technical report on the nechalacho deposit, thor lake project ...

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Table 18-18 Distribution of Rare Earths by Source –China Avalon Rare Metals Inc. – Thor Lake Project Source Baotou, Inner Mongolia Sichuan Guangdong Longnan, Jiangxi Mountain Pass, Ca Mt. Weld, W. Australia 1 Ore Type Bastnaesite Concentrate Bastnaesite Concentrate High-Eu clay High-Y clay Bastnaesite Monazite TREO in Concentrate 2 50% 50% 92% 95% Element La 23 29.2 30.4 2.1 33.2 25.5 Ce 50.1 50.3 1.9 0.2 49.1 46.74 Pr 5 4.6 6.6 0.8 4.34 5.32 Nd 18 13 24.4 4.5 12 18.5 Sm 1.6 1.5 5.2 5 0.789 2.27 Eu 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.118 0.44 Gd 0.8 0.5 4.8 7.2 0.166 1 Tb 0.3 0 0.6 1 0.0159 0.07 Dy 0 0.2 3.6 7.2 0.0312 0.12 Er 0 0 1.8 4 0.0035 0.1 Y 0.2 0.5 20 62 0.0913 trace Ho-Tm-Yb-Lu 0.8 0 0 5.9 0.0067 trace Total TREO 100 100 100 100 99.9 100 1 Central Zone pit assays for La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy, Eu, and Tb 2 TREO contents of China clays represent the relative amounts in concentrate produced from the clay deposits Source: Neo-Materials International, Harben, Lynas Corp. Technical Report 43-101 – March 13, 2011 Page 18-75 Prepared by Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
Table 18-18 Rare Earth supply – 2008 Avalon Rare Metals Inc. – Thor Lake Project Source Supply (tonnes) China Baotou 66,000 Sichuan 10,000 - 15,000 Ionic Clay Regions 36,000 Others Recycling ~5,000 Russia 2,500 - 3,000 India 100 Mountain Pass 2,000 Total 121,600 - 127,100 Source: Roskill Information Services, 2010 It is most probable that effective production capacity in 2008 was approximately 125,000 tonnes contained rare earth oxide (REO). The Chinese government has instituted new regulations affecting licensing of rare earth production and is strongly encouraging and supporting the consolidation of the industry by major state-owned companies. Production licence quotas for concentrate have been reduced from 129,178 tonnes in 2008 to 119,500 tonnes in 2009. This quota level will remain in force until at least July 2010 and likely longer, given recent (June 2010) announcements from the Chinese authorities. In early July 2010, the Chinese authorities also announced a significant reduction in the rare earth concentrate and metal export quotas available for the second half of 2010. The reduction in export quotas is anticipated to extend into 2011 and beyond as the Chinese authorities seek to promote domestic value-added rare earth production, at the expense of exports of concentrates and unprocessed metal and oxides. These supply limitations are anticipated to maintain upward pressure on rare earth prices for non-Chinese consumers. The Chinese government is also actively engaged in supporting the consolidation of the rare earth industry, especially with respect to crude ore supply from illegal mining. Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-tech Company has taken effective control of mining and concentrate production of rare earths in Inner Mongolia, as has Jiangxi Copper at Mianning, Sichuan (although some illegal mining activity continues in Sichuan). China Minmetals Corporation has been consolidating control of rare earth production from the ionic clay deposits in Jiangxi Province, and the provincial authorities in Guangdong are encouraging consolidation of production. Chinalco has also become involved in the consolidation of the rare earth industry in Technical Report 43-101 – March 13, 2011 Page 18-76 Prepared by Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE NECHALACHO
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY ......
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QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL
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Warehouse..........................
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Summary of
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Table 18-9 Mine Ventilation Quantit
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Table 18-54 Table 18-55 Pine Point
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LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A Block
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Table 1-1 Summary of Mineral Resour
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Royalties. The net revenue generate
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• The products will be shipped in
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• Income taxes and NWT mining roy
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2. INTRODUCTION This report
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Figure 2-2 Project Sites, Thor Lake
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Table 2-1 Rare Earth Element Data A
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Units of meas
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4. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATIO
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The mining leases have a 21-year li
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5. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RE
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Fort Resolution is located on the s
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producing a tantalum concentrate, b
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Figure 7-2 Detailed Deposit Geology
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The nepheline-sodalite syenite host
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LATE TECTONIC FAULTS Faults are pre
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8. DEPOSIT TYPES The mineral deposi
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The Ore (Nechalacho) Nepheline Soda
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from section to section - this may
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Table 9-1 Average Percent of Ore Mi
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The Nechalacho deposit alteration s
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11. DRILLING Since 1977, diamond dr
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Foraco drill rig was added in Febru
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CORE LOGGING AND CORE RECOVERY The
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A high R 2 (and all regressions had
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12. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH A
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such as Illimausaq in Greenland, a
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13. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AN
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limited set of elements; however, s
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CONCLUSIONS Avalon’s conclusions
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Tb and Dy) were routinely monitored
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As part of the QA/QC program, Avalo
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Table 14-4: Comparison of Niobium,
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shows more deviation, with ALS MS81
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16. MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLUR
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In a typical test, for example CCr-
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17. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RE
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9. TREO equivalent is estimated by
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Table 17-4 Sample Information Avalo
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Figure 17-1 Distribution of REO Com
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Assay Statistics for Upper Zone* *
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CUT-OFF GRADE A previous public res
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underneath for SG measurement purpo
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Figure 17-4 Density Measurements AL
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was equal to 60 m by 60 m by 30 m a
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Table 17-12 Detailed Resource Break
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Table 17-13 Indicated Mineral Resou
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Figure 17-7 Outline of Area of Indi
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The recoveries estimated for the fl
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grades were based upon the grades w
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Figure 18-1 Thor Lake Site Layout T
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Scott Wilson RPA recommends the use
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During discussions with the mine de
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Figure 18-4 Mine Layout Some of the
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Figure 18-5 Mine Development Schema
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Table 18-2 Development Tonnage Brea
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Until the crusher is in place and t
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Lateral Development The access decl
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Equipment will be selected based up
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Table 18-6 Estimated Electrical Loa
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VENTILATION The mine ventilation is
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Page 141 and 142: Mine Fan Horse Power Using the same
Page 143 and 144: Paste Fill System A paste fill syst
Page 145 and 146: Communications Mine communications
Page 147 and 148: completion of the 30 m to 50 m long
Page 149 and 150: HEALTH AND SAFETY All crew will be
Page 151 and 152: The crushing plant is designed for
Page 153 and 154: Table 18-12 (Cont’d) Principal Pr
Page 155 and 156: Figure 18-9 Hydrometallurgical Plan
Page 157 and 158: The Pine Point hydrometallurgical f
Page 159 and 160: Decant pipeworks have been included
Page 161 and 162: • Development of pre-feasibility
Page 163 and 164: Design Basis The pre-feasibility le
Page 165 and 166: non-woven geotextile) to prevent da
Page 167 and 168: divert surface drainage away from r
Page 169 and 170: A high pressure (200 psi) compresse
Page 171 and 172: Fuel deliveries are assumed to be s
Page 173 and 174: Mill Supplies The key mill supplies
Page 175 and 176: Table 18-15 Surface Equipment Fleet
Page 177 and 178: Figure 18-10 Thor Lake Temporary Ba
Page 179 and 180: • Together with the unloading log
Page 181 and 182: it will be necessary to upgrade the
Page 183 and 184: Table 18-16 Hydrometallurgical Plan
Page 185 and 186: Table 18-17 Surface Mobile Equipmen
Page 187 and 188: Rare Earth FOB China* FOB China** P
Page 189: • loparite and eudialyte in alkal
Page 193 and 194: Table 18-20 Rare Earth Demand by Ap
Page 195 and 196: Table 18-22 Proposed New REO Projec
Page 197 and 198: in China. On this basis, Avalon is
Page 199 and 200: Determine Prices for Avalon’s Pro
Page 201 and 202: The balance of niobium supply is co
Page 203 and 204: epresenting about 18% of total zirc
Page 205 and 206: Table 18-25 Historic Chinese Export
Page 207 and 208: Figure 18-16 Tantalum Markets - 200
Page 209 and 210: the price for tantalum chemicals in
Page 211 and 212: Surface Hydrology The Thor Lake dra
Page 213 and 214: seven) have occurred more frequentl
Page 215 and 216: elative to uranium, the overall eff
Page 217 and 218: interviews conducted for the nearby
Page 219 and 220: Wildlife Early science-based wildli
Page 221 and 222: Other environmental permits/approva
Page 223 and 224: TAXES The NWT diesel tax has been i
Page 225 and 226: Table 18-31 Mine Capital Cost Estim
Page 227 and 228: Table 18-33 Surface Infrastructure
Page 229 and 230: Table 18-36 Indirect Cost Estimate
Page 231 and 232: Table 18-37 Contingency Allowance A
Page 233 and 234: Operating Cost Exclusions The opera
Page 235 and 236: Table 18-40 Underground Mine Cost S
Page 237 and 238: Table 18-41 Mine Cost Details Avalo
Page 239 and 240: Thor Lake Surface The Thor Lake sur
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Table 18-45 Sales and Marketing Cos
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Table 18-47 Rail Car Load Limits Av
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there will be no overhauls in the i
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Other supplies and freight will be
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Table 18-55 Hydrometallurgical Plan
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Table 18-56 Cash Flow Summary Techn
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The sensitivity of the base case 8%
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19. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
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• The Mineral Reserves, which hav
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20. RECOMMENDATIONS The authors of
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21. REFERENCES BCC Research (2009):
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MDN Inc (2010): News Release Melvil
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Wardrop Engineering Inc. (2009): Th
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23. CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERSO
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CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON I,
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CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON I,
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Section 416000 Section 416100 Secti
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Technical Report 43-101 - March 13,
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