological factors.<br />
Prevention of littoral erosion. Many countries consider the problem of losing land by erosion of<br />
their coastline to be of national importance. Beach erosion leads to territory loss, but it especially compromises<br />
the tourist industry, causing significant losses to national economies. The process of erosion also disturbs at<br />
times the ecological state of the coastal area almost irreversibly.<br />
the 1960s, thereafter falling into neglect and being completely abandoned in the 1980s. A few years after<br />
1990, the conservation activity experienced a revival. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve was<br />
established, several international conventions regarding the conservation of the biological diversity were