technical report on the nechalacho deposit, thor lake project ...

Table 2-1
Rare Earth Element Data
Avalon Rare Metals Inc – Thor Lake Project
Classification
Symbol
Atomic
Number
Valence
Atomic
Weight
Crustal
Abundance
(ppm)
Oxides
Cerium Group
(light rare earths)
Lanthanum La 57 3 138.92 29 La 2 O 3
Cerium Ce 58 3,4 140.13 70 Ce 2 O 3
Praseodymium Pr 59 3,4 140.92 9 Pr 2 O 3
Neodymium Nd 60 3 144.92 37 Nd 2 O 3
Promethium 1 Pm 61 3 145 - none
Samarium Sm 62 2,3 150.43 8 Sm 2 O 3
Europium Eu 63 2,3 152 1.3 Eu 2 O 3
Gadolinium Gd 64 3 156.9 8 Gd 2 O 3
Yttrium Group
(heavy rare earths)
Yttrium Y 39 3 88.92 29 Y 2 O 3
Terbium Tb 65 3,4 159.2 2.5 Tb 2 O 3
Dysprosium Dy 66 3 162.46 5 Dy 2 O 3
Holmium Ho 67 3 164.92 1.7 Ho 2 O 5
Erbium Er 68 3 167.2 3.3 Er 2 O 3
Thulium Tm 69 3 169.4 0.27 Tm 2 O 3
Ytterbium Yb 70 2,3 173.04 0.33 Yb 2 O 3
Lutetium Lu 71 3 174.99 0.8 Lu 2 O 3
1 Does not occur in nature. It is radioactive and unstable.
Applications of Rare Earth Elements
Rare earth elements are used in numerous applications in electronics, lighting, magnets,
catalysts, high performance batteries and other advanced materials products. They are
essential in these applications, with little to no potential for substitution by other materials. In
some applications, selected rare earths may be substituted for each other, although with
possible reductions in product performance. Table 2-2 illustrates some of the major applications
for the rare earths to be produced at the Thor Lake Project.
Technical Report 43-101 – March 13, 2011 Page 2-5
Prepared by Avalon Rare Metals Inc.