technical report on the nechalacho deposit, thor lake project ...

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Table 8-1 continued moderately altered; primary minerals altered, primary textures preserved fresh or weakly altered; primary minerals and textures commonly preserved magmatic mineralizati on 67 ZIRCONO-SILICATE CUMULATES (ALTERED) eudialyte/zircon pseudomorphs cumulate. Some remobilization. (former MRZ, 2b basal zone) 65 HETEROGENEOUS SYENITE (ALTERED) 63 FOYAITE II coarse-grained, foyaitic syenite underlying cumulate zone a - pegmatitic 61 K-FELDSPAR PEGMATITE 60 LAYERED SODIC SYENITES fresh, green aegirine and white plagioclase (+/- nepheline) a. aegirine nepheline albite syenite b. sodalite nepheline syenite c. aegirine nepheline K-spar syenite 49 SPOTTED AEGIRINE AMPHIBOLE SYENITE 48 BIOTITE SODALITE AEGIRINE SYENITE 47 LAYERED BIOTITE SODALITE ALBITE SYENITE 45 FOYAITE 3 43 SODALITE AEGIRINE AMPHIBOLE PEGMATITE 99 UNKNOWN a - pervasive albitization - unknown precursor b - pervasive mafic alteration - unknown precursor c - pervasive fluorite-illite metasomatism 96 FAULT 97 BRECCIA a. Green breccia unit b. other The primary peralkaline rocks have been altered by pervasive hydrothermal and metasomatic fluids. This has resulted in the partial to complete replacement of the Nechalacho syenite unit in the areas of mineralization. During metasomatic replacement a new assemblage of biotite, magnetite, specularite, albite and/or chlorite is generated and these minerals tend to be associated with the rare metals and rare earth elements within the resource. The last events in the metasomatic sequence include the generation of microcline, albite and related silicification. There is some suggestion that the early-formed rocks were affected by various forms of presolidification displacement such as magmatic re-sedimentation, magmatic scouring, and possibly foundering during cooling. The effect of these processes is to obscure lithological correlations from cross-section to cross-section and give the impression of structural displacement. In contrast, the metasomatic rocks generally show a good chemical correlation Technical Report 43-101 – March 13, 2011 Page 8-4 Prepared by Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
from section to section - this may be a reflection of pressure/temperature differences or a chemical disequilibrium boundary. REE, Ta, Nb and Zr mineralization in the Nechalacho deposit occurs in broad, enriched subhorizontal replacement zones, in addition to being widely disseminated over much of the deposit. Minerals hosting these elements are primarily zircon, fergusonite, ferro-columbite, allanite, monazite, bastnaesite and synchisite. The highest grades of HREEs, LREEs, niobium, and tantalum tend to occur in magnetite-hematite and zircon-rich areas within the sub-horizontal replacement zones. The Nechalacho deposit is hosted by a layered magmatic peralkaline intrusion of aegirine syenites, nepheline syenites and related cumulates. REE-bearing minerals were originally deposited in-situ as disseminated grains, probably eudyalite, during cooling and as cyclic cumulate layers. Hydrothermal alteration of these original zircon-silicates has partially remobilized the REE’s, particularly the LREE’s as part of the process of metasomatism. For the LREEs, remobilization appears to be fairly local, but could also have been more extensive, depositing LREE’s in zones away from their original site of crystallization. HREE’s do not appear to be remobilized and their occurrence is considered to be in-situ. Technical Report 43-101 – March 13, 2011 Page 8-5 Prepared by Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
Page 1 and 2: TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE NECHALACHO
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY ......
Page 5 and 6: QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL
Page 7 and 8: Warehouse..........................
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Summary of
Page 11 and 12: Table 18-9 Mine Ventilation Quantit
Page 13 and 14: Table 18-54 Table 18-55 Pine Point
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A Block
Page 17 and 18: Table 1-1 Summary of Mineral Resour
Page 19 and 20: Royalties. The net revenue generate
Page 21 and 22: • The products will be shipped in
Page 23 and 24: • Income taxes and NWT mining roy
Page 25 and 26: 2. INTRODUCTION This report
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-2 Project Sites, Thor Lake
Page 29 and 30: Table 2-1 Rare Earth Element Data A
Page 31 and 32: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Units of meas
Page 33 and 34: 4. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATIO
Page 35 and 36: The mining leases have a 21-year li
Page 37 and 38: 5. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RE
Page 39 and 40: Fort Resolution is located on the s
Page 41 and 42: producing a tantalum concentrate, b
Page 43 and 44: Figure 7-2 Detailed Deposit Geology
Page 45 and 46: The nepheline-sodalite syenite host
Page 47 and 48: LATE TECTONIC FAULTS Faults are pre
Page 49 and 50: 8. DEPOSIT TYPES The mineral deposi
Page 51: The Ore (Nechalacho) Nepheline Soda
Page 55 and 56: Table 9-1 Average Percent of Ore Mi
Page 57 and 58: The Nechalacho deposit alteration s
Page 59 and 60: 11. DRILLING Since 1977, diamond dr
Page 61 and 62: Foraco drill rig was added in Febru
Page 63 and 64: CORE LOGGING AND CORE RECOVERY The
Page 65 and 66: A high R 2 (and all regressions had
Page 67 and 68: 12. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH A
Page 69 and 70: such as Illimausaq in Greenland, a
Page 71 and 72: 13. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AN
Page 73 and 74: limited set of elements; however, s
Page 75 and 76: CONCLUSIONS Avalon’s conclusions
Page 77 and 78: Tb and Dy) were routinely monitored
Page 79 and 80: As part of the QA/QC program, Avalo
Page 81 and 82: Table 14-4: Comparison of Niobium,
Page 83 and 84: shows more deviation, with ALS MS81
Page 85 and 86: 16. MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLUR
Page 87 and 88: In a typical test, for example CCr-
Page 89 and 90: 17. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RE
Page 91 and 92: 9. TREO equivalent is estimated by
Page 93 and 94: Table 17-4 Sample Information Avalo
Page 95 and 96: Figure 17-1 Distribution of REO Com
Page 97 and 98: Assay Statistics for Upper Zone* *
Page 99 and 100: CUT-OFF GRADE A previous public res
Page 101 and 102: underneath for SG measurement purpo
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 17-4 Density Measurements AL
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was equal to 60 m by 60 m by 30 m a
Page 107 and 108:
Table 17-12 Detailed Resource Break
Page 109 and 110:
Table 17-13 Indicated Mineral Resou
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Figure 17-7 Outline of Area of Indi
Page 113 and 114:
The recoveries estimated for the fl
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grades were based upon the grades w
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 18-1 Thor Lake Site Layout T
Page 119 and 120:
Scott Wilson RPA recommends the use
Page 121 and 122:
During discussions with the mine de
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 18-4 Mine Layout Some of the
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 18-5 Mine Development Schema
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Table 18-2 Development Tonnage Brea
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Until the crusher is in place and t
Page 131 and 132:
Lateral Development The access decl
Page 133 and 134:
Equipment will be selected based up
Page 135 and 136:
Table 18-6 Estimated Electrical Loa
Page 137 and 138:
VENTILATION The mine ventilation is
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for closing unused areas and for ch
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Mine Fan Horse Power Using the same
Page 143 and 144:
Paste Fill System A paste fill syst
Page 145 and 146:
Communications Mine communications
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completion of the 30 m to 50 m long
Page 149 and 150:
HEALTH AND SAFETY All crew will be
Page 151 and 152:
The crushing plant is designed for
Page 153 and 154:
Table 18-12 (Cont’d) Principal Pr
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 18-9 Hydrometallurgical Plan
Page 157 and 158:
The Pine Point hydrometallurgical f
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Decant pipeworks have been included
Page 161 and 162:
• Development of pre-feasibility
Page 163 and 164:
Design Basis The pre-feasibility le
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non-woven geotextile) to prevent da
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divert surface drainage away from r
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A high pressure (200 psi) compresse
Page 171 and 172:
Fuel deliveries are assumed to be s
Page 173 and 174:
Mill Supplies The key mill supplies
Page 175 and 176:
Table 18-15 Surface Equipment Fleet
Page 177 and 178:
Figure 18-10 Thor Lake Temporary Ba
Page 179 and 180:
• Together with the unloading log
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it will be necessary to upgrade the
Page 183 and 184:
Table 18-16 Hydrometallurgical Plan
Page 185 and 186:
Table 18-17 Surface Mobile Equipmen
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Rare Earth FOB China* FOB China** P
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• loparite and eudialyte in alkal
Page 191 and 192:
Table 18-18 Rare Earth supply - 200
Page 193 and 194:
Table 18-20 Rare Earth Demand by Ap
Page 195 and 196:
Table 18-22 Proposed New REO Projec
Page 197 and 198:
in China. On this basis, Avalon is
Page 199 and 200:
Determine Prices for Avalon’s Pro
Page 201 and 202:
The balance of niobium supply is co
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epresenting about 18% of total zirc
Page 205 and 206:
Table 18-25 Historic Chinese Export
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 18-16 Tantalum Markets - 200
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the price for tantalum chemicals in
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Surface Hydrology The Thor Lake dra
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seven) have occurred more frequentl
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elative to uranium, the overall eff
Page 217 and 218:
interviews conducted for the nearby
Page 219 and 220:
Wildlife Early science-based wildli
Page 221 and 222:
Other environmental permits/approva
Page 223 and 224:
TAXES The NWT diesel tax has been i
Page 225 and 226:
Table 18-31 Mine Capital Cost Estim
Page 227 and 228:
Table 18-33 Surface Infrastructure
Page 229 and 230:
Table 18-36 Indirect Cost Estimate
Page 231 and 232:
Table 18-37 Contingency Allowance A
Page 233 and 234:
Operating Cost Exclusions The opera
Page 235 and 236:
Table 18-40 Underground Mine Cost S
Page 237 and 238:
Table 18-41 Mine Cost Details Avalo
Page 239 and 240:
Thor Lake Surface The Thor Lake sur
Page 241 and 242:
Table 18-45 Sales and Marketing Cos
Page 243 and 244:
Table 18-47 Rail Car Load Limits Av
Page 245 and 246:
there will be no overhauls in the i
Page 247 and 248:
Other supplies and freight will be
Page 249 and 250:
Table 18-55 Hydrometallurgical Plan
Page 251 and 252:
Table 18-56 Cash Flow Summary Techn
Page 253 and 254:
The sensitivity of the base case 8%
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19. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
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• The Mineral Reserves, which hav
Page 259 and 260:
20. RECOMMENDATIONS The authors of
Page 261 and 262:
21. REFERENCES BCC Research (2009):
Page 263 and 264:
MDN Inc (2010): News Release Melvil
Page 265 and 266:
Wardrop Engineering Inc. (2009): Th
Page 267 and 268:
23. CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERSO
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CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON I,
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CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON I,
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Section 416000 Section 416100 Secti
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Technical Report 43-101 - March 13,
Page 281 and 282:
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