English Version - United Nations Development Programme Romania

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160,000.00 Carbon Dioxid de carbon Dioxide Metan Methan 1,700.00 140,000.00 120,000.00 1,650.00 Mii tone/an 100,000.00 80,000.00 60,000.00 Mii tone/an 1,600.00 1,550.00 40,000.00 1,500.00 20,000.00 0.00 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Anul 1,450.00 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Anul Oxid Nitrous nitros Oxide Carbon Monoxid Monoxid de carbon 45.00 600.00 40.00 35.00 500.00 30.00 400.00 Mii tone/an 25.00 20.00 Mii tone/an 300.00 15.00 200.00 10.00 5.00 100.00 0.00 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Anul 0.00 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Anul Source: National Commission for Statistics Romania does not participate significantly in the global emission of gases, as the values of the releases expressed in carbon during the period 1989-1994 ranged between 2.33 and 1.45 tons per year/inhabitant, that is, well below the values reported by developed countries, but the effects on the health of the population living in certain areas of the country cannot be ignored. In figure 4.1 the evolution of green house gas release during the period 1992-1996, based on methods recommended by the technical body of FCCC, is presented. It will be observed that in order to achieve the aforementioned aim, Romania should have already implemented a national plan to stabilise the green house gas releases. Unfortunately, such a plan does not exist, though it could have been a positive element in the sustainable macro management of the Romanian economy, especially during the transition period. The restructuring and reform efforts should have prepared an action plan in the field of the protection of the air quality as an integral part of a national strategy in a sustainable perspective. The analysis of the stabilisation options for the green house gas releases can be put into practice by evaluating the criteria presented below. Testing the feasibility of these criteria in the Romanian context will prove helpful in structuring the options according to priorities, and choosing those most likely to guarantee the chances of observing the commitments made by Romania with regard to the FCCC. 24
Criteria for evaluating options for the stabilisation of green house gas releases The potential impact of green house gas releases Cost-benefit ratio Direct economic impact, measured by: 1.) Growth of labour force use in Romania 2.) Decrease of imports Harmonisation of the National Strategy and the Action Plan for protecting the environment 1.) Decrease of the amount of released air pollutants 2.) Efficiency in reducing other types of environmental impacts Potential efficiency of the option implementation policies Sustainability of options Harmonisation with Romania’s sustainable development strategy Availability of basic data necessary for the evaluation 1.) Technological needs 2.) Cost of implementation programs 4.2 Water resources As a resource, water is necessary to any life form and in any socio-economic activity and its management is an important branch of the national economy. Unlike other resources, water is irreplaceable and it is permanently renewed in a natural process, the natural water cycle. The quantity and quality of water resources is a determining factor that affects the general development of the national economy and of the territorial management process. 4.2.1 Characteristics of water resources A relatively dense hydrographic network covers Romania and almost its entire area (97,8%) is contained in the Danube basin, with the exception of some rivers in Dobrogea, which flow directly into the Black Sea. Romania's water resources are made up of surface (interior rivers, natural and artificial lakes, the Danube) and subterranean waters. In Table 4.2 different types of water resources are given, according to the average flow on the inner rivers and the Danube, relative to the physical and geographical situation of various hydrographic basins as well as the theoretical and practical systematisation. The Black Sea water resources are not taken into consideration for the moment, due to technical and economical difficulties related to the desalination process. The principal water resource in Romania consists of the interior rivers, 4864 in total, with an overall length of 78.905 km. In an average hydrological year, 40 billion cubic meters of water flow through these rivers. Out of the total average surface waters, 99,8% flow into the Danube and only 0,2% into the Black Sea. A basic characteristic of this type of resource is the variable relation between flow volume and surface area: In the mountain areas, which account for half of the total flow volume, only 17% of the country's area may be found. The average hydrographic flow rates vary from less than 1 l/s and square km in the lower regions of the Romanian Plain, in most of Dobrogea, the Siret Plain, the south-western part of the Timis and Arad Plains, to 1,5 l/s and square km in the greatest part of the Romanian Plains including the Oltenia Plain, the hilly region of Oltenia and Muntenia, the Transylvania plateau, the Somes Plateau, the greater part of Moldavia and the grassland area in the west, to 40 l/s and square km in the high areas of the Fagaras and Retezat Mountains. Water Resources Table 4.2 Resource Category Theoretical resource, Billion m 3 Technically usable, billion m 3 Technically usable resources under the present conditions, billion m³ 25
Page 1 and 2: ROMANIA National Sustainable Develo
Page 3 and 4: The Prime Minister of Romania Roman
Page 5 and 6: The President of the Romanian Acade
Page 7 and 8: First Part: Objectives and Prioriti
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 2 Priorities of Sustainable
Page 11 and 12: According to some surveys of school
Page 13 and 14: udget debts, and of social pressure
Page 15 and 16: tendency - provoked by the foreign
Page 17 and 18: The energy sector in Romania is fac
Page 19 and 20: The most likely scenario for Romani
Page 21: surveying networks corresponding to
Page 25 and 26: The basin principle , according to
Page 27 and 28: 80% of the lignite and brown coal r
Page 29 and 30: entered into, new environment prote
Page 31 and 32: Table 4.3 Indices of forestry resou
Page 33 and 34: Improving the logistics level in or
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 5 Evaluation and the Develo
Page 37 and 38: When drawing up the stages for the
Page 39 and 40: The future of the energy industry m
Page 41 and 42: Increasing efficient user consumpti
Page 43 and 44: Increasing the contribution of this
Page 45 and 46: In this context, the strategy for t
Page 47 and 48: Increasing of the financial, resear
Page 49 and 50: inspecting the technical condition
Page 51 and 52: Ensuring availability of human reso
Page 53 and 54: 5.8 Trade During the last few years
Page 55 and 56: demand to these products, the gover
Page 57 and 58: -million lei- Total spending: 1,465
Page 59 and 60: Aluminium 33 40 10 24 Paper and car
Page 61 and 62: In 1994, the National Bank adopted
Page 63 and 64: Generally speaking though, the insu
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER 6 Evaluation and Developmen
Page 67 and 68: growing population as the result of
Page 69 and 70: APVP = potential lost life years (d
Page 71 and 72: allocated for health increases only
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The legal framework, as well as the
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Speeding up reforms in the field of
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6.5.3 Non-governmental organisation
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Fig. 6.2 -Internal migration Thous.
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Unidentified materials 300 thousand
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Providing housing for all the popul
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Healthy economic growth, efficientl
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The result of the differentiated co
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Establishing certain priorities and
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Key actions and commitments of the
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8.2 Financial policies The principl
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8.3.2 Premises SME development in R
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The threat of increased pressure on
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CHAPTER 9 Social policies The subst
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The current system functions based
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CHAPTER 10 The institutional framew
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CHAPTER 11 Territorial planning Ter
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CHAPTER 12 External Policy and Nati
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) Flexible reallocation of necessar
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CHAPTER 13 Development of Infrastru
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structure for a thorough, comprehen
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NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ST
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