Stormwater Management Standards Manual - Toledo Metropolitan ...

TMACOG
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
STANDARDS MANUAL
THIRD EDITION
SEPTEMBER 2008
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to the members of the Stormwater Action Group for their dedication and hard work in preparing
this manual, and in particular to Jason Sisco of the Wood County Engineer’s Office, Marcus Ricci of the Lucas
Soil and Water Conservation District, and Travis Andres, TMACOG intern and University of Toledo Graduate
Student.
This document was prepared with funding from members of the TMACOG Stormwater Coalition.
Cover image: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA — Johnson Space Center
10 July 2006. “Astronaut Photography of Earth — Display Record.: http://weol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................................................................14
TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................................15
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................19
1.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................19
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL AND REVISION ITEMS ..............................................................................................19
1.3 IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON WATER QUANTITY...........................................................................................21
1.3.1 Changes in Watershed Hydrology ................................................................................................................22
1.3.2 Changes in Stream Morphology ...................................................................................................................22
1.4 IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON WATER QUALITY .............................................................................................23
1.5 FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS .............................................................23
1.5.1 Nonstructural Controls.................................................................................................................................26
1.5.2 Structural Controls .......................................................................................................................................26
CHAPTER 2 – STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS...........................................28
2.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................28
2.1 PROCEDURES.....................................................................................................................................................28
2.2 DEFINITIONS OF DISTURBANCE, CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY, AND DEVELOPMENT .............................................28
2.2.1 Disturbance: .....................................................................................................................................................28
2.2.2 Construction Activity: .......................................................................................................................................28
2.2.3 Development: ....................................................................................................................................................29
2.3 EXEMPTIONS FROM THESE STANDARDS..............................................................................................................29
2.4 DISTURBANCE IN FLOODPLAINS, FLOODWAYS OR WETLANDS ..........................................................................29
2.5 SITE PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS.........................................................................................................................30
2.5.1 Submittal Requirements for Site Plans.........................................................................................................30
2.5.2 Additional Submittal Requirements for Site Plans Greater than 100 Acres .................................................31
2.6 CONTACT INFORMATION FOR LOCAL JURISDICTIONS.........................................................................................33
CHAPTER 3 – RUNOFF REDUCTION HIERARCHY AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR RUNOFF
AND RETENTION...........................................................................................................................................................38
3.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................38
3.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................38
3.2 RUNOFF REDUCTION HIERARCHY......................................................................................................................39
3.2.1 Non-Structural Controls ...............................................................................................................................39
3.2.2 Structural Controls .......................................................................................................................................40
3.3 RUNOFF CALCULATIONS....................................................................................................................................42
3.3.1 Development of 100 acres or less ................................................................................................................42
3.3.2 Development greater than 100 acres............................................................................................................45
3.3.3 Downstream Analysis ...................................................................................................................................46
3.4 CONTROL VOLUMES ..........................................................................................................................................47
3.5 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES....................................................................................................................................47
3.5.1 Pumps ...............................................................................................................................................................47
3.5.2 Capacity............................................................................................................................................................48
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3.5.3 Drainage Structure Location ............................................................................................................................49
3.5.4 Curb Inlets ........................................................................................................................................................49
3.5.5 Discharge..........................................................................................................................................................49
3.5.6 Pipe Criteria ................................................................................................................................................49
CHAPTER 4 - CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROL .................................................................................51
4.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................51
4.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.........................................................................................................................................51
4.1.1 Exclusions: Activities that are not Subject to Construction Site Runoff Control.........................................52
4.1.2 Conflicts, Severability, Nuisances and Responsibility .................................................................................52
4.2 APPLICATION PROCEDURES ..............................................................................................................................52
4.2.1 Compliance with State and Federal Regulations..........................................................................................53
4.3 DUTY TO INFORM CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS................................................................................53
4.4 DEVELOPMENT OF STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANS (SWP3) ....................................................53
Site Description and Data..........................................................................................................................................53
4.4.2 Site Map........................................................................................................................................................54
4.4.3 A Soils Engineering Report: .........................................................................................................................55
4.5 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ..............................................................................................................................55
4.5.1 Non-Structural Preservation Measures ........................................................................................................55
4.5.2 Erosion Control Practice..............................................................................................................................55
4.5.3 Stabilization .................................................................................................................................................56
4.5.4 Permanent Stabilization of Conveyance Channels .......................................................................................57
4.6 RUNOFF CONTROL PRACTICES...........................................................................................................................57
4.7 SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES .......................................................................................................................57
4.7.1 Timing..........................................................................................................................................................57
4.7.2 Sediment Settling Ponds...............................................................................................................................57
4.7.3 Silt Fence and Diversions............................................................................................................................58
4.7.4 Inlet Protection ............................................................................................................................................59
4.7.5 Off-Site Tracking of Sediment and Dust Control .........................................................................................59
4.7.6 State Surface Water Protection....................................................................................................................59
4.7.7 Modifying Controls......................................................................................................................................60
4.8 NON-SEDIMENT POLLUTANT CONTROLS ..........................................................................................................60
4.8.1 Waste Materials...........................................................................................................................................60
4.8.2 Concrete Truck Wash Out............................................................................................................................61
4.8.3 Fuel/Liquid Tank Storage ............................................................................................................................61
4.8.4 Toxic or Hazardous Waste Disposal............................................................................................................61
4.8.5 Contaminated Soils Disposal and Runoff ....................................................................................................61
4.9 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................61
4.10 TRENCH AND GROUND WATER CONTROL.........................................................................................................61
4.11 INTERNAL INSPECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................61
4.12 MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................................................................62
4.13 FINAL STABILIZATION.......................................................................................................................................62
CHAPTER 5 - POST-CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF CONTROLS .............................................................................63
5.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................63
5.1 RUNOFF CONVEYANCE ......................................................................................................................................63
5.1.1 General Guidelines.......................................................................................................................................63
5.1.2 Grass Swales.................................................................................................................................................63
5.2 RUNOFF PRE-TREATMENT .................................................................................................................................65
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5.2.1 Filter Strips...................................................................................................................................................65
5.2.2 Sand Filter ....................................................................................................................................................67
5.3 RUNOFF TREATMENT.........................................................................................................................................74
5.3.1 Bioretention Cells .........................................................................................................................................74
5.3.2 Stormwater Wetland .....................................................................................................................................87
5.3.3 Wet Detention Ponds ....................................................................................................................................94
5.3.4 Dry Extended Detention Basins..................................................................................................................100
5.4 ADDITIONAL STORMWATER MANAGEMENT BMPS. ........................................................................................105
CHAPTER 6 – ILLICIT DISCHAGE DETECTION AND ELIMINATION...........................................................106
6.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................106
THIS CHAPTER IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE ON ................................................................................................106
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO ILLICIT DISCHARGE............................................................................................................106
6.1.1 Types of Illicit Discharges ..........................................................................................................................106
6.1.2 Mode of Entry .............................................................................................................................................106
6.1.3 Why Are Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Efforts Necessary .................................................107
6.2 PERMIT REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................................107
6.3 MAPPING, INVENTORY.....................................................................................................................................108
6.3.1 Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) Materials ...................................................................................108
6.3.2 Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) Field Procedure.........................................................................109
6.4 PLAN TO DETECT & ELIMINATE ILLICIT DISCHARGES .....................................................................................109
6.4.1 Priority Areas .............................................................................................................................................109
6.4.2 Dry Weather Field Screening .....................................................................................................................112
6.4.3 Tracing Procedures ....................................................................................................................................113
6.5 PUBLIC INFORMATION .....................................................................................................................................113
6.5.1 Local Agency Contact Information:............................................................................................................114
CHAPTER 7 - RIPARIAN SETBACKS ......................................................................................................................116
7.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................116
7.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................116
7.2 PURPOSE ..........................................................................................................................................................116
7.2.1 Exclusions: Situations that are not Subject to Riparian Setbacks .............................................................117
7.2.2 Conflicts, Severability, and Responsibility ................................................................................................117
7.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF A RIPARIAN SETBACK .....................................................................................................117
7.3.1 Adjustments for Slopes in Setback Areas ...................................................................................................118
7.3.2 Wetlands within Riparian Setback Area ....................................................................................................118
7.3.3 Identifying Setbacks on Required Documents.............................................................................................119
7.4 USES PERMITTED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK .................................................................................................119
7.5 USES PROHIBITED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK ................................................................................................120
7.5.1 Non-conforming Structures or Uses in the Riparian Setback....................................................................120
7.6 BOUNDARY INTERPRETATION AND APPEALS PROCEDURE ...............................................................................121
7.7 VARIANCES WITHIN RIPARIAN SETBACK........................................................................................................121
7.8 INSPECTION OF RIPARIAN SETBACK ................................................................................................................122
CHAPTER 8
- REGULATORY FLOODPLAIN AND FLOODWAYS............................................................123
8.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................123
8.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................123
8.2 LANDS SUBJECT TO THESE CONTROL MEASURES............................................................................................124
8.2.1 Regulatory Floodplain................................................................................................................................124
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8.2.2 Regulatory Floodway..................................................................................................................................124
8.3 PROHIBITED USES ............................................................................................................................................124
8.4 OPEN SPACE USES ...........................................................................................................................................125
8.5 PERMITTED USES IF SPECIFICALLY ALLOWED ........................................................................................................125
8.6 ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE REGULATORY FLOODWAY ......................................................125
8.7 CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS...................................................................................................................................127
8.7.1 Utilities ...........................................................................................................................................................127
8.7.2 Development Proposals ..................................................................................................................................127
CHAPTER 9 - NATURAL WETLANDS PROTECTION .................................................................................129
9.0 CHAPTER SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................129
9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................129
9.2 WETLANDS IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION .............................................................................................129
9.3 WETLANDS AUTHORITY AND CONTACTS.........................................................................................................131
9.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................................................................................132
9.4.1 Antidegradation Rules ................................................................................................................................133
9.4.2 Compensatory Mitigation ...........................................................................................................................133
9.5 OAK OPENINGS REGION...................................................................................................................................133
9.6 PLAN REVIEW PROCESS ...................................................................................................................................134
CHAPTER 10 - INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT............................................................................................135
10.1 PROHIBITION OF NON-STORMWATER DISCHARGES.........................................................................................135
10.2 GUARANTEES FOR COMPLETION OF WORK .....................................................................................................135
10.3 FACILITY DESIGN............................................................................................................................................135
10.4 ACCESS AND EASEMENTS ...............................................................................................................................135
10.5 INSPECTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................135
10.6 PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION.............................................................................................................................136
10.8 VARIANCES.....................................................................................................................................................136
10.8 APPEALS .........................................................................................................................................................136
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY .........................................................................................................................................137
AH ZONE ......................................................................................................................................................................137
AO ZONE ......................................................................................................................................................................137
ACCELERATED SOIL EROSION.......................................................................................................................................137
ADMINISTRATOR...........................................................................................................................................................137
APPLICANT....................................................................................................................................................................137
APPROPRIATE USE ........................................................................................................................................................137
A.S.T.M........................................................................................................................................................................137
BACKWATER.................................................................................................................................................................137
BANKFULL FLOOD ........................................................................................................................................................137
BARREL.........................................................................................................................................................................137
BASE FLOOD .................................................................................................................................................................138
BASE FLOOD ELEVATION (BFE) ...................................................................................................................................138
BASE FLOW...................................................................................................................................................................138
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMP) ........................................................................................................................138
BORINGS .......................................................................................................................................................................138
BUFFER STRIP/ BUFFER AREA.......................................................................................................................................138
BUILDING PERMIT.........................................................................................................................................................138
CAPACITY (ADEQUATE DOWNSTREAM STORMWATER CAPACITY) ...............................................................................138
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CATCH BASIN ...............................................................................................................................................................138
CHANNEL......................................................................................................................................................................138
CHANNEL MODIFICATION .............................................................................................................................................138
CHECK DAM..................................................................................................................................................................139
COMMUNITY .................................................................................................................................................................139
CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATION (CAFO) .............................................................................................139
CULVERT ......................................................................................................................................................................139
CRITICAL AREA ............................................................................................................................................................139
DAMAGED/DISEASED TREES.........................................................................................................................................139
DENUDED/DISTURBED ..................................................................................................................................................139
DEPRESSIONAL STORAGE AREA....................................................................................................................................139
DESIGN STORM .............................................................................................................................................................139
DETENTION ...................................................................................................................................................................139
DETENTION BASIN ........................................................................................................................................................139
DETENTION TIME..........................................................................................................................................................140
DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................................................................................140
DISCHARGE...................................................................................................................................................................140
DISTURBED AREA .........................................................................................................................................................140
DITCH ...........................................................................................................................................................................140
DRAINAGE ....................................................................................................................................................................140
DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT ............................................................................................................................................140
DRAINAGE WAY ...........................................................................................................................................................141
DRAINAGE AREA (ALSO SEE WATERSHED)...................................................................................................................141
DRAWDOWN .................................................................................................................................................................141
EARTH MATERIAL.........................................................................................................................................................141
EASEMENT ....................................................................................................................................................................141
ENGINEER .....................................................................................................................................................................141
EROSION .......................................................................................................................................................................141
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL ..............................................................................................................................141
EXCEPTIONAL FUNCTIONAL VALUE WETLAND ............................................................................................................141
EXTENDED DETENTION.................................................................................................................................................141
FEMA...........................................................................................................................................................................141
FARM ............................................................................................................................................................................141
FILL ..............................................................................................................................................................................142
FINAL PLAT...................................................................................................................................................................142
FINAL STABILIZATION...................................................................................................................................................142
FIRST FLUSH .................................................................................................................................................................142
FLOODPLAIN (SEE REGULATORY FLOODPLAIN) ............................................................................................................142
FLOOD-PRONE AREA ....................................................................................................................................................142
FLOODWAY (SEE REGULATORY FLOODWAY)................................................................................................................142
FLOODWAY FRINGE ......................................................................................................................................................142
FLOW PATH...................................................................................................................................................................142
FLOW SPLITTER ............................................................................................................................................................142
FOREBAY ......................................................................................................................................................................142
FREEBOARD ..................................................................................................................................................................142
GABION.........................................................................................................................................................................142
GEOTEXTILE CLOTH......................................................................................................................................................143
GRADING ......................................................................................................................................................................143
GROUND WATER...........................................................................................................................................................143
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GROUND WATER TABLE ...............................................................................................................................................143
GRADING ......................................................................................................................................................................143
GRUBBING ....................................................................................................................................................................143
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE..............................................................................................................................................143
HYDRIC SOIL.................................................................................................................................................................143
HYDROGRAPH...............................................................................................................................................................143
HYDROLOGY.................................................................................................................................................................143
HYDROPHYTIC VEGETATION.........................................................................................................................................143
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE ..................................................................................................................................................143
INFILTRATION ...............................................................................................................................................................144
INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY CURVE .................................................................................................................144
INVERT..........................................................................................................................................................................144
LAND DISTURBANCE.....................................................................................................................................................144
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT ...............................................................................................................................................144
LANDSLIDE ...................................................................................................................................................................144
LARGER COMMON PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................144
LEVEL-SPREADER .........................................................................................................................................................144
LINEAR BUFFER ............................................................................................................................................................144
MANHOLE .....................................................................................................................................................................144
MANNING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT ("N") ................................................................................................................144
MITIGATION (SEE WETLAND MITIGATION) ...................................................................................................................144
MULTI-FAMILY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................................................144
MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE................................................................................................................................145
NGVD ..........................................................................................................................................................................145
NPDES.........................................................................................................................................................................145
NATURAL WATERWAY .................................................................................................................................................145
NATIONWIDE PERMIT (NWP) .......................................................................................................................................145
NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION...................................................................................................................................145
NON-STRUCTURAL PRACTICE........................................................................................................................................145
NOXIOUS WEED ............................................................................................................................................................145
OFF-LINE BMP .............................................................................................................................................................145
OFF-SITE DETENTION....................................................................................................................................................145
OHIO EPA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT..............................................................................................................145
OHIO RAPID ASSESSMENT METHOD .............................................................................................................................146
ONE HUNDRED YEAR FLOOD (100-YEAR FLOOD) .........................................................................................................146
ONE HUNDRED YEAR FLOODPLAIN ..............................................................................................................................146
ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK ...................................................................................................................................146
ORIFICE.........................................................................................................................................................................146
PEAK DISCHARGE .........................................................................................................................................................146
PERSON.........................................................................................................................................................................146
PHASING .......................................................................................................................................................................146
PLAT, PLATING PROCESS ..............................................................................................................................................146
POLLUTION ...................................................................................................................................................................146
POST-CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF CONTROL.....................................................................................................................147
POST-DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................................................................147
PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING .....................................................................................................................................147
PRELIMINARY PLAN......................................................................................................................................................147
PRETREATMENT ............................................................................................................................................................147
PROTECTED WETLAND..................................................................................................................................................147
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PUBLIC ROAD DEVELOPMENT.......................................................................................................................................147
QUALIFIED WETLAND PROFESSIONAL ..........................................................................................................................147
RAINWATER AND LAND DEVELOPMENT MANUAL........................................................................................................147
RATIONAL FORMULA ....................................................................................................................................................147
REGULATORY FLOODPLAIN ..........................................................................................................................................147
REGULATORY FLOODWAY ............................................................................................................................................148
RELEASE RATE..............................................................................................................................................................148
RETENTION ...................................................................................................................................................................148
RETENTION BASIN ........................................................................................................................................................148
RETENTION STRUCTURE ...............................................................................................................................................148
REVERSE SLOPE PIPE ....................................................................................................................................................148
RIGHT-OF-WAY ............................................................................................................................................................148
RIPARIAN AREA ............................................................................................................................................................148
RIPARIAN LANDS ..........................................................................................................................................................148
RIPARIAN SETBACK ......................................................................................................................................................148
RIPRAP..........................................................................................................................................................................148
RISER ............................................................................................................................................................................149
RIVERINE ......................................................................................................................................................................149
RUNOFF.........................................................................................................................................................................149
RUNOFF COEFFICIENT...................................................................................................................................................149
RUSLE (REVISED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION) .................................................................................................149
SEDIMENT .....................................................................................................................................................................149
SEDIMENT BASIN ..........................................................................................................................................................149
SEDIMENT POLLUTION ..................................................................................................................................................149
SEDIMENTATION ...........................................................................................................................................................149
SHEET FLOW .................................................................................................................................................................149
SHORT CIRCUITING .......................................................................................................................................................149
SLOUGHING/SLUMPING.................................................................................................................................................149
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT................................................................................................................150
SOIL CONSERVATION ....................................................................................................................................................150
SOIL DISTURBING ACTIVITY .........................................................................................................................................150
SOIL GROUP, HYDROLOGIC...........................................................................................................................................150
SOIL LOSS .....................................................................................................................................................................150
SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA (SFHA) ......................................................................................................................150
SPILLWAY .....................................................................................................................................................................150
SOURCE CONTROLS.......................................................................................................................................................150
STABILIZATION .............................................................................................................................................................150
STORM DRAIN...............................................................................................................................................................150
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................................150
STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT...........................................................................................................................150
STORMWATER RUNOFF .................................................................................................................................................151
STORMWATER STANDARDS MANUAL ...........................................................................................................................151
STORMWATER WETLAND..............................................................................................................................................151
STREAM ........................................................................................................................................................................151
STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ..............................................................................................................................................151
SUBSOIL........................................................................................................................................................................151
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT .......................................................................................................................................151
SWALE ..........................................................................................................................................................................151
SWPPP (STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN) .............................................................................................151
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TN ................................................................................................................................................................................151
TSS...............................................................................................................................................................................151
TEMPORARY SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES ..............................................................................152
TEN YEAR FREQUENCY STORM .....................................................................................................................................152
TIME OF CONCENTRATION ............................................................................................................................................152
TIMING..........................................................................................................................................................................152
TOPSOIL ........................................................................................................................................................................152
TWO YEAR FREQUENCY STORM ...................................................................................................................................152
TREATMENT TRAIN.......................................................................................................................................................152
UNDERDRAIN ................................................................................................................................................................152
UNSTABLE SOILS ..........................................................................................................................................................152
VARIANCE.....................................................................................................................................................................152
WATER RESOURCE........................................................................................................................................................152
WATERBODY BUFFER ...................................................................................................................................................152
WATERCOURSE .............................................................................................................................................................153
WATERSHED .................................................................................................................................................................153
WEIR.............................................................................................................................................................................153
WETLAND .....................................................................................................................................................................153
WETLAND MITIGATION.................................................................................................................................................153
WET POND ....................................................................................................................................................................153
WETTED PERIMETER.....................................................................................................................................................153
APPENDIX B: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ..............................................................................................154
CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROL.........................................................................................................154
1. VEGETATION PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................................154
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................154
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................154
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................154
2. MULCHING ...........................................................................................................................................................154
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................154
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................154
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................154
3. MATTING..............................................................................................................................................................155
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................155
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................155
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................155
Material ...................................................................................................................................................................155
Site Preparation.......................................................................................................................................................155
Anchoring ................................................................................................................................................................155
4. STABILIZATION OF DENUDED AREAS ..................................................................................................................156
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................158
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................158
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................158
5. TEMPORARY SEEDING .........................................................................................................................................158
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................158
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................158
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................159
Seedbed....................................................................................................................................................................159
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Soil Amendments......................................................................................................................................................159
Seeding Method........................................................................................................................................................159
Mulching..................................................................................................................................................................159
6. PERMANENT SEEDING ..........................................................................................................................................160
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................160
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................160
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................160
Seedbed Preparation................................................................................................................................................160
Soil Amendments......................................................................................................................................................160
Seeding Dates and Soil Conditions..........................................................................................................................160
Mulching or Matting................................................................................................................................................160
Irrigation..................................................................................................................................................................160
7. SODDING ..............................................................................................................................................................161
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................161
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................161
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................162
Site Preparation.......................................................................................................................................................162
Sod Installation........................................................................................................................................................162
Sod Maintenance......................................................................................................................................................162
8. SEDIMENT TRAPS ................................................................................................................................................162
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................162
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................162
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................162
Sediment Trap Size...................................................................................................................................................162
Sediment Trap Shape ...............................................................................................................................................162
Embankments...........................................................................................................................................................163
Excavation ...............................................................................................................................................................163
Outlet .......................................................................................................................................................................163
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................163
9. SEDIMENT BASINS................................................................................................................................................165
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................165
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................165
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................165
Runoff Calculations .................................................................................................................................................165
Volume .....................................................................................................................................................................165
Depth........................................................................................................................................................................165
Shape........................................................................................................................................................................165
Baffles ......................................................................................................................................................................165
Safety........................................................................................................................................................................166
Embankment ............................................................................................................................................................166
Principal Spillway....................................................................................................................................................166
Emergency Spillway.................................................................................................................................................166
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................167
EXAMPLE OF A SEDIMENT BASIN ..................................................................................................................................168
10. SEDIMENT BARRIERS - SILT FENCE .................................................................................................................169
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................169
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................169
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................169
Level Contour ..........................................................................................................................................................169
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Flow Around Ends ...................................................................................................................................................169
Vegetation................................................................................................................................................................169
Seams .......................................................................................................................................................................169
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................169
EXAMPLE OF SILT FENCE INSTALLATION......................................................................................................................170
11. STORM SEWER INLET PROTECTION .................................................................................................................171
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................171
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................171
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................171
Frame.......................................................................................................................................................................171
Wire Mesh................................................................................................................................................................171
Geotextile Cloth .......................................................................................................................................................171
Rock .........................................................................................................................................................................171
EXAMPLES OF INLET PROTECTION TECHNIQUES ...........................................................................................................172
12. CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROUTES....................................................................................................................173
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................173
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................173
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................173
Bedding....................................................................................................................................................................173
Stone ........................................................................................................................................................................173
Length – Width.........................................................................................................................................................173
Culvert .....................................................................................................................................................................173
Water Bar.................................................................................................................................................................173
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................173
13. WORKING IN OR CROSSING STREAMS..............................................................................................................174
Description ..............................................................................................................................................................174
Applicability.............................................................................................................................................................174
Design Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................175
Bridge ......................................................................................................................................................................175
Culvert .....................................................................................................................................................................175
14. FORD................................................................................................................................................................175
Crossing Location....................................................................................................................................................175
Crossing Alignment..................................................................................................................................................175
Width of Crossing ....................................................................................................................................................175
Approach..................................................................................................................................................................175
Removal and Stabilization .......................................................................................................................................175
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................176
EXAMPLES OF STREAM CROSSINGS...............................................................................................................................176
APPENDIX C: ................................................................................................................................................................179
DOCUMENTS RECOMMENDED FOR ADOPTION BY LOCAL AGENCIES ...................................................179
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................................179
LEGAL AUTHORITY.......................................................................................................................................................179
PERMIT COVERAGE AREA.............................................................................................................................................179
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................................................................................179
MODEL LANGUAGE DOCUMENTS..................................................................................................................................180
RIPARIAN RESOLUTION FOR TOWNSHIP ..........................................................................................................182
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 12

RIPARIAN ORDINANCE FOR MUNICIPALITY....................................................................................................192
(VILLAGE OR CITY) ...................................................................................................................................................192
CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................................................201
(RESIDENTIAL) FOR TOWNSHIPS..........................................................................................................................201
CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................................................207
(RESIDENTIAL) FOR MUNICIPALITY ...................................................................................................................207
(VILLAGE OR CITY) ...................................................................................................................................................207
INTRODUCTION TO ........................................................................................................................................................214
LUCAS COUNTY STORMWATER QUALITY RULES..........................................................................................................214
SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL ORDINANCE .........................................................................................215
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE...........................................................................................................................................215
2. TERMS DEFINED ..................................................................................................................................................215
MODEL ORDINANCE FOR ILLICIT DISCHARGE & ILLEGAL CONNECTION CONTROL......................238
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 13

FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Effects of Urbanization on Stream Hydrology ....................................21
Figure 1-2 Categories of Primary Stormwater Contaminants ..............................22
Figure 1-3 Components of an Effective Stormwater Management System.........24
Figure 5-1 Example of a Grass Swale Application...............................................64
Figure 5-2 Example of a Filter Strip .....................................................................66
Figure 5-3 Example of an Underground Sand Filter ............................................70
Figure 5-4 Example of a Perimeter Sand Filter....................................................71
Figure 5-5 Example of a Surface Sand Filter.......................................................72
Figure 5-6 A bioretention area built into a parking lot island................................73
Figure 5-7 Pollutant removal study performed by the University of Maryland .....73
Figure 5-8 Cross sectional view of the treatment matrix......................................74
Figure 5-9 Contractor sawing curb cuts ...............................................................77
Figure 5-10 Completed curb cuts and bioretention cells......................................77
Figure 5-11 Plan View of a Bioretention Cell .......................................................79
Figure 5-12 Section View of a Bioretention Cell ..................................................79
Figure 5-13 Bioretention Soil Mix .........................................................................80
Figure 5-14 How Target Pollutants Influence Media Depth / Infiltration Rate......83
Figure 5-15 Suitable Native Plants For Northern OH Bioretention Plantings ......83
Figure 5-16 Recommended Minimum Maintenance Measures ...........................84
Figure 5-17 Example of a Stormwater Wetland ...................................................92
Figure 5-18 Treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates......................................94
Figure 5-19 Example of a Wet Detention Pond ...................................................98
Figure 5-20 Example of a Dry Extended Detention Basin .................................103
Figure 6-1 Critical Sewage Area ........................................................................110
Figure Appendix B-1 Example of Matting Installation ........................................157
Figure Appendix B-2 Example of a Sediment Trap............................................162
Figure Appendix B-3 Example of a Sediment Basin ..........................................166
Figure Appendix B-4 Example of Silt Fence Installation ....................................168
Figure Appendix B-5 Examples of Inlet Protection Techniques.........................170
Figure Appendix B-6 Example of Construction Entrance...................................172
Figure Appendix B-7 Example of Stream Crossings Temp Access Bridge .......174
Figure Appendix B-8 Example of Stream Crossings Culvert Stream Crossing .175
Figure Appendix B-9 Example of Stream Crossings Temporary Stream Ford ..176
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 14

TABLES
Table 3-1 Rainfall Intensities in Inches/Hour “I” ...................................................43
Table 3-2 Runoff Coefficients “C”.........................................................................44
Table 3-3 Channel Roughness Coefficients “n” ...................................................45
Table 3-4 Closed Conduit Roughness Coefficients “n”........................................46
Table 3-5 Summary of Required Storage Volumes .............................................47
Table 3-6 Runoff Coefficients Based on the Type of Land Use...........................48
Table 4-1 Permanent Stabilization .......................................................................55
Table 4-2 Temporary Stabilization .......................................................................56
Table 4-3 Maximum Drainage Area to Silt Fence ................................................57
Table Appendix B-1 Temporary Seeding Species Selection .............................157
Table Appendix B-2 Permanent Seeding Species Selection ............................159
Table Appendix B-3 Embankment Dimensions .................................................164
Table Appendix C-1 Permanent Stabilization ....................................................225
Table Appendix C-2 Temporary Stabilization.....................................................225
Table Appendix C-3 Maximum Drainage Area to Silt Fence .............................227
Table Appendix C-4 Runoff Coefficients Based on Type of Land Use ..............231
Table Appendix C-5 Target Draw Down (Drain) Times for Structural Post
Construction Treatment Control Practices ...................................................232
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 15

Executive Summary
The Stormwater Coalition, administered by the Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments
(TMACOG), has issued the 2008 Stormwater Management Standards Manual, 3 rd edition. The purpose of the
Stormwater Management Standards Manual is to protect natural resources, manage stormwater with better
site design and techniques and meet the water quality standards of the Clean Water Act. Responsible
stormwater management prevents stream bank erosion and channel siltation, reduces flooding, and improves
water quality. These standards are in compliance with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection (EPA)
stormwater rules, under the Phase II stormwater requirements for the waterways of the state and nation with
modifications as appropriate for application in northwest Ohio.
In the TMACOG area, 34 political jurisdictions are subject to EPA Stormwater NPDES Permits. Permits are
classified as Phase I for large cities and Phase II for other urbanized jurisdictions. NPDES permit
requirements are based on populations and US Census Bureau Urbanized Area boundaries. Those boundaries
are updated once a decade as part of the Census. The affected jurisdictions are listed below.
Jurisdictions Subject to EPA Stormwater NPDES Permits (2008)
County
County
subject to
permit
Cities Villages Townships
Fulton No 0 0 0
Lucas Yes 4 (Maumee, Oregon,
Sylvania, Toledo)
Monroe
(MI)
4 (Harbor View,
Holland, Ottawa
Hills, Waterville)
Yes 0 0 3
7 (Jerusalem, Monclova,
Spencer, Springfield,
Sylvania, Washington,
Waterville)
Ottawa Yes 0 0 2 (Allen, Clay)
Sandusky No 0 0 0
Wood Yes 5 (Bowling Green,
Fostoria, Northwood,
Perrysburg,
Rossford)
2 (Millbury,
Walbridge)
3 (Lake, Middleton,
Perrysburg)
This update incorporates a few new items, including a chapter on Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
and a corresponding Model Ordinance and Resolution, as well as current errata sheets to the 2006 edition.
When applicable, the new edition also clarifies the links between the Manual’s recommendations to existing
local, state, regional and federal stormwater management legislation.
The following list summarizes the highlights of the individual chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction:
• explain purposes of the Manual and the basis of its legal standing under the Clean Water Act
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 16

• detail highlights of the second edition of the Manual and some technical details of its
implementation
• compare pollution point-sources and nonpoint-sources and remediation methods
• explain development’s impacts that on hydrology, stream morphology and water quality
• framework for a stormwater management system: nonstructural and structural controls
Chapter 2: Jurisdictional Stormwater Requirements
• list the local offices involved in the review of development plans
• define “development” and “major development”
• list the necessary items which must be included in any submitted development plan
• list the activities exempt from the SWMP submittal requirement
• provide contact information for regional offices that review and comment on development plan
Chapter 3: Runoff Reduction Hierarchy and Performance Criteria for Runoff and Retention
• planning to minimize development impact by Conservation Design, Green Infrastructure and Low
Impact Development
• the Runoff Reduction Hierarchy
• non-structural and structural BMPs recommend and t he order in which BMPs should be planned
and implemented
• accepted methods for calculating runoff and detention or retention needs
Chapter 4: Construction Site Runoff Control
• provide guidance on the requirements of the Ohio EPA’s Authorization for Storm Water Discharges
Associated with Construction Activity under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
• explain the ecological necessity of controlling non-point source pollution from construction sites
• describe the required elements of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3)
• provide guidance on Best Management Practices that will reduce sediment loading, and other nonpoint
source pollution of waterways.
Chapter 5: Post-Construction Runoff Controls
• examples and guidance on methods of runoff conveyance
• examples and guidance on methods of runoff pre-treatment
• examples and guidance on different methods of runoff treatment
Chapter 6: Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
• defining illicit discharge and explaining why it is necessary to eliminate illicit discharges
• outline the current draft MS4 permit requirements
• provide guidance on mapping storm sewer systems and outfall reconnaissance inventory
• Provide guidance on constructing a plan to detect and eliminate illicit discharges.
Chapter 7: Riparian Setbacks
• introduce the concept of riparian setbacks and describe their purpose as a runoff control method,
flood control method and effect on water quality and the riparian environment,
• describe how, when, where and to what extent riparian setbacks should be established,
• list the uses that should be permitted and prohibited in the riparian setback,
• Recommend procedures for granting variances within the riparian setback and inspecting the same.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 17

Chapter 8: Regulatory Floodplain and Floodways
• to explain the benefits of floodplains and floodways for the environment and for society and how
protecting floodplains benefits both
• to describe the areas both regulated by and exempt from regulation
• details prohibited uses, permitted open space uses and specially permitted uses in the floodplain and
additional performance criteria for development in the floodway
• details specific construction standards including “no-net-loss” site alteration, utilities placement,
and for subdivision and major site plan proposals
Chapter 9: Natural Wetlands Protection
• to explain the benefits of wetlands for the environment and for society and how protecting them
benefits both
Chapter 10: Inspection and Enforcement
• Give guidance on stormwater BMP inspection
• Give guidance on enforcement for violations of stormwater regulations
Model Ordinance for Illicit Discharge & Illegal Connection Control
• New model ordinance added
We at the Stormwater Coalition appreciate your consideration of this document to help you protect the land
you steward for the benefit of your constituents and society as a whole. So that we can better assess the
impacts of our work, we ask that you inform us when you adopt either the Manual and/or any of the Model
Ordinances/Resolutions and provide us with a copy of the adopted documents. If you have any questions,
please feel free to contact us in care of TMACOG at (419) 241-9155.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 18

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
______________________________________________
1.0 Chapter Summary
To explain the purposes of the Stormwater Standards Manual and the basis of its legal standing under
the Clean Water Act
to summarize the highlights of the second edition of the Manual and some technical details of its
implementation
to explain the similarities and differences of pollution point-sources and nonpoint-sources as well as
those of the solutions that are available to remediate them
to explain the impacts that development and stormwater management have on the environment,
specifically, on the hydrology, stream morphology and water quality
to introduce the framework for designing a stormwater management system complete with stormwater
nonstructural and structural controls
1.1 Purpose of the Manual and Revision Items
The purpose of the Stormwater Management Standards Manual is to protect natural resources, manage
stormwater with better site design and techniques and meet the water quality standards of the Clean
Water Act. Responsible stormwater management prevents stream bank erosion and channel siltation,
reduces flooding, and improves water quality. These standards are in compliance with the U.S. and Ohio
Environmental Protection (EPA) stormwater rules, under the Phase II stormwater requirements for the
waterways of the state and nation with modifications as appropriate for application in northwest Ohio.
This manual provides basic ideas and principles of stormwater management including the different
benefits of various types of stormwater controls. Non-structural stormwater controls are effective in
management and capture of stormwater close to the point of origin and are economical in comparison to
structural controls. Additional resources can be located in stormwater manuals around the country that
encourage innovative site design to preserve and design with natural land and water features that
absorb stormwater.
Each locality is challenged by unique soils, hydrology, topography, zoning regulations and differing
levels of responsibilities and powers for stormwater quality and quantity management. Therefore, any
system of addressing issues must be both comprehensive and flexible. Management of stormwater
happens in various stages of runoff and, therefore, more design options are being created throughout
the nation. The selection of management practices identified in the Manual include low impact
development (LID) practices, green infrastructure, conservation development, smart growth planning,
landscaping, riparian setbacks, and bioretention cells that range in scale from swales and rain gardens
to floodplains and ponds. In addition to providing guidance for responsible, innovative stormwater
management techniques, the Manual includes recommended Best Management Practices for
construction site runoff control (Appendix B) and model regulatory language for riparian setbacks,
conservation development and sediment and erosion control (Appendix C).
Water pollution contributors are either point sources or nonpoint sources. The Clean Water Act of 1972,
created after Cleveland’s Cuyahoga River repeatedly caught fire due to industrial point source pollution,
was the first national legislative initiative designed to restore water quality to the nation’s waterways. It
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 19

has taken 30 years to start to identify point sources of pollution and enforce regulation to decrease them,
resulting in substantially improved water quality. Nonpoint pollution sources are, by their very nature,
more difficult to identify and reduce. Stormwater is the single largest contributor of nonpoint source
pollution to the nation’s waterways. Phase ll of the Clean Water Act, initiated in 1999, deals with
nonpoint source pollution and the management of stormwater. As a relatively recent initiative, the
management of stormwater and land along with water resources to improve water quality is constantly
expanding. This increased knowledge of stormwater management techniques has led to ideas for better
site designs as community zoning boards, planning commissions, county engineers and private
developers have accepted and implemented new practices. Stormwater management is an evolving
science as evidenced by design presentations at the national stormwater conference
(www.stormcon.com) and at conferences on Low Impact Development. The purpose of this Stormwater
Standards Manual is to provide current information and tested strategies to protect existing natural water
resources, convey stormwater in a responsible manner and meet water quality standards established
under the Clean Water Act of 1972.
The Stormwater Management Standards were developed with the following objectives:
• Consider a site’s existing hydrology when designing a development
• Use better site design to decrease and/or control stormwater runoff
• Preserve and improve stream riparian corridors
• Implement effective soil erosion and sedimentation control measures
• Protect natural features and water resources so they may process stormwater and
pollutants
• Incorporate design standards that control both water quantity and quality
The third edition revisions to this manual are primarily to clarify issues from the second edition (2006) as
well as adding a chapter on addressing Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) methods. As
the membership of the Stormwater Coalition has increased outside the Lucas County area, the writers
have generalized the language of the Manual when identifying a relevant government entity or advisory
agency, e.g., “local planning authority” or “local conservation agency.” The political subdivision adopting
the Manual can then choose to adopt the Manual either a) verbatim with no modification, or b) by
replacing these generalized namings with the appropriate agencies, or c) verbatim and inserting an
appendix or frontispiece which associates the generalized name with a specific agency.
The writers emphasize that the Manual itself is a guidance document for political subdivisions to help
them understand how to review, implement and regulate various stormwater issues: stormwater
management construction plans; construction and post-construction sediment and erosion control
issues; riparian and wetland setbacks; floodplain management. There are many existing local, state,
regional and federal stormwater management regulations which jurisdictions are already implementing.
Where applicable, the Manual will reference these existing regulations to show the links between its
recommendations and existing regulations. As a guidance document, the writers strongly recommend to
individual political subdivisions the following actions:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 20

1. that the political subdivision should assess the Manual’s usefulness and applicability to itself and
its powers,
2. that it should consult its legal counsel before adopting any part of the Manual,
3. should understand the ramifications of each of the chapters on its community and government if
it should adopt them,
4. should adopt only those chapters that apply to it and the jurisdiction’s ability to implement or
enforce, and
5. should consider adopting any or all of the attached Model Ordinances or Resolutions that it is
willing and able to implement/enforce only after consulting its legal counsel.
In keeping with this guidance perspective, the language of the Manual itself has been revised to reflect a
more advisory tone – “should,” “suggested,” “recommended” – while the attached Model
Ordinances/Resolutions are the actual regulatory and enforcement documents and use more
prescriptive language – “shall,” “will,” “must” – to describe the rights and responsibilities of the governing
body and the regulated actors. In addition, these model regulatory/enforcement documents are truly
“models” and the adopter should feel free to change them to meet their needs and powers, as long as
the resulting language maintains the originally intended result: protection of the environment while
allowing for appropriate land use activity.
1.3 Impacts of Development on Water Quantity
The hydrology of a watershed changes immediately in response to site clearing and alteration of the
natural landscape. A site’s existing stormwater storage capacity is quickly lost as vegetation is removed,
natural depressions are graded flat and topsoil and wetlands are eliminated. As the soil is compacted by
heavy equipment and resurfaced with impervious materials, rainfall can no longer infiltrate into the
ground and becomes sheetflow, resulting in an increase in the amount of stormwater runoff. These
topographic modifications, along with the installation of "efficient" drainage facilities such as catch basins
and pipes, greatly alter natural drainage patterns and increase stormwater quantity, eventually causing
changes in stream shape and function. Recent studies show that significant damage to the stream’s
morphology, water quality and biotic population starts to occur when the level of impervious surface of its
watershed reaches approximately ten percent (USEPA, 2003; Center for Watershed Protection, 2002).
The removal of natural vegetation from a site may increase project site costs and reduce site stability in
several ways. First, excessive site excavation or grading may add unnecessary site preparation costs.
Second, and related, existing vegetation acts as the natural “rebar” of the soils and its deep, strong,
entwined root systems provide stability to land areas, a critical characteristic along any type of waterway.
Natural vegetation along bank slopes secures and stabilizes the banks, reducing erosion and the
resulting sedimentation into the waterway which degrades water quality. Any stormwater runoff
pollutants or sediments that leave an urban or rural site contribute components which degrade water
quality in the watersheds draining into the Great Lakes. On January 12, 2006 evidence of the sediment
plume flowing from the Maumee River into Lake Erie was captured in an astronaut’s photograph from
space (Astronaut Photography of Earth, http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov) and is shown on the cover of this
manual.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 21

1.3.1 Changes in Watershed Hydrology
Volume and rate of stormwater runoff increases with the intensity or magnitude of development.
Increased runoff is due to the combined effect of reduced infiltration, rapid time of concentration, and
smoother hydraulic surfaces. As runoff is concentrated into sharper, faster, and higher peaks, the
magnitude and frequency of severe flooding events increases (Figure 1-1). “Bankfull” floods, which
scour the channel, tend to occur more frequently. These floods fill the stream channel to the top of its
banks, but do not spill over into the floodplain. Quick returns to pre-storm-level stream flow rates occur
due to the more “efficient” drainage infrastructure and results in lowering the level of surface
waterbodies – streams, creeks, wetlands – that are dependent on groundwater to maintain base flows
during dry periods.
Effects of Urbanization on Stream Hydrology
Storm Water Runoff Rate /
Stream Flow Rate
Post-
Development
Pre-
Development
TIME
Figure 1- 1 Effects of Urbanization on Stream Hydrology
1.3.2 Changes in Stream Morphology
More severe or more frequent floods affect stream channels, typically resulting in an increased crosssectional
area to accommodate the higher flows. 1 The rate of streambank erosion is also accelerated,
as channels are more severely disturbed by undercutting, tree-falls, and bank slumping. Sediment loads
will increase sharply due to flood-caused erosion as well as that produced by construction site runoff.
These sediments settle out and form shifting bars that often accelerate the erosion process by deflecting
runoff into sensitive bank areas. Pools and riffles, important habitat areas, are often eliminated as the
stream adjusts to accommodate frequent floods. Regardless of any accompanying water quality
degradation, all of these changes in channel form reduce the health and diversity of aquatic species by
destroying insect and benthic organism habitat and fish spawning areas.
1 Schueler, Thomas R., 2000. The Practice of Watershed Protection: Article 1, The Importance of Imperviousness.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 22

1.4 Impacts of Development on Water Quality
As urban and rural land is developed, changes in land use contribute new or additional stormwater
runoff pollutants. In addition, the increased impervious surfaces quickly drain these pollutants into
receiving waterways. Vehicles and deteriorating urban structures deposit trace metals, oil, and grease
onto streets and parking lots. Leaves, litter, animal droppings, soil from construction sites, fertilizers, and
pesticides are all carried over the land. These and other toxic substances are then carried by stormwater
and conveyed through creeks, ditches and storm drains into our rivers and lakes (Figure 1-2).
CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY STORMWATER CONTAMINANTS
Category
Metals
Organic Chemicals
Pathogens
Nutrients
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Sediment
EXAMPLES
zinc, cadmium, copper, chromium, arsenic, lead
pesticides, oil, gasoline, grease
bacteria, viruses, protozoa
phosphorous, nitrogen
grass clippings, hydrocarbons, animal waste, fallen leaves
topsoil, sand, silt , clay
Salts
sodium chloride, calcium chloride
Figure 1- 2 Categories of Primary Stormwater Contaminants
Source: Bannerman, R.T., D.W. Owens, R.B. Dodds, and N.J. Hornewer, Sources of Pollution in Wisconsin Stormwater, Water,
Science and Technology vol. 28, no. 3-5, 1993.
In short, the ecology of both urban and rural streams may be completely reshaped by the extreme
shifts in hydrology, morphology and water quality that accompany the development process. The
stresses that these changes place on the aquatic community, although gradual and often not
immediately visible, are profound. To mitigate these impacts, it is necessary to reevaluate the way
that land is developed and stormwater is managed. The following discussion provides a framework
for this reevaluation, which must encompass the entire development process from land use
planning and zoning to site design and construction.
1.5 Framework for Design of Stormwater Management Systems
Thoughtful site planning can reduce the negative impacts associated with land development.
Towards this end, communities, regulatory agencies, and designers must begin to evaluate the
impact of each individual development project over the long term, and at a watershed scale. Such
an approach requires the use of a system of stormwater controls or Best Management Practices
(BMPs) to ensure that the volume, rate, timing and pollutant load of runoff remains similar to that
which occurred prior to development. This system may include both nonstructural and structural
methods and should be designed to provide both source controls and site controls. These are
techniques which, respectively, reduce the amount of stormwater generated by development
activities and those which transport, pre-treat or treat the remaining stormwater generated in a
manner conducive to greater infiltration, lower maintenance or improved efficiency (Figure 1-3).
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 23

A well-designed plan requires consideration for handling stormwater in the planning of a
development. Three specific techniques used to plan for and control stormwater in developments
are: Conservation Site Design, Low Impact Development, and Green Infrastructure. These
techniques will be further detailed in Chapter 3.
• Conservation Site Design (CSD): An approach to development that seeks to limit or
reduce impervious area, increase natural area and integrate stormwater treatment
systems on-site.
• Low Impact Development (LID): An approach to development that seeks to design a
hydrologically functional site that mimics predevelopment conditions.
• Green Infrastructure (GIF): An approach to development that seeks to use soils and
vegetation to infiltrate, evapotranspirate, or recycle stormwater runoff.
• Stages and Components of an Effective Stormwater Management System – Nonstructural
and Structural Controls
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 24

I. Nonstructural Controls – Chapter 3
• Site Design to Preserve the Natural Environment
• Minimize and Disconnect Impervious Areas
• Vegetative Practices
• Policies to Preserve the Natural Environment – Chapters 6, 7 & 8
II. Construction Structural Controls – Chapters 2 & 4
• Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control
o Mulching
o Matting
o Sediment Trap or Basin (depending on the size of the site)
o Silt Fence
o Inlet Protection
III. Post-Construction Structural Controls – Chapters 2 & 5
a) Conveyance
• Vegetated Swales w/check dams
• Level Spreaders
b) Pretreatment
• Sand Filters
• Filter Strips
• Sediment Forebays
c) Treatment
• Infiltration Devices
• Retention/Detention Basins
• Stormwater Wetland Systems
• Detaining First Flush
• Detaining for 25-year storm
d) System Maintenance
• Inspection
• Sediment Disposal
• Maintenance Access
Figure 1- 3 Components of an Effective Stormwater Management System
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 25

1.5.1 Nonstructural Controls
Nonstructural controls – CSD, LID, GIF – reduce the volume of stormwater runoff generated on-site and
eliminate initial opportunities for pollutants to enter the stormwater system. By preventing stormwater
runoff and keeping stormwater pollution out of the waterways, nonstructural controls are the most
effective option for managing stormwater. Proper implementation includes the following key practices:
• Use hydrology as the framework of site design
• Preserve existing natural features – floodplains, wetlands, vegetated riparian corridors,
etc. - that perform stormwater management functions
• Minimize impervious surface area through site planning that makes efficient use of paved
areas and maximizes open space
• Encourage flexible street and parking standards and the use of permeable pavement or
pavers to reduce impervious surface area
• Direct stormwater discharges to open, vegetated areas such as swales, rain gardens and
lawns rather than allowing stormwater to runoff directly into the stormwater conveyance
system
• Minimizing the disturbed area and length of time that a site is exposed due to
clearing/grading and immediately revegetate disturbed areas after individual construction
phases are complete
• Carefully design and install erosion control mechanisms and rigorously maintain them
throughout the construction period
1.5.2 Structural Controls
After the implementation of nonstructural controls, structural controls are then required to convey, pretreat,
and treat (e.g., detain, retain, or infiltrate) the stormwater runoff generated by a development. The
range of design and engineering techniques available to achieve this is, to some degree, dictated by site
configuration, soil type, and characteristics of the receiving waterway. For example, flat or extremely
steep topography may preclude the use of grassed swales, which are otherwise preferable to curb and
gutter systems. But while each site will be unique, some universal guidelines for controlling stormwater
runoff quality and quantity can be utilized.
Infiltration:
In general, the most effective stormwater quality controls are infiltration practices, which reduce both the
runoff peak and volume. However, a maintenance program and pretreatment measures (e.g., oil/grit
separators, sedimentation basins, and grass filter strips) must be incorporated into any stormwater
management system that employs these practices to prevent clogging. In addition, infiltration practices
are most feasible for smaller drainage areas with suitable soils and low potential for groundwater
contamination.
Wetlands
Wetlands can support a range of water quality management objectives. The processes influencing
water quality in wetlands resemble those operating in better-known aquatic environments. The
wetland’s inflow, organic matter and nutrient loads, and hydrologic regime determine the dominance
of particular processes in the wetland and their relative importance. Wetland water quality is
influenced by a complex array of processes, including:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 26

Wetland vegetation creates the physical and biological conditions required for the successful
removal of finely graded particles and associate pollutants. The physical conditions created by
wetland vegetation that maximize the removal of finely graded particles include uniform flow
distribution and flow retardation, leading to increased pollutant contact with plant surfaces.
Emergent vegetation minimizes wind-generated turbulence. The root system of wetland vegetation
binds and stabilizes deposited particulates, protecting them against re-suspension.
The root-zone can also modify sediment redox (reduction-oxidization) conditions, and influence the
stability of pollutants trapped in sediments.
Because most pollutants are transported during storm events, physical processes are more
important in trapping pollutants at these times. Biological processes become important under low
flow conditions, when previously trapped materials are transformed and recycled. Small suspended
particles adhere to plant surfaces, which act as filters. Plants also provide a surface on which
photosynthetic organisms such as algae can grow. These epiphytic algae remove both fine particles
and dissolved pollutants form the water column.
Retention and Detention Ponds:
The next most effective structural controls reduce stormwater runoff peaks and involve storage facilities
such as retention and detention ponds. In the selection of an appropriate stormwater pond design, wet
ponds and extended detention ponds are generally preferable to dry detention ponds because the longer
retention time provides a longer particulate settling time. Additionally, the aquatic plants and algae
inhabiting wet ponds take up soluble pollutants (nutrients) from the water column. These nutrients are
then used to create more plants which then die, settle to the pond floor, decay, and are consumed by
bacteria. Since these biological processes are dependent upon the presence of water, they do not occur
in dry ponds.
Once all possible methods of reducing and treating stormwater on-site have been implemented, excess
runoff must be discharged into conveyance systems and carried off-site. Discharges must be at rates,
velocities and volumes that will not cause adverse downstream impacts to land or waterways. For this
purpose, vegetated swales with check dams are generally preferred to curb and gutter systems and
enclosed storm drains.
Any stormwater management system will lose effectiveness without regular maintenance. Depending on
the specific BMP, maintenance must be performed at regular intervals. This may include inspection,
sediment removal, maintenance of vegetation or structures, replacement of filters, etc. Site design
should include concurrent design of a maintenance plan and should include adequate maintenance
access.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 27

CHAPTER 2 – Stormwater Management Submittal
Requirements
______________________________________________
2.0 Chapter Summary
• Outline the range of local offices involved in the review of various types of development
plans
• define “disturbance,” construction activity” and “development”
• list the necessary items which must be included in any submitted development plan
• list the activities exempt from the Stormwater Management submittal requirement
• provide contact information for regional offices that review and comment on development
plan
2.1 Procedures
A complete set of plans for any given proposed development will include enough detail for both the
submitter and reviewing agency to determine which, if any, stormwater management regulations may
apply to the proposed development. Under current Federal law and current Ohio EPA stormwater
regulations, any construction activity (defined later in the chapter) requires compliance with the NPDES
program. Submittal of a completed Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) (Chapter 4:
Construction Site Runoff Control) is a crucial requirement of the Phase I and Phase II implementation
stages of this program. However, other federal, state or local policies – including but not limited to those
for construction, wetlands, floodplains, endangered species or historical preservation – may regulate
disturbance less than one (1) acre. Submittal procedures vary by jurisdiction and compliance with the
standards in this Manual is generally confirmed at the site plan approval and building permit approval
stage. This could occur at the local or county zoning and building inspections departments, the local Soil
and Water Conservation District, the local planning commission office, or the local County/Municipal
Engineer’s office. Document submittals must demonstrate compliance with these standards either
directly on the plans or in backup reports, correspondence, or calculations. This Manual is designed
specifically for the northwest Ohio region and it is recommended that the developer, stormwater
engineer, or site designer verify submittal requirements with the local jurisdiction of the proposed
development site for village, township, city, and county procedures, and with State or Federal
regulations.
2.2 Definitions of Disturbance, Construction Activity, and Development
2.2.1 Disturbance:
For the purposes of this manual “disturbance” will be defined in accordance with the Ohio EPA’s
Construction General Permit, Ohio EPA Permit No.: OPHC000003. Part VII (G) of that permit defines
“disturbance” as “any clearing, grading, excavating, filling, or other alteration of land surface where
natural or man-made cover is destroyed in a manner that exposes the underlying soils.”
2.2.2 Construction Activity:
For the purposes of this manual “construction activity” will be defined in accordance with the Ohio EPA’s
Construction General Permit, Ohio EPA Permit No.: OPHC000003. Part I (B) (1) of that permit defines
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 28

“construction activity” as “any clearing, grading, excavating, grubbing or filling activities that disturb one
(1) or more acres of land. Discharges from trench dewatering are also covered by this [definition] as
long as the dewatering activities are carried out in accordance with the practices outlined in Part III (G)
(2) (g) (iv) of [Ohio EPA Permit NO.: OPHC000003].” [Emphasis provided is editors’.] Typical
construction activities include but are not limited to the following:
• Construction, reconstruction, substantial improvement or placement of a building or any
addition to a building;
• Preparation of a site for a structure;
• Drilling, mining, installation of utilities, construction of roads, bridges, or similar projects;
• Construction or erection of levees, walls, fences, dams, or culverts; channel modification;
filling, dredging, grading, excavating, paving, or other alterations of the ground surface;
storage of materials; deposit of solid or liquid waste; or
• Any other activity that might change the direction, height, volume or flow of drainage runoff
and collection.
2.2.3 Development:
The word “development” is used generally in this Manual and may refer to disturbance, construction
activity, some combination of both, or the effect that either has on the environment, depending on the
context of its use.
Operators engaging in development activities that meet the definition of disturbance should check to see
if they meet the definition of construction activity and, if not, should check for applicability of chapters 3,
6, 7 & 8. Activities that meet the definition of construction activity require compliance with chapters 3, 4,
and 5, and should check for applicability of chapters 6, 7 & 8. Chapter 4 lays outs out SWP3 criteria that
must be listed in the Plan. If any of these chapters apply, the operator should contact the appropriate
agency to determine the applicable regulatory requirement.
2.3 Exemptions from these standards
Development, as defined by this manual does not include the following activities:
• Any repair that does not amount to “substantial improvement” as defined by this Manual.
• Gardening, plowing, and similar activities that do not involve filling, grading, or
construction.
• Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) approved agricultural practices.
2.4 Disturbance in Floodplains, Floodways or Wetlands
Any proposed disturbance in the Regulatory Floodplains, Floodway or Wetlands will require compliance
with any other relevant local, state or federal laws, especially those related to the Clean Water Act (e.g.,
NPDES, FEMA, Wetlands Protection, Floodplain Damage Prevention) and any related permit
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 29

applications. These regulations are further discussed in Chapter 8: Regulatory Floodplain and
Floodways and Chapter 9: Natural Wetlands Protection.
2.5 Site Plan Approval Process
In order to document which local, state or federal regulations may apply, the
jurisdiction may wish to require a site plan from the applicant. A submitted site
plan should contain the following information:
2.5.1 Submittal Requirements for Site Plans
Applicant and site location information: Name, legal address, and telephone number
of the applicant.
Name, legal address, and telephone number of the owner, if different from the
applicant.
Name, legal address, and telephone number of the applicant’s agent (if used).
Applicant’s or applicant agent’s signature.
Common address, legal description of the site and vicinity map.
• General Description (or report) of the development, including but not limited to:
Current and proposed land use.
Acreage of site.
Acreage of disturbance.
Estimated construction schedule.
Location of streams, wetlands, lakes or ponds.
Regulatory floodplain and floodway boundaries.
Overland flow patterns, especially for upland areas that will be affected by the
development.
Discharge points.
• Grading plan showing:
Existing and proposed contours [minimum contour interval of 1-foot, elevations
referenced to North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88).
References to County Benchmark Data, if available.
Bounds of greater-plan-of-development’s disturbed area.
Location of all roads
• Drainage plan (same scale as the grading plan) showing existing and proposed stormwater
conveyance, management, and storage features:
Discharge points
Storage facilities - preference is to capture stormwater close to point of origin
Stormwater conveyance and management systems
Streams, wetlands, lakes, or ponds
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 30

Drainage or other easements and buffer areas and riparian setbacks
Overland flow paths
Regulatory floodplain and floodway boundaries
Drainage divides
• Disturbed area, drainage and detention calculations as discussed in Chapter 3:
Performance Criteria for Runoff and Retention.
• A drainage area locator map showing the tributary’s calculated drainage area and where
the development is located in the watershed.
• A stream mitigation plan (when a stream is modified, including relocation). Note that Ohio
EPA does not support stream relocation.
• Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) for all disturbed areas and Notice of Intent
(NOI) (Described in Chapter 4: Construction Site Runoff).
2.5.2 Additional Submittal Requirements for Site Plans Greater than 100 Acres
Plans for sites of greater than 100 acres require the following additional information:
• Boundaries of predominant soil types.
• Boundaries of predominate natural vegetation.
• Location of all utilities and easements.
• Specifications and dimensions of all proposed channel modifications, location, and
orientation of cross-sections.
• Cross-sectional views for the stormwater management system showing:
Existing and proposed conditions including principal dimensions of the work, and
existing and proposed elevations.
Normal water and calculated Base Flood Elevations (BFE), and overland flow.
• Summary describing the hydrologic and hydraulic analyses performed for the project
including:
Names of the streams or bodies of water affected.
Anticipated dates of initiation and completion of work.
Analysis of the existing drainage system, which includes the methodology and
support calculations in computing runoff rates, runoff volumes, velocities, water
surface elevations, and floodplain and depression storage.
Analysis of the methodology and support calculations used to determine the effects
from upstream drainage areas.
Analysis of the effects that the improvements will have on the receiving stream or
body of water.
All supporting design calculations and computer models.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 31

• Description of how the Runoff Reduction Hierarchy (see 3.2) was used in evaluating the
stormwater management needs of the site including the following data:
Plots or tabulations of volumes and surface areas with corresponding water surface
elevations.
Stage discharge or outlet rating curves.
Design hydrographs of inflow and outflow for the 2-year and 25-year intensityduration-frequency
storm events under existing and developed conditions.
• A plan for the ongoing maintenance of all permanent stormwater management system
components, including wetlands. The plan should include:
The name, legal address, and telephone numbers of parties responsible for
performing maintenance tasks.
Maintenance tasks and a schedule of their required frequency.
A description of all permanent public or private easements.
A description of the dedicated sources of funding for maintenance.
• A sealed statement from a registered professional engineer that the applicant meets the
requirements of the local jurisdiction’s Stormwater Management Standards.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 32

2.6 Contact Information for Local Jurisdictions
Developers are responsible for specific plan submittal requirements which will vary between
jurisdictions. For specific requirements, contact the various jurisdictions listed below:
Federal
US Army Corps of Engineers
Ohio Application / Evaluation Section
NW Ohio Regulatory Field Office
240 W. Lake St. #D
Oak Harbor, OH 43449 ........................................ 419-898-3491
State
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Northwest District Office, Division of Surface Water
347 N Dunbridge Rd
Bowling Green, OH 43402 ................................... 419-373-3009
City of Toledo
City of Toledo
Stormwater Reviews ............................................419-936-2848
City of Toledo
Floodplain Administrator ......................................419-936-2710
Toledo-Lucas County Plan Commissions
One Government Center, Suite 1620
Toledo, OH 43604................................................419-245-1200
County
Fulton County
152 S Fulton St.
Wauseon, OH 43567
419-337-9255
Regional Planner.................................................. 419-337-9214
Henry County
Henry County Office Complex
1853 Oakwood Ave.
Napoleon, OH 43545 ..........................................419-592-4876
Planning Director..................................................419-599-7370
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 33

Lucas County
Lucas County Engineer’s Office
One Government Center Suite 870
Toledo, OH 43604-2258...................................... 419-213-4540
Toledo-Lucas County Plan Commissions
One Government Center, Suite 1620
Toledo, OH 43604................................................419-245-1200
Ottawa County
315 Madison St.
Port Clinton, OH 43452....................................... 419-734-6700
Regional Planning Director .................................. 419-734-6780
Williams County
One Court House Square
Bryan, OH 43506 .................................................419-636-2059
Economic Development .......................................419-636-9077
Wood County
One Courthouse Square
Bowling Green, OH 43402 ................................... 419-354-9000
Planning Director.................................................. 419-354-9128
Building Inspector................................................. 419-354-9190
Cities and Villages of Lucas County
City of Maumee
400 Conant St.
Maumee, OH 43537.............................................419-897-7115
Building and Zoning Inspection............................419-897-7075
City of Oregon
5330 Seaman Rd.
Oregon, OH 43616-2633.....................................419-698-7081
Building and Zoning .............................................419-698-7071
City of Sylvania
6730 Monroe St.
Sylvania, OH 43560 ............................................... 419-885-8925
Zoning Administrator ............................................... 419-885-8948
City of Toledo
Stormwater Reviews ............................................ 419-936-2848
Floodplain Administrator ......................................419-936-2710
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 34

Village of Berkey
12360 Sylvania-Metamora Rd.
Berkey, OH 43504
Plan Commission .................................................... 419-829-2132
Village of Holland
1245 Clarion Ave.
Holland, OH 43528................................................. 419-865-7104
Zoning Administrator ............................................... 419-865-7104
Village of Ottawa Hills
2125 Richards Rd.
Toledo, OH 43606................................................... 419-536-1111
Manager .................................................................. 419-535-3552
Village of Waterville
25 N Second St
Waterville, OH 43566-1491.................................... 419-878-8100
Municipal Administrator........................................... 419-878-8100
Village of Whitehouse
6925 Providence St.
Whitehouse, OH 43571........................................... 419-877-5383
Administrator ........................................................... 419-877-5383
Townships of Lucas County
Township of Harding
13441 Angola Rd.
Swanton, OH 43558-9402...................................... 419-826-5313
Township of Jerusalem
9501 Jerusalem Rd.
Curtice, OH 43412 .................................................. 419-836-8921
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-836-4510
Township of Monclova
4335 Albon Rd.
Monclova, OH 43542 .............................................. 419-865-7862
Zoning Commission ................................................ 419-865-7862
Township of Providence
13257 Perry Rd.
Grand Rapids, OH 43522........................................ 419-875-6531
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-877-0156
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 35

Township of Richfield
3951 Washburn Rd.
Berkey, OH 43504-9722 ........................................ 419-829-2781
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-829-2781
Township of Spencer
630 N Meilke Rd
Holland, OH 43528.................................................. 419-865-2883
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-865-2883
Township of Springfield
7617 Angola Rd.
Holland, OH 43528-8602 ........................................ 419-865-0239
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-865-0239
Township of Swanton
13410 Airport Hwy
Swanton, OH 43558............................................... 419-826-9730
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-825-5004
Township of Sylvania
4927 Holland-Sylvania Rd.
Sylvania, OH 43560 ................................................ 419-882-0031
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-885-5276
Township of Washington
5714 Blessing Dr.
Toledo, OH 43612................................................... 419-726-6621
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-726-6621
Township of Waterville
621 Farnsworth Rd.
Waterville, OH 43566 ............................................. 419-878-5176
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-877-0156
Townships of Wood County
Township of Lake
27975 Cummings Road
Millbury, OH 43447 ................................................. 419-838-6536
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-838-6536
Township of Middleton
PO Box 206
Haskins, OH 43525 ................................................. 419-823-1480
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-823-1132
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 36

Township of Perrysburg
26609 Lime City Road
Perrysburg, OH 43551 ............................................ 419-872-8861
Zoning Inspector ..................................................... 419-872-8863
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 37

CHAPTER 3 – RUNOFF REDUCTION HIERARCHY AND
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR RUNOFF AND
RETENTION
______________________________________________
3.0 Chapter Summary
• planning to minimize development impact by Conservation Design, Green Infrastructure and
Low Impact Development
• the Runoff Reduction Hierarchy
• non-structural and structural BMPs recommend and t he order in which BMPs should be
planned and implemented
• accepted methods for calculating runoff and detention or retention needs
3.1 Introduction
To minimize the impact of development on receiving streams designers must begin to utilize the existing
natural features that provide free stormwater benefits. This must be done in the planning stage of a
development. As mentioned in Chapter 1, three specific ways to accomplish this objective are:
Better Site Design/Conservation Design - An approach to residential and commercial development
that, when properly conducted, can simultaneously reduce pollutant loads, conserve natural areas, save
money, and increase property values. In principal, Better Site Design promotes three main goals for new
development sites: (1) to reduce the amount of impervious cover, (2) to increase the amount of natural
lands set aside for conservation, and (3) to better integrate stormwater treatment systems on-site.
Planners can begin to meet these goals by using Green Infrastructure techniques like green roofs, rain
gardens, and vegetated swales to manage stormwater runoff and increase the amount of local green
space. Reducing the overall scale of streets, driveways, setbacks, parking spaces, and lot sizes are also
effective methods of reducing impervious cover and are in keeping with Better Site Design standards.
Green Infrastructure - An adaptable term used to describe an array of products, technologies, and
practices that use natural systems – or engineered systems that mimic natural processes – to enhance
overall environmental quality and provide utility services. As a general principal, Green Infrastructure
techniques use soils and vegetation to infiltrate, evapotranspirate, and/or recycle stormwater runoff.
When used as components of a stormwater management system, Green Infrastructure practices such
as green roofs, porous pavement, rain gardens, and vegetated swales can produce a variety of
environmental benefits. In addition to effectively retaining and infiltrating rainfall, these technologies can
simultaneously help filter air pollutants, reduce energy demands, mitigate urban heat islands, and
sequester carbon while also providing communities with aesthetic and natural resource benefits.
Low Impact Development (LID) - A comprehensive stormwater management and site-design
technique. Within the LID framework, the goal of any construction project is to design a hydrologically
functional site that mimics predevelopment conditions. This is achieved by using design techniques that
infiltrate, filter, evaporate, and store runoff close to its source. Rather than rely on costly large-scale
conveyance and treatment systems, LID addresses stormwater through a variety of small, cost-effective
landscape features located on-site. LID is a versatile approach that can be applied to new development,
urban retrofits, and revitalization projects. This design approach incorporates strategic planning with
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 38

micro-management techniques to achieve environmental protection goals while still allowing for
development or infrastructure rehabilitation to occur.
All three techniques are interrelated and have overlapping objectives, which when used together provide
improved stormwater quality at a lower cost. As an example, disconnecting impervious areas fits the
definition of all three techniques, while preserving the natural environment would be a conservation
design technique, as well as, a low impact development technique. Cost savings are realized anytime
that areas are not cleared or graded and when natural practices are used in place of manmade or
constructed features. There are many ways to reduce the impervious footprint of a development. The
key is to integrate these techniques early in the planning process, before costly manmade infrastructure
is designed.
Flood control design or water quantity management deals with capturing and detaining relatively
infrequent, severe runoff events, such as the 25-year frequency storm. Water quality design requires
that the more frequent storm events must be addressed. The need for managing smaller storms is
directly related to urbanization and the accompanying increase in impervious area, which impairs
surface water quality.
Eroded soil and other pollutants such as metals, fertilizers, pesticides, oils and grease, are flushed off by
the early stages of runoff. This “first flush” carries a shock loading of these pollutants into receiving
waterways. By capturing and treating the first ¾ -inch of runoff, up to ninety percent (90%) of pollutants
that are washed off of the land can be removed from the stormwater before it enters into the drainage
system.
3.2 Runoff Reduction Hierarchy
A description of the offsite outlet and evidence of its adequacy is required. If no adequate watercourse
exists to effectively handle a concentrated flow of water from the proposed development, detention and /
or off-site drainage improvements will be required. On-site management of storm drainage will be
designed for control of flooding, control of downstream erosion, and preservation of water quality.
In order to meet the requirements of these standards, the Runoff Reduction Hierarchy should be used in
designing the site drainage system. Site layout and development should try to control stormwater
through a series of runoff control mechanisms starting with non-structural and moving toward structural
mechanisms.
The following is a general overview of the Runoff Reduction Hierarchy of Best Management Practices
(BMPs). It includes detailed information on proper non-structural BMPs to control runoff. It also gives
introductory information on proper structural BMPs to control runoff; more detail on structural controls
can be found in Chapter 4 Construction Site Runoff Control and Chapter 5 Post-Construction Controls.
Technical construction details regarding the BMP’s can be found in Appendix B.
3.2.1 Non-Structural Controls
Non-structural controls reduce the volume of stormwater runoff generated on-site and eliminate initial
opportunities for pollutants to enter the stormwater system. By preventing stormwater runoff and
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 39

keeping stormwater pollution out of the waterways, source controls are the most effective option for
managing stormwater. Proper implementation includes the following key practices.
1. Preserve Existing Natural Features
Preservation of the maximum amount of natural water management features is the best
planning strategy. The site layout should be configured to keep the natural drainage system
intact as much as possible. The design should balance the stormwater benefits provided by
the natural drainage system against possible conflicts with the intended land use and on-site
drainage improvement. Avoid areas such as wetlands, streams, floodplains, and steep
slopes. Deliberate protection is usually required to prevent encroachment. Encroachment
may include clearing trees, filling, channel modification, and replacing natural drainage
systems with storm sewers. If construction is to occur in floodplains or wetlands, the
construction will adhere to the performance standards set forth in Chapter 8: Regulatory
Floodplain and Floodways and Chapter 9: Natural Wetlands Protection.
2. Conservation Site Design - Minimize Impervious Area
The increase in impervious surface area on a site tends to increase the rate and volume of
stormwater runoff. When developing a plan for the site, it is recommended that the site be
developed to minimize impervious surfaces to the greatest extent possible. Innovative site
planning and design techniques have been shown to sharply reduce stormwater runoff from
new development. However, designers and engineers may be restricted in using these
techniques by conflicting local zoning, parking or subdivision regulations. Clustering and
conservation of natural areas should be practiced in the design phase of all development to
the greatest extent practicable within existing regulations. Pervious or semi-pervious cover,
such as grass paving, decreases the amount and rate of runoff from areas that have
historically been covered with impervious concrete or asphalt.
3. Disconnect Impervious Areas
Routing runoff to pervious areas such as lawns, grassy swales, or depressed landscape
areas can reduce runoff rates and volumes from developed areas. The stormwater can then
filter through the grass or infiltrate into the soil on-site. This practice is applicable for low to
moderate density developments (residential and commercial) where there is sufficient land
area or facilities to accept the additional flow. Developers should plan to limit impervious
surfaces and disconnect existing impervious surfaces so that the volume of runoff from the
inevitable impervious areas will not cause erosion or a significant increase in the water level
of the receiving stream.
3.2.2 Structural Controls
Structural controls convey, pre-treat and treat stormwater runoff generated by development. In
general the most effective Stormwater quality controls are infiltration practices, followed by treatment
practices such as wetland or retention ponds. Conveying stormwater runoff should be the last resort
if the above practices are not practical. More information on structural controls is available in
Chapter 5: Post-Construction Runoff Controls.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 40

4. Utilize Grass Swales
Where permitted and feasible, open vegetated swales should be used instead of curb and
gutter or hard piping. Grass swales can reduce the peak rate of runoff and improve water
quality.
5. Promote Infiltration of Runoff On-site - Filter Strips
There is potential for the use of infiltration practices that will cause percolation of stormwater
runoff into the ground before it reaches a stream or channel.
6. Promote Infiltration of Runoff On-site – Sand Filters
Routing first flush runoff to a sand filter can reduce the amount of stormwater pollutants
before it is routed to a water quality structure or detention system.
7. Utilize Stormwater Wetlands
Stormwater wetland facilities provide partial treatment of the runoff. The systems remove
pollutants through physical filtration, settling, and biological processes of the wetland plants.
8. Utilize Wet Detention Basins
This structure is the most widely used measure for controlling peak discharges from
developing areas. Wet detention basins can also serve as water quality settling facilities,
which allow pollutants to drop out before water is discharged to a watercourse.
9. Utilize Dry Detention Basins
An extended dry detention basin is a stormwater storage basin that provides temporary
detention, but does not have a permanent pool. The main reasons for use of dry detention
basins are reducing peak stormwater discharges, controlling floods and preventing
downstream channel scouring.
10. Construction of Storm Sewers
After considering all above structural controls, build storm sewers.
Additional Resources
Arendt, R.G., Conservation Design for Subdivisions: A Practical Guide to Creating
Networks, Island Press: Washington, 1996.
Open Space
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 41

Schueler, T. R., Site Planning for Urban Stream Protection, Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments, 1995.
3.3 Runoff Calculations
To manage both water quantity and quality, stormwater facilities must be designed to capture and treat
two different storm events:
1. The first flush: The first ¾ -inch of runoff from the entire contributing watershed. (The ¾-inch
is the threshold set by the Ohio EPA Construction General Permit (CGP)); and,
2. Flood Reduction: The 25-year frequency storm event and larger.
Controlling both extremely large events (to prevent flooding), and more frequent events (to mitigate
water quality impacts), can be achieved through the proper design of stormwater management facilities.
Among the alternatives, wet ponds and constructed wetland systems are the most effective for achieving
control of both stormwater volume and quality. Alternative Best Management Practices (BMP’s)
providing flood reduction and treatment of the first flush and are also acceptable (Chapter 5: Post-
Construction Runoff Control).
This chapter sets forth design and performance criteria for stormwater runoff volume and rate reduction.
These standards will be used by the local reviewing agency in analysis of proposed stormwater
management systems, in accordance with the objectives of managing both the quantity and quality of
stormwater runoff. The following performance standards and provisions apply to all development as
defined in Section 2.2 of this manual.
This section provides guidance for standard hydrologic methods used to determine runoff quantities.
Runoff quantities shall be computed for the watershed under development and the contributing
watershed flowing into or through the watershed being developed. Runoff quantities shall be computed
for existing and proposed site conditions.
Rainfall data for hypothetical or design events (25-year, 10-year, etc.) shall be obtained from statistical
compilations and extrapolations of real data collected over a statistically significant time period. The
statistical data source shall be approved by the local reviewing agency. Table 3-1 provides rainfall
intensities for times of concentration of 10 minutes through 120 minutes.
3.3.1 Development of 100 acres or less
The Rational Method (Q = CiA) may be used for estimation of peak runoff when the total watershed area
tributary to the design point is 100 acres or less.
For multi-family residential; commercial; industrial; areas less than 100 acres, when upstream and/or
downstream stormwater facilities require analysis; and for the determination of detention storage
requirements; Qin – Qout shall be used to determine detention volume. Where Qin = 25-year frequency
storm under proposed conditions versus Qout 5-year frequency storm under existing conditions.
a. The rainfall intensity, “i”, will be taken from the appropriate intensity-duration-frequency
curve for the NW Ohio area. Table 3-1 provides rainfall intensities for times of
concentration of 10 minutes through 120 minutes:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 42

Rainfall Intensities in Inches/Hour “i”
Time of Concentration
Minutes
Return Period
2-
5-Years 10-Years 25-Years
Years
10.0 3.30 4.30 5.18 6.00
15.0 2.70 3.60 4.30 5.03
16.0 2.60 3.50 4.18 4.90
17.0 2.51 3.40 4.07 4.76
18.0 2.45 3.30 3.95 4.65
19.0 2.38 3.25 3.85 4.55
20.0 2.30 3.16 3.75 4.43
21.0 2.23 3.08 3.65 4.30
22.0 2.17 3.01 3.56 4.20
23.0 2.12 2.93 3.48 4.12
24.0 2.07 2.86 3.40 4.02
25.0 2.02 2.79 3.34 3.93
26.0 1.97 2.72 3.25 3.85
27.0 1.92 2.66 3.17 3.77
28.0 1.88 2.60 3.11 3.69
29.0 1.84 2.55 3.05 3.62
30.0 1.80 2.50 2.99 3.57
31.0 1.76 2.44 2.92 3.49
32.0 1.72 2.38 2.86 3.43
33.0 1.68 2.34 2.80 3.36
34.0 1.65 2.30 2.76 3.31
35.0 1.63 2.26 2.72 3.27
40.0 1.52 2.08 2.52 3.00
45.0 1.42 1.93 2.38 2.79
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 43

Rainfall Intensities in Inches/Hour “i”
Time of Concentration
Minutes
Return Period
2-
5-Years 10-Years 25-Years
Years
50.0 1.32 1.78 2.18 2.58
55.0 1.25 1.68 2.05 2.44
60.0 1.18 1.58 1.92 2.30
65.0 1.11 1.50 1.84 2.16
70.0 1.05 1.42 1.77 2.03
75.0 1.00 1.35 1.67 1.94
80.0 0.95 1.28 1.58 1.86
85.0 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.78
90.0 0.86 1.16 1.44 1.70
95.0 0.82 1.11 1.39 1.63
100.0 0.79 1.06 1.33 1.56
110.0 0.73 0.98 1.22 1.46
120.0 0.68 0.92 1.18 1.38
Table 3- 1 Rainfall Intensities in Inches/Hour "i"
b. In residential areas, a standard of t = 20 minutes should be used as the time of
concentration to the first pick-up point in the system. In areas other than residential, time
of concentration should be determined by the use of overland flow charts (Ohio
Department of Transportation Location and Design Manual Chapter 2, figure 1101-1).
c. The following runoff coefficients, “C”, should be used in residential areas:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 44

Runoff Coefficients “C”
Source: Medina County Stormwater Management & Sediment Control Rules and Regulations, Dec. 1998,
Page 53
Average Lot Size Average %
Impervious
Hydrologic Soil Group
A B C D
⅛ of an acre or less 65 0.41 0.59 0.72 0.77
¼ of an acre 38 0.16 0.37 0.54 0.64
⅓ of an acre 30 0.12 0.32 0.50 0.61
½ of an acre 25 0.09 0.29 0.47 0.59
1 acre 20 0.06 0.26 0.45 0.57
2 acres or more 0.05 0.23 0.41 0.50
Table 3- 2 Runoff Coefficients "C"
3.3.2 Development greater than 100 acres
For multi-family residential, commercial, industrial areas, areas 100 acres or greater, when upstream
and/or downstream stormwater facilities require analysis, and for the determination of detention storage
requirements; an approved hydrograph-producing runoff calculation method should be used:
a. Natural Resource Conservation Service: TR-20, TR-55
TR-20 = Technical Release 20, “Computer Program for Project Formulation-
Hydrology”
TR-55 = Technical Release 55, “Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds”
b. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: HEC-HMS
HEC-HMS = Hydrologic Engineering Center- Hydrologic Modeling System
c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: SWMM
SWMM = Stormwater Management Model
d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. Geological Survey: HSPF
HSPF = Hydrological Simulation Program- Fortran
e. Ohio DNR: Bulletin 43
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 45

f. HEC-RAS used for FEMA Studies
3.3.3 Downstream Analysis
Downstream analysis of the impacts of drainage improvements may be required by the local reviewing
agency. Analysis of downstream facilities will not be required when:
a. All discharge is retained on-site after the completion of improvements
b. Site improvements where the stormwater facilities have been designed such that:
i. The combination of flows from off-site and on-site drainage areas results in
no increase in the peak discharge from the pre-developed site during the 2-
year through 100-year, 24-hour storm events.
ii. The volume of runoff for the project site is not increased for the 2-year
through 100-year, 24-hour storm events.
iii. The increase in the water level stage in the receiving water source is less
than 0.1 feet immediately downstream of the outlet for the project area during
peak flow for the design storm event.
c. Allowable discharge may be less than a five (5)-year pre-developed storm
outflow due to inadequate outletting stream or storm sewer. Check with local
communities for undersized storm sewers or streams.
Summary of Required Storage Volumes
Sizing Criteria
Description
Water Quality Volume
(WQ v ) (acre-feet) or
“First Flush”
WQ v = [(P)(R v )(DA)]/12
P = Rainfall depth in inches and is equal to 0.75”.
R v = Volumetric Runoff Coefficient = 0.05+0.009(I), where I
= % impervious cover of the drainage area, or as per Table 3-6.
DA = Drainage Area to BMP in acres
Water quality volume draw
down time
24 hours
Extreme Flood Volume
(Q f ) (acre-feet) or
“Flood Attenuation”
Maximum release rate
Q f = Minimum 25-year, 24-hour storm event.
Pre-development 5-year, 24-hour storm event
Table 3- 3 Summary of Required Storage Volumes
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 46

Runoff Coefficients Based on the Type of Land Use
Land Use
Runoff Coefficient
Industrial and Commercial 0.8
High Density Residential (>8 dwellings/acre) 0.5
Medium Density Residential (4-8 dwellings/acre) 0.4
Low Density Residential (

3.5.2 Capacity
Storm sewers should be designed to flow just full for the peak runoff from a 5-year frequency storm
event. The minimum velocity at just full should be 2 feet per second. Minimum pavement gutter
elevations should be at or above hydraulic grade line for the peak runoff from a 10-year frequency storm.
Use the intensity-duration-frequency curve for determining this hydraulic grade. The 10-year frequency
storm should not flood rear yard basins any greater than 9-inches. The “Manning’s” formula should be
used to size open channels or pipe. If the Manning’s formula is not used, the alternative method used
must be approved by the local reviewing agency.
“Manning’s Formula”
Q = 1.49 AR2/3 S1/2
n
Q = flow, in cubic feet per second
A = cross sectional area, in square feet
n = Manning’s coefficient of roughness
R = hydraulic radius = A/P, in feet
P = wetted perimeter, in feet
S = slope of HGL open channel, slope of EGL (pipe flow) ft./ft.
a. For open channels, the design Manning’s roughness coefficient “n” is to be obtained from
an approved reference table:
Chow, V.T., Open Channel Hydraulics, 1959
Channel Roughness Coefficients “n”
Common Channel Types and Descriptions
Normal
Corrugated Metal 0.025
Smooth Metal 0.013
Wood 0.013
Concrete 0.013
Brick/Masonry 0.021
Asphalt 0.015
Gravel/Rip Rap 0.025
Excavated or Dredged 0.035
Minor Streams (top width at flood stage or high bank 100 ft.) 0.055
Floodplains 0.065
Table 3- 5 Channel Roughness Coefficients "n"
b. For closed conduits, flowing partially full, the design Manning’s roughness coefficient “n”
is within the ranges listed in Table 3-4.
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Closed Conduit Roughness Coefficients “n”
Type of Conduit Normal Maximum
Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene 0.013 0.015
Metal, Smooth 0.013 0.017
Cast Iron/Wrought Iron 0.014 0.017
Corrugated Metal 0.024 0.030
Concrete 0.013 0.015
Brickwork 0.014 0.017
Clay 0.013 0.018
Rubble Masonry, Cemented 0.025 0.030
Table 3- 6 Closed Conduit Roughness Coefficients "n"
3.5.3 Drainage Structure Location
Drainage structures should be located as follows:
a. To assure complete positive drainage of all areas,
b. At all low points of streets and rear yards,
c. Such that there is no flow across a street intersection,
d. Maximum spacing between access structures (catch basins or manholes) should be 300
feet for pipe sizes of 36 inches and under and 500 feet for sizes over 36 inches, and
e. In conformance with any more stringent local requirements.
3.5.4 Curb Inlets
Curb Inlet type and spacing should be designed to accept the peak runoff from a 2-year frequency storm
event. The maximum allowable width of the sheet gutter flow from the face of the curb should be limited
to 8 feet into the driving lane. Curb inlets will usually be required at all intersections and cul-de-sacs to
provide for more positive drainage.
3.5.5 Discharge
Discharge from enclosures should be as follows:
a. All outlets will be designed so that velocities will be appropriate to, and will not damage,
receiving waterways.
b. Outlet protection using riprap or other approved materials will be provided as necessary to
prevent erosion.
c. The soils above and around the outlet will be compacted and stabilized to prevent piping
around the structure. Riprap extending 3 feet above the ordinary high water mark is
recommended for all outlets and should be keyed in 18” below outlet grade line.
d. When the outlet empties into a detention/retention facility, channel or other watercourse, it
will be designed such that there is no over-fall from the end of the apron to the receiving
waterway.
3.5.6 Pipe Criteria
Pipe should conform to the following criteria:
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a. All materials should be of such quality as to guarantee a maintenance-free expectancy of
at least 50 years and will meet all appropriate American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) standards.
b. Pipe under pavement should be Type “A” or “B” Conduit. Pipe not under pavement
should be Type “C” Conduit. The designer may indicate a particular kind of pipe by
inserting the specification item number after the designation of the type of conduit.
c. Pipe joints should be such as to prevent excessive infiltration or exfiltration. All pipe
except concrete elliptical should have O-ring joints.
d. Corrugated metal pipe will be permitted only when being used as a restriction in a
detention facility.
e. Type “A” and “B” Conduit should have a minimum cover of 9” from the top outside crown
to the bottom of the finished sub-grade. Type “C” Conduit with less than 18” of cover
should be reinforced concrete. Pipe should be minimum 12” diameter beyond the first
structure that picks up surface water.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 50

CHAPTER 4 - Construction Site Runoff Control
______________________________________________
4.0 Chapter Summary
This chapter is intended to
• Provide guidance on the requirements of the Ohio EPA’s Authorization for Storm Water Discharges
Associated with Construction Activity under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System,
Ohio EPA Permit No.: OHC000003 (Ohio EPA Construction General Permit); and, Part III (B) (4) of
the Authorization for Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems to Discharge Storm Water
Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Ohio EPA Permit No.: OHQ000002
(MS4 Permit); and,
• Explain the ecological necessity of controlling non-point source pollution from construction sites;
and,
• Describe the required elements of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3)
• Provide guidance on Best Management Practices that will reduce sediment loading, and other nonpoint
source pollution of waterways.
4.1 Purpose and Scope
Erosion and sedimentation are naturally occurring geologic phenomena. Man’s land development
activities, however, have initiated severe, highly undesirable and damaging alterations in the natural
cycle by drastically accelerating the erosion-sedimentation process. Present-day streams and rivers in
northwest Ohio carry much higher sediment loads than in the past. Significantly increased amounts of
sand, silt, and clay wash into these waterways from farmland and urbanizing areas. During the
construction process, soil is the most vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. This eroded soil
endangers water resources by reducing water quality, and causing the siltation of aquatic habitat for fish
and other desirable species. Eroded soil also necessitates more frequent maintenance of sewers and
ditches, and the dredging of Lake Erie. Ohio EPA Construction General Permit defines construction
activities as “any clearing, grading, excavating, grubbing, or filling activities that disturb one (1) or more
acres of land.” 2
Construction site runoff controls are technically feasible and economically reasonable practices. Their
implementation will abate soil erosion and the degradation of the waters of the region from sediment as
a result of development. Standards for these practices establish criteria for determining the acceptability
of such management and conservation practices, and promote the health, safety, and well-being of the
residents of the region. Specifically, the controls are intended to protect:
• Water quality and habitat in streams, wetlands, and other waterbodies important to the well being of
the region.
• Ditches, culverts and storm sewers from loss of capacity due to siltation.
• Adjacent landowners from property loss due to sedimentation, erosion and flooding.
All construction planning must include a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3). The SWP3
must conform to the standards established by the Ohio EPA Construction General Permit.
2 Ohio EPA Permit No.: OHC000003 Part I (B) (1).
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 51

4.1.1 Exclusions: Activities that are not Subject to Construction Site Runoff
Control
• Activities related to producing agricultural crops or sylvan culture operations or areas regulated by
the Ohio Agricultural Sediment Pollution Abatement Rules are not subject to construction site runoff
controls. However, some of the practices described in this manual may still be useful and beneficial
in limiting the impacts of these operations on our waterways and drainage systems.
• A SWP3 is not required before clearing, grading, excavating, filling or otherwise wholly or partially
disturbing less than one (1) acre of land owned by a single person or operated as a development
unit for the construction of non-farm buildings, structures, utilities, recreational areas or other similar
non-farm uses. Disturbance of less than one (1) acre may be subject to local regulation and
submittal requirements. For example, where the disturbance of less than one (1) acre would occur
in a floodplain, guidance from Chapter 8 may be applicable, or if the disturbance will impact wetlands
guidance in Chapter 9 may be applicable. A developer should check the local regulations and
requirements when the development will disturb less than one (1) acre.
4.1.2 Conflicts, Severability, Nuisances and Responsibility
• Where these control measures are in conflict with other provisions of law or ordinance, the most
restrictive provisions shall prevail.
• These stormwater standards shall not be construed as authorizing any person to maintain a private
or public nuisance on their property, and compliance with the provisions of these standards or local
regulations shall not be a defense in any action to abate such a nuisance.
• Failure of a jurisdiction to observe or recognize hazardous or unsightly conditions or to recommend
corrective measures shall not relieve the site owner from the responsibility for the condition or
damage resulting there from, and shall not result in the jurisdiction, its officers, employees, or agents
being responsible for any condition or damage resulting there from.
4.2 Application Procedures
In order to avoid delays and costly redesigns, it is recommended that the applicant meet with the local
reviewing agency at the project planning phase to discuss SWP3 requirements. The applicant should
submit two (2) sets of the SWP3 and the applicable fees to the local reviewing agency:
• For subdivisions: After the approval of the preliminary plans and with submittal of the improvement
plans.
• For other construction projects: Before approval to commence land disturbance.
• For general clearing projects: Before approval to commence land disturbance.
The local reviewing agency should review the plans submitted for conformance with local regulations
and approve, or return for revisions with comments and recommendations for revisions. SWP3s should
be approved before any soil is disturbed or any zoning permits are sought or issued.
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4.2.1 Compliance with State and Federal Regulations
Approvals issued by a local reviewing agency do not relieve the applicant of responsibility for obtaining
all other necessary permits or approvals from the Ohio EPA, the US Army Corps of Engineers, and other
federal, state, or county agencies. If requirements vary, the most restrictive requirement shall prevail.
These permits may include, but are not limited to, those listed below.
• Ohio EPA Construction General Permit
• Section 401 of the Clean Water Act
• Ohio EPA Isolated Wetland Permit
• Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
• Ohio Dam Safety Law
4.3 Duty to Inform Contractors and Subcontractors
The site operator should inform all contractors and subcontractors not otherwise defined as “operators”
in the Ohio EPA Construction General Permit who will be involved in the implementation of the SWP3.
The site operator should maintain a written document containing the signatures of all contractors and
subcontractors involved in the implementation of the SWP3 as proof acknowledging that they reviewed
and understand the conditions and responsibilities of the SWP3. The written document should be
created and signatures obtained prior to commencement of work on the construction site.
4.4 Development of Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWP3)
The Ohio EPA Construction General Permit requires a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) be
developed and implemented for all parcels where disturbance of one (1) acre or more will occur for nonfarm
commercial, industrial, residential or other non-farm purposes. The five (5) major phases of
developing a SWP3 are 1) planning and organization; 2) assessment; 3) BMP selection and plan design;
4) implementation; and 5) evaluation and site inspection.
The MS4 Permit also requires local government entities to “develop, implement, and enforce a program
to reduce pollutants in any stormwater runoff…from construction activities that result in a land
disturbance of greater than or equal to one (1) acres. The SWP3 required by local government entities
not synonymous with the SWP3 required by the Ohio EPA. Although based on the Ohio EPA General
Construction Permit, minor variations do exist. Therefore, acceptance by the Ohio EPA does not replace
the need to adhere to the requirements of these stormwater standards and local regulations.
The Ohio EPA requires that each SWP3 be certified by a professional engineer (P.E.), certified
professional erosion and sediment control specialist (SPECS), or a registered landscape architect.
The SWP3 should incorporate measures as recommended by the most current edition of Rainwater and
Land Development as published by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources or the most current
edition of the Stormwater Management Standards Manual as developed by and should include the
following information:
Site Description and Data
Each SWP3 should provide:
• A description of the nature and type of the construction activity (e.g. residential, shopping mall,
highway, etc.).
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 53

• Total area of the site and the area of the site that is expected to be disturbed (i.e., grubbing, clearing,
excavation, filling or grading, including off-site borrow areas).
• Calculation of runoff coefficients for both the pre-construction and post-construction condition.
• An estimate of the impervious area and percent of imperviousness created by the soil-disturbing
activity.
• Existing data describing the soil and, if available, the quality of any known pollutant discharge from
the site such as that which may result from previous contamination caused by prior land uses.
• A description of prior land uses at the site.
• An implementation schedule which describes the sequence of major soil-disturbing operations (i.e.,
grubbing, excavating, grading, utilities and infrastructure installation) and the implementation of
erosion and sediment controls to be employed during each operation of the sequence.
• The location and name of the immediate receiving stream or surface water(s) and the first
subsequent receiving water(s).
• The aerial (plan view) extent and description of wetlands or other special aquatic sites at or near the
site which will be disturbed or which will receive discharges from disturbed areas of the project.
• For subdivided developments where the SWP3 does not call for a centralized sediment control
capable of controlling multiple individual lots, a detail drawing of a typical individual lot showing
standard individual lot erosion and sediment control practices.
• Location and description of any stormwater discharges associated with dedicated asphalt and
dedicated concrete plants associated with the development area and the best management
practices to address pollutants in these stormwater discharges.
• The name of the applicant (person responsible for implementation of the SWP3).
• A log documenting grading and stabilization activities as well as amendments to the SWP3, which
occur after construction activities commence.
4.4.2 Site Map
• Limits of soil-disturbing activity of the site, including off site spoil and borrow areas.
• Soils types should be depicted for all areas of the site, including locations of unstable or highly
erodible soils.
• Existing and proposed one-foot (1') contours. This must include a delineation of drainage
watersheds expected during and after major grading activities as well as the size of each drainage
watershed in acres. These delineations are to focus on the drainage watersheds to each primary
structural sediment control. Watershed size and percent slope determine the appropriate type of
control and sizing details.
• Surface water locations including springs, wetlands, streams, lakes, water wells, etc., on or within
two hundred feet (200’) of the site, including the boundaries of wetlands or stream channels and first
subsequent named receiving water(s) the applicant intends to fill or relocate for which the applicant
is seeking approval from the Army Corps of Engineers or Ohio EPA. If no such water features are
located within two hundred feet (200’), a statement to that effect is to be included in the plan.
• Existing and planned locations of buildings, roads, parking facilities, and utilities.
• The location of all erosion and sediment control practices, including the location of areas likely to
require temporary stabilization during the course of site development.
• Sediment settling ponds (traps or basins, used while ground is disturbed), including their sediment
settling volume, at what elevation that is achieved, and size of contributing drainage area.
• Permanent stormwater management practices to be used to control pollutants in stormwater after
construction operations have been completed.
• Areas designated for the storage or disposal of solid, sanitary and toxic wastes, including dumpster
areas, areas designated for cement truck washout, and vehicle fueling.
• The location of designated stoned construction entrances where the vehicles will ingress and egress
the construction site.
• The location of any in-stream activities including stream crossings.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 54

4.4.3 A Soils Engineering Report:
The local reviewing agency may require the SWP3 to include a Soils Engineering Report based upon
his/her determination that the conditions of the soils are unknown or unclear to the extent that additional
information is required to protect against erosion or other hazards. This report should be based on
adequate and necessary test borings, and should contain all the information listed below.
Recommendations included in the report and approved by the local reviewing agency should be
incorporated in the grading plans or other specifications for site development.
• Data regarding the nature, distribution, strength, and erodibility of existing soils.
• If applicable, data regarding the nature, distribution, strength, and erodibility of the soil to be placed
on the site.
• Conclusions and recommendations for grading procedures.
• Conclusions and recommended designs for interim soil stabilization devices and measures, and for
permanent soil stabilization after construction is completed.
• Design criteria for corrective measures when necessary.
• Opinions and recommendations covering the stability of the site.
4.5 Performance Standards
The SWP3 must contain a description of the controls appropriate for each construction operation and the
applicant must implement such controls. The SWP3 must clearly describe for each construction activity
the appropriate control measures; the general sequence during the construction process under which
the measures will be implemented; and the contractor responsible for implementation (e.g., contractor A
will clear land and install perimeter controls and contractor B will maintain perimeter controls until final
stabilization.)
See Appendix B: Best Management Practices.
The controls should include the following minimum components:
4.5.1 Non-Structural Preservation Measures
The SWP3 must make use of practices that preserve the existing natural condition to the maximum
extent practicable. Such practices may include preserving riparian areas, preserving existing vegetation
and vegetative buffer strips, phasing of construction operations in order to minimize the amount of
disturbed land at any one time, and designation of tree preservation areas or other protective clearing or
grubbing practices.
See Best Management Practice: Vegetation Protection
4.5.2 Erosion Control Practice
The SWP3 must make use of erosion controls that are capable of providing cover over disturbed soils. A
description of control practices designed to restabilize disturbed areas after grading or construction
should be included in the SWP3. The SWP3 must provide specifications for stabilization of all disturbed
areas of the site and provide guidance as to which method of stabilization will be employed for any time
of the year. Such practices may include: temporary seeding, permanent seeding, mulching, matting, sod
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 55

stabilization, vegetative buffer strips, phasing of construction operations, the use of construction
entrances, and the use of alternative ground cover.
See Best Management Practices: Mulching, Matting, Temporary Seeding, Construction Access
Routes
Erosion control practices must meet the following requirements:
4.5.3 Stabilization
Disturbed areas must be stabilized as specified in Tables 4-1 and 4-2 below.
Area requiring permanent stabilization
Permanent Stabilization
Time frame to apply erosion controls
Any area that will lie dormant for one year or more.
Any area within 50 feet of a stream and at final
grade.
Any area at final grade.
Within 7 days of the most recent disturbance.
Within 2 days of reaching final grade.
Within 7 days of reaching final grade within that
area.
Table 4- 1 Permanent Stabilization
Temporary Stabilization
Area requiring temporary stabilization
Time frame to apply erosion controls
Any disturbed area within 50 feet of a stream and
not at final grade.
Within 2 days of the most recent disturbance if that
area will remain idle for more than 21 days.
For all construction activities, any disturbed area,
including soil stockpiles that will be dormant for
more than 21 days but less than one year, and not
within 50 feet of a stream.
Within 7 days of the most recent disturbance within
the area. For residential subdivisions, disturbed
areas must be stabilized at least 7 days prior to
transfer of NPDES permit coverage for the
individual lot.
Disturbed areas that will be idle over winter. Prior to November 1.
Note: Where vegetative stabilization techniques may cause structural instability or are otherwise
unobtainable, alternative stabilization techniques must be employed. These techniques may include
mulching or erosion matting.
Table 4- 2 Temporary Stabilization
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 56

4.5.4 Permanent Stabilization of Conveyance Channels
Applicants should undertake special measures to stabilize channels and outfalls and prevent erosive
flows. Measures may include seeding, dormant seeding, mulching, erosion control matting, sodding,
riprap, natural channel design with bioengineering techniques, or rock check dams, all as defined in the
most recent edition of Rainwater and Land Development Manual or the Field Office Technical Guide
available at www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/.
4.6 Runoff Control Practices
The SWP3 should incorporate measures that control the flow of runoff from disturbed areas so as to
prevent erosion. Such practices may include rock check dams, pipe slope drains, diversions to direct
flow away from exposed soils and protective grading practices. These practices should divert runoff
away from disturbed areas and steep slopes where practicable. Velocity dissipation devices should be
placed at discharge locations and along the length of any outfall channel to provide non-erosive flow
velocity form the structure to a water course so that the natural physical and biological characteristics
and functions are maintained and protected.
4.7 Sediment Control Practices
The SWP3 should include a description of, and detailed drawings for, all structural practices that should
store runoff, allowing sediments to settle or divert flows away from exposed soils or otherwise limit runoff
from exposed areas. Structural practices should be used to control erosion and trap sediment from a site
remaining disturbed for more than fourteen (14) days. Such practices may include, among others:
sediment settling ponds, silt fences, storm drain inlet protection, and earth diversion dikes or channels
which direct runoff to a sediment settling pond. All sediment control practices must be capable of
ponding runoff in order to be considered functional. Earth diversion dikes or channels alone are not
considered a sediment control practice unless used in conjunction with a sediment settling pond. It
should be noted that the use of sediment controls does not eliminate the need to use the previously
mentioned erosion controls. Sediment control practices must meet the following requirements:
See Best Management Practices: Settling Facilities: Sediment Traps, Sediment Basins, Sediment
Barrier - Silt Fence.
4.7.1 Timing
Sediment control structures should be functional throughout the course of earth disturbing activity.
Sediment basins and perimeter sediment barriers should be implemented prior to grading and within
seven (7) days from the start of grubbing. They should continue to function until the up slope
development area is restabilized. As construction progresses and the topography is altered, appropriate
controls must be constructed or existing controls altered to address the changing drainage patterns.
4.7.2 Sediment Settling Ponds
A sediment settling pond is required when any of the following conditions are present:
• concentrated stormwater runoff (e.g., stormwater sewer or ditch);
• runoff from drainage areas, which exceed the design capacity of silt fence or other sediment
barriers;
• runoff from drainage areas that exceed the design capacity of inlet protection; or
• runoff from common drainage locations with ten (10) or more acres of disturbed land
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 57

The sediment settling pond volume consists of both a dewatering zone and a sediment storage zone.
The volume of the dewatering zone should be a minimum of 1800 cubic feet per acres of drainage (67
yd 3 /acre) with a minimum forty-eight (48) hour drain time for sediment basis serving a drainage area of
over five (5) acres. The volume of the sediment storage zone should be calculated by one of the
following methods:
• Method 1: The volume of the sediment storage zone should be 1000 ft 3 per disturbed acre within the
watershed of the basin; or,
• Method 2: The volume of the sediment storage zone should be the volume necessary to store the
sediment as calculated with RUSLE or a similar generally accepted erosion prediction model.
The accumulated sediment should be removed from the sediment storage zone once it is full. When
determining the total contributing drainage area, off-site areas and areas which remain undisturbed by
construction activity must be included unless runoff from these areas is diverted away from the sediment
settling pond and is not co-mingled with sediment-laden runoff. The depth of the dewatering zone must
be less than or equal to five feet (5’). The configuration between inlets and the outlet of the basin must
provide at least two units of length for each one unit of width (>2:1 length:width ratio), however a length
to width ratio of four to one (4:1) is recommended. When designing sediment settling ponds, the
operator must consider public safety, especially as it relates to children, as a design factor for sediment
basin and alternative sediment controls must be used where site limitations would preclude a safe
design. The use of a combination of sediment and erosion control measures in order to achieve
maximum pollutant removal is encouraged.
4.7.3 Silt Fence and Diversions
Sheet flow runoff from denuded areas should be intercepted by silt fence or diversions to protect
adjacent properties, water resources, and wetlands from sediment transported via sheet flow. Where
intended to provide sediment control, silt fence should be placed on a level contour and should be
capable of temporarily ponding runoff. The relationship between the maximum drainage area to silt
fence for a particular slope range is shown in Table 4-3 below. Stormwater diversion practices should be
used to keep runoff away from disturbed areas and steep slopes. Such devices, which include swales,
dikes or berms, may receive stormwater runoff from areas up to ten (10) acres.
Maximum Drainage Area to Silt Fence
Maximum drainage area (acres) to 100 linear Range of slope for a drainage area (%)
feet of silt fence
0.5
2% but < 20% (108 feet)
0.125
> 20% but < 50% (54 feet)
Table 4- 3 Maximum Drainage Area to Silt Fence
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4.7.4 Inlet Protection
Erosion and sediment control practices, such as boxed inlet protection, should be installed to minimize
sediment-laden water entering active storm drain systems, unless the storm drain system drains to a
sediment settling pond. Straw or hay bales are not acceptable forms of inlet protection. All inlets
receiving runoff from drainage areas of one (1) or more acres will require a sediment settling pond.
See Best Management Practices: Storm Sewer Inlet Protection
4.7.5 Off-Site Tracking of Sediment and Dust Control
Best management practices must be implemented to ensure sediment is not tracked off-site and that
dust is controlled.
See Best Management Practices: Construction Access Routes
These best management practices must include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Construction entrances should be built and should serve as the only permitted points of ingress and
egress to the development area. These entrances should be built of a stabilized pad of aggregate
stone or recycled concrete or cement sized greater than 2” in diameter, placed over a geotextile
fabric, and constructed in conformance with specifications in the most recent edition of the
Rainwater and Land Development Manual.
• Streets directly adjacent to construction entrances and receiving traffic from the development area
should be cleaned daily to remove sediment tracked off-site. If applicable, the catch basins on these
streets nearest to the construction entrances should also be cleaned weekly.
Based on site conditions, the local reviewing agency may require additional best management practices
to control off site tracking and dust. These additional BMPs may include:
• Silt fence or construction fence installed around the perimeter of the development area to ensure
that all vehicle traffic adheres to designated construction entrances.
• Designated wheel-washing areas. Wash water from these areas must be directed to a designated
sediment trap, the sediment-settling pond, or to a sump pump for dewatering in conformance with
section 4.7.2 above.
• Site operators should take all necessary measures to comply with applicable regulations regarding
fugitive dust emissions, including obtaining necessary permits for such emissions. The local
reviewing agency may require dust controls including the use of water trucks to wet disturbed areas,
tarping stockpiles, temporary stabilization of disturbed areas, and regulation of the speed of vehicles
on the site.
4.7.6 State Surface Water Protection
The Ohio EPA Construction General Permit:
Requires that all construction activities that disturb areas adjacent to State surface waters must
implement structural practices on site to protect all adjacent State surface waters from the impacts of
sediment runoff.
Prohibits structural sediment controls (e.g., the installation of silt fence or a sediment settling pond)
from being used in a State surface water.
Recommends that for all construction activities immediately adjacent to surface waters of the state a
setback of at least twenty-five feet (25’), as measured from the ordinary high water mark of the
surface water, be maintained in its natural state as a permanent buffer. Where impacts within this
setback area are unavoidable due to the nature of the construction activity (e.g., stream crossings
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 59

for roads or utilities), the project should be designed such that the number of stream crossings and
the width of the disturbance within the setback area are minimized.
If the project site contains any streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands or other surface waters, certain
construction activities at the site may be regulated under the Clean Water Act or site isolated
wetland permit requirements. Sections 404 and 401 of the Cleans Water Act regulate the discharge
of dredged or fill material into surface waters and the impacts of such activities on water quality,
respectively. If the project contains streams, rivers, lakes or wetlands or possible wetlands, the
operator must contact the appropriate U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District Office. Any area of
seasonally wet hydric soil is a potential wetland – please consult the Soil Survey and list of hydric
soils for the county, available at the county’s Soil and Water Conservation District.
See Best Management Practices: Working In or Crossing Streams
Construction vehicles should avoid water resources and wetlands. If the applicant is permitted to disturb
areas within fifty (50) feet of a water resource or wetland, the following conditions should be addressed
in the SWP3:
• All BMPs and stream crossings should be designed as specified in the most recent edition of the
Rainwater and Land Development Manual.
• Structural practices should be designated and implemented on site to protect water resources or
wetlands from the impacts of sediment runoff.
• No structural sediment controls (e.g., the installation of silt fence or a sediment settling pond instream)
should be used in a water resource or wetland.
• Where stream crossings for roads or utilities are necessary and permitted, the project should be
designed such that the number of stream crossings and the width of the disturbance are minimized.
• Temporary stream crossings should be constructed of clean non-erodible material if water resources
or wetlands will be crossed by construction vehicles during construction. Such activities must adhere
to all applicable State and Federal permitting requirements.
• Construction of bridges, culverts, or sediment control structures should not place soil, debris, or
other particulate material into or close to the water resources or wetlands in such a manner that it
may slough, slip, or erode.
4.7.7 Modifying Controls
If periodic inspections or other information indicates a control has been used inappropriately or
incorrectly, the site operator should replace or modify the control for site conditions.
4.8 Non-Sediment Pollutant Controls
No solid or liquid waste, including building materials, should be discharged in stormwater runoff. The site
operator should implement site best management practices described in the SWP3 to prevent toxic
materials, hazardous materials, or other debris from entering water resources or wetlands. These
practices should include but are not limited to the following:
4.8.1 Waste Materials
A covered dumpster should be made available for the proper disposal of garbage, plaster, drywall, grout,
gypsum, and other waste materials.
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4.8.2 Concrete Truck Wash Out
Concrete material should not be washed into a street, catch basin, or other public facility or natural
resource. A designated area for concrete washout should be made available.
4.8.3 Fuel/Liquid Tank Storage
All fuel/liquid tanks and drums should be stored in a marked storage area. A dike should be constructed
around this storage area with a minimum capacity equal to 110% of the volume of all containers in the
storage area. All storage areas should be lined with clay or other impervious liner to prevent the
contamination of groundwater resources.
4.8.4 Toxic or Hazardous Waste Disposal
Any toxic or hazardous waste should be disposed of properly.
4.8.5 Contaminated Soils Disposal and Runoff
Contaminated soils from redevelopment sites should be disposed of properly. Runoff from contaminated
soils should not be discharged from the site. The SWP3 should describe what procedures and measures
will be implemented to achieve this. Proper permits should be obtained for development projects on solid
waste landfill sites or redevelopment sites.
4.9 Compliance with Other Requirements
The SWP3 should be consistent with applicable state or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer, or septic
system regulations, including provisions prohibiting waste disposal by open burning, and should provide
for the proper disposal of contaminated soils located within the development area.
4.10 Trench and Ground Water Control
There should be no sediment-laden or turbid discharges to water resources or wetlands resulting from
dewatering activities. If trench or ground water contains sediment, it should pass through a sedimentsettling
pond or other equally effective sediment control device, prior to being discharged from the
construction site. Alternatively, sediment may be removed by settling in place or by dewatering into a
sump pit, filter bag or comparable practice. Ground water dewatering which does not contain sediment
or other pollutants is not required to be treated prior to discharge. However, care must be taken when
discharging ground water to ensure that it does not become pollutant-laden by traversing over disturbed
soils or other pollutant sources. The SWP3 should describe what BMPs will be used. In the case of
structural controls, the site operator should have detail drawings and specifications available for
inspection.
4.11 Internal Inspections
All controls (structural and non structural) on the site should be inspected at least once every seven (7)
calendar days and within twenty-four (24) hours after any storm event greater than one-half inch (1/2”) of
rain per twenty-four (24) hour period. The applicant should assign qualified inspection personnel to
conduct these inspections to ensure that the control practices are functional and to evaluate whether the
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 61

SWP3 is adequate, or whether additional control measures are required. Qualified inspection personnel
are individuals with knowledge and experience in the installation and maintenance of sediment and
erosion controls. These inspections should meet the following requirements:
• Disturbed areas and areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation should be
inspected for evidence of or the potential for, pollutants entering the drainage system.
• Erosion and sediment control measures identified in the SWP3 should be observed to ensure that
they are operating correctly. The applicant should utilize an inspection form provided by the local
reviewing agency or an alternate form acceptable to the local reviewing agency.
• Discharge locations should be inspected to determine whether erosion and sediment control
measures are effective in preventing significant impacts to the receiving water resource or wetlands.
• Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site should be inspected for evidence of off-site vehicle
tracking.
The applicant should retain the following information for three (3) years after final stabilization:
• the results of inspections,
• the names and qualifications of personnel making the inspections,
• the dates of inspections,
• major observations relating to the implementation of the SWP3,
• a certification as to whether the facility is in compliance with the SWP3, and
• information on any incidents of non-compliance determined by these inspections.
4.12 Maintenance
The SWP3 should be designed to minimize maintenance requirements. All control practices should be
maintained and repaired as needed to ensure continued performance of their intended function until final
stabilization. All sediment control practices should be maintained in a functional condition until all up
slope areas they control reach final stabilization. The applicant should provide a description of
maintenance procedures needed to ensure the continued performance of control practices and should
ensure a responsible party and adequate funding to conduct this maintenance, all as determined by the
local reviewing agency. When inspections reveal the need for repair, replacement, or installation of
erosion and sediment control BMPs, the following procedures should be followed:
• If an internal inspection reveals that a control practice is in need of repair or maintenance, with the
exception of a sediment-settling pond, it should be repaired or maintained within three (3) days of
the inspection. Sediment settling ponds should be repaired or maintained within ten (10) days of the
inspection.
• If an internal inspection reveals that a control practice fails to perform its intended function as
detailed in the SWP3 and that another, more appropriate control practice is required, the SWP3
must be amended and the new control practice should be installed within ten (10) days of the
inspection.
• If an internal inspection reveals that a control practice has not been implemented in accordance with
the schedule, the control practice should be implemented within ten (10) days from the date of the
inspection. If the internal inspection reveals that the planned control practice is not needed, the
record should contain a statement of explanation as to why the control practice is not needed.
4.13 Final Stabilization
Final stabilization should be determined by the local reviewing agency.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 62

CHAPTER 5 - POST-CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF
CONTROLS
______________________________________________
5.0 Chapter Summary
This Chapter is intended to provide:
• examples and guidance on methods of runoff conveyance
• examples and guidance on methods of runoff pre-treatment
• examples and guidance on different methods of runoff treatment
5.1 Runoff Conveyance
5.1.1 General Guidelines
Public safety should be a paramount consideration in stormwater system and pond design. Providing
safe retention is the applicant's responsibility. Pond designs will incorporate gradual side slopes,
vegetative and barrier plantings, and safety shelves. Where further safety measures are required, the
applicant is expected to include them within the proposed development plans.
Stormwater management systems incorporating pumps generally will not be permitted. Variance
requests, submitted in accordance with these standards, will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Special requirements, such as the establishment of an operations /maintenance /replacement escrow
account by the Developer, may be imposed to help defray special assessments that would be levied
upon future property owners for maintenance of the system.
Detention and retention facilities should be located on common-owned property in multi-ownership
developments such as site condominiums and subdivisions, and not on private lots or condominium
units. Permanent easements will be required for drainage ways (ditches, channels), swales, ponds, and
sewer lines that will require maintenance.
Discharge should outlet within the drainage basin where flows originate, and generally may not be
diverted to another basin. Requirements for stormwater quantity control may be waived for
developments in the downstream-most locations of a watershed, although quality management will still
be necessary. Determinations will be made by the local reviewing agency on an individual site basis.
5.1.2 Grass Swales
Where permitted and feasible, open vegetated swales should be used instead of curb and gutter or hard
piping to convey stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales help filter stormwater by allowing pollutants to
settle out as the water is slowed by the vegetation and by providing an opportunity for the some of the
water to infiltrate into the ground. Vegetated swales can also provide temporary retention, reducing
stormwater discharge rates.
General Applicability
Vegetated swales are effective in low to moderate density development with sufficient land area. The
soils must be able to resist erosion and support dense cover vegetation. Vegetated swales generally
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 63

work best in gently sloping areas (5 percent maximum) where the swale is cut into the existing
landscape. See figure 5-1.
Design Guidelines
Route & Length – Open vegetated swales should follow pre-development drainage patterns. Swale
length should be a minimum of 200 feet when possible, to increase the contact time of stormwater.
Longitudinal Slope – The maximum allowable longitudinal slope should be 5 percent. The slope
should provide for sufficient drainage and uniform flow, while preventing excessive velocities. For
slopes greater than 2 percent, a series of check dams or drop structures across swales should be used
to maintain acceptable flows.
Channel Shape – Swales should be designed to promote shallow, low velocity flow (i.e. trapezoidal
channel). This maximizes the channel filtering surface, facilitates sedimentation and infiltration, and
increases the travel time to the discharge point. The side slopes should be gentle enough to maximize
the filtering surface and resist bank erosion, and steep enough to adequately contain anticipated flows.
The side slopes of the channel should not be steeper than 2 Horizontal : 1 Vertical.
Capacity – The swale should be designed to adequately convey the 10-year, 24-hour storm event at
non-erosive velocities.
Flow Velocity – The bottom of the channel should be wide enough to maintain the desired shallow flow,
but narrow enough to maintain sufficient velocity to prevent rills from forming during low flows. The
velocity for a 2-year, 24-hour storm should not exceed 2 feet per second. A series of check dams or
drop structures across swales should be provided where necessary to enhance water quality
performance and reduce velocities.
Channel Stabilization – Slopes and bottoms of swales should be stabilized to prevent erosion. This is
commonly accomplished with an erosion-resistant grass, such as tall fescue. If the grass is planted from
seed, temporary matting is required to stabilize the soil while the grass is established. For swales in
areas with steeper slopes, check dams may need to be constructed within the channel to slow the
velocity.
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Example of a Grass Swale Application
Figure 5- 1 Example of a Grass Swale Application
Source: State of Maryland, Department of the Environment. 2000 Maryland Stormwater Design Manual, Vol. I & II.
5.2 Runoff Pre-Treatment
5.2.1 Filter Strips
Filter strips (a.k.a., buffer strips, vegetated filter strips, grass filter strips, and grassed filters) are
vegetated areas that are intended to treat sheet flow from adjacent impervious areas. Filter strips
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 65

function by slowing runoff velocities and filtering out sediment and other pollutants, and providing some
infiltration into underlying soils. The filter strip may be planted in shrub/forest or a dense grass. The filter
strip may also be a natural undisturbed area where the site characteristics mimic the design
characteristics outlined below.
Filter strips were originally used as an agricultural treatment practice, and have more recently evolved
into an urban practice. With proper design and maintenance, filter strips can provide relatively high
pollutant removal. One challenge associated with filter strips, however, is that it is difficult to maintain
sheet flow. Consequently, urban filter strips are often "short circuited" by concentrated flows, which
results in little or no treatment of stormwater runoff. 3
General Applicability
Filter strips can be utilized in urban settings for treating rooftop runoff, runoff from parking lots and runoff
from other pervious areas. The filter strips work best with low-density development and are not
recommended for controlling runoff from large commercial/industrial establishments. Filter strips work
best when established with a minimum flow length of 50-70 feet, and a relatively low slope (less than 5
percent).
While filter strips are not recommended for higher-density development, they can be effective when used
as a component in a treatment train. Filter strips do not provide enough runoff storage or infiltration to
significantly reduce peak discharges or the volume of storm runoff. For this reason, a filter strip should
be viewed as only one component in a stormwater management system. At some sites, filter strips may
help reduce the size and cost of downstream control facilities.
Design Guidelines
Treatment Length (T) – The length (direction of flow) of the filter strip should be at least 50 feet to
provide water quality treatment.
Filter Width (W) – The filter strip should be the same width of the area to be treated.
Longitudinal Slope (S o ) – Filter strips should be designed on slopes less than 10 percent. Greater
slopes than this encourage the formation of concentrated flow. The areas to be treated by the filter strip
should consist of or be graded to a uniform longitudinal slope of 5 percent or less to discourage
concentrated flow. Both the top and toe of the slope should be as flat as possible to encourage sheet
flow and prevent erosion. A level spreader may be required to uniformly distribute the incoming flow.
Level Spreader – Use of a pea gravel diaphragm at the top of the slope may be required. The pea
gravel diaphragm (a small trench running along the top of the filter strip) serves two purposes. First, it
acts as a pretreatment device, settling out sediment particles before they reach the practice. Second it
acts as a level spreader, maintaining sheet flow as runoff flows over the filter strip. The filter strip should
exactly meet the elevation of the level spreader to help prevent erosion and concentrated flows. 4
3 The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center (SMRC). Stormwater Practice Fact sheets.
4 The Stormwater Manager's Resource Center (SMRC). Stormwater Practice Fact sheets.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 66

Drainage Length (L 1 ) – Filter strips should be used to treat relatively small drainage areas or in
combination with other practices. The limiting design factor, however, is not the drainage area the filter
strip treats but rather the length of flow contributing to it. The maximum length of impervious area that
can be treated with a filter strip is 100 feet.
Vegetation – The filter strip should be planted with vegetation that can withstand relatively high velocity
flows, and both wet and dry periods. A variety of species of grasses, shrubs and trees can be used, but
they need to provide dense cover and resist erosion. Where natural areas are to be used as filter strips,
any bare soil should be stabilized with native, non-invasive species.
Example of a Filter Strip
Figure 5- 2 Example of a Filter Strip
5.2.2 Sand Filter
A sand filter is a treatment device, whereby the first flush of runoff is diverted into an off-line, selfcontained
bed of sand. The runoff is then strained through the sand, collected in underground pipes and
returned back to the storm sewer or channel. Enhanced sand filters utilize layers of peat, limestone,
and/or topsoil, and may also have a grass cover crop. As the stormwater flows through the filter, the
sand and other filtration media trap and absorb pollutants. In general, sand filters have a limited ability
to reduce peak discharges and are usually designed solely to improve water quality. They are most
commonly used in a treatment train, in combination with a pond or other water quantity control. Most
filtering practices cannot provide adequate stormwater detention or flood attenuation and
additional water quantity controls may be necessary.
General Applicability
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Sand filtration systems are most beneficial when land space is limited or expensive, because they can
be designed to be placed underground or to border the perimeter of a parking lot or other impervious
surface. They are best used for smaller sites (5 acres or less) where the percent imperviousness is
high. 5 The maximum contributing area to an individual stormwater filtering system is usually less than 10
acres. Filters have been used on larger drainage areas in the past (up to 100 acres), but these systems
often clog.
Sand filters are an excellent option to treat runoff from stormwater with higher levels of contaminants
because stormwater treated by sand filters has no interaction with, and thus no potential to contaminate
groundwater. Sand filtering systems are generally applied to land uses with a high percentage of
impervious surfaces. Sites with imperviousness less than 75 percent will require sedimentation
pretreatment techniques.
The cost of construction of concrete underground sand filtration facilities is high in relation to other BMPs
and the maintenance burden for the owner can be significant. However, the space savings achieved by
placing the structure underground can often offset these costs.
There are three basic sand filtration BMP types (1) underground sand filter, (2) perimeter sand filter, and
(3) surface sand filter. The underground filter is ideal to treat stormwater from ultra-urban sites where
land costs are high and space is limited. The perimeter sand filter and surface sand filter are best suited
for treating parking lot runoff and other predominantly impervious surface areas.
Design Guidelines
Filtering Conveyance – If runoff is delivered by a storm drainpipe or is along the main conveyance
system, the filtering practice should be designed off-line. An overflow should be provided within the
practice to pass a percentage of the WQ v to a stabilized watercourse. In addition, overflow for the 10-
year, 24-hour storm should be provided to a non-erosive outlet point (to prevent downstream slope
erosion). The entire treatment system (including pretreatment) should temporarily hold at least 75
percent of the WQ v prior to filtration.
Filter Bed – The filter media should consist of medium sand (Exp. ASTM C-33 concrete sand). The
filter bed typically has a minimum depth of 18". The perimeter filter may have a minimum filter bed depth
of 12". The filter area for sand should be sized based on the principles of Darcy's Law. A coefficient of
permeability (k) for sand of 3.5 ft/day should be used. 6 The required filter bed area is computed using
the following equation:
5 City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
6 Center for Watershed Protection, Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems. 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 68

A f = (WQ v ) (d f ) / [ (k) (h f + d f ) (t f )]
A f = Surface area of filter bed (ft 2 )
d f = filter bed depth (ft)
k = coefficient of permeability of filter media (ft/day)
h f = average height of water above filter bed (ft)
t f = design filter bed drain time (days)
(1.67 days or 40 hours is recommended maximum for sand filters)
Sedimentation Chamber – The sedimentation chamber should be designed to detain at least 50
percent of the WQ v . This volume should be slowly released over a period of several hours. The
extended detention time improves the removal efficiency by settling out more coarse sediments and
helps prevent premature clogging of the filter bed. 7
Sand Filter Chamber – Flow from the sedimentation chamber should be uniformly distributed across
the sand filter. Overflow weirs along the width of the sand filter can be used to ensure uniform
distribution. When flow from the sedimentation basin/chamber is by pipe, a flow distribution chamber is
required. 8
Under-drain System – Stormwater filters should be equipped with a minimum 4" perforated pipe under
drain (6" is preferred) in a gravel layer. A permeable filter fabric should be placed between the gravel
layer and the filter media.
Maintenance
Access – Adequate maintenance access (i.e. easement) from public or private right-of-way to the filter
facility should be reserved. For underground facilities, maintenance and inspection openings should be
provided. Large aluminum or steel doors should provide maintenance equipment easy access to the
sand filter chamber. Observation manholes or doors should be provided for underground overflow and
sedimentation chambers.
Sedimentation Chamber – Sediment should be cleaned out of the sedimentation chamber when it
accumulates to a depth of more than six inches. Vegetation within the sedimentation chamber should be
7 City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
8 City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 69

limited to a height of 18 inches. The sediment chamber outlet devices should be cleaned/repaired when
draw down times exceed 36 hours. Trash and debris should be removed as necessary.
Filter Bed – Silt/sediment should be removed from the filter bed when the accumulation exceeds one
inch. When the filtering capacity of the filter diminishes substantially (i.e., when water ponds on the
surface of the filter bed for more than 48 hours), the top few inches of discolored material should be
removed and should be replaced with fresh material. The removed sediments should be disposed in an
acceptable manner (e.g., landfill).
Sand filters that have a grass cover should be mowed a minimum of 3 times per growing season to
maintain maximum grass heights less than 12 inches. Direct maintenance access should be provided to
the pretreatment area and the filter bed.
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Example of an Underground Sand Filter
Figure 5- 3 Example of an Underground Sand Filter
Source: City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 71

Example of a Perimeter Sand Filter
Figure 5- 4 Example of a Perimeter Sand Filter
Source: City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 72

Example of a Surface Sand Filter
Figure 5- 5 Example of a Surface Sand Filter
Source: City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 73

5.3 Runoff Treatment
5.3.1 Bioretention Cells
Bioretention cells are gaining popularity
throughout the U.S. as both a water quality
and quantity practice for smaller drainage
areas. Bioretention treats stormwater
through a variety of mechanisms, including
settling, adsorption, microbial breakdown,
and nutrient assimilation. Bioretention is
efficient at removing pollutants typical of
urban areas. The study below was performed
by the University of Maryland to assess the
\Figure 5-6 A bioretention area built into a Parking lot island.
(Photo: Milt Rhodes, NC Division of Water Quality.)
pollutant removal efficiency of six bioretention cells (Hsieh and Davis, 2005).
Figure 5-7 –Pollutant removal study by the University of Maryland
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 74

Figure Bioretention in Cross-Section – How it works
A broad array of bioretention designs have been utilized to successfully treat stormwater runoff.
Although designs vary, the treatment techniques employed are often the same.
Ponding Area
The ponding area functions by storing stormwater
and promoting the settling of suspended solids. It
allows for a degree of evaporation while stormwater
infiltrates through the cell.
runoff
also
Mulch Layer
The organic mulch layer is a critical component of
bioretention installations. This layer is responsible
for
heavy metal removal (Cu, Pb, Zn) due to the strong
affinity metals have for organic matter. Heavy metal
removal rates in bioretention cells are excellent,
with
studies showing reductions of 90% or better (Davis
et al,
2001). In addition, this layer provides a medium for
microbial growth, an important constituent in the removal of vehicle emissions. Research has
demonstrated vehicle emissions (naphthalene, toluene, oil) are removed at 80% or greater efficiency
within the mulch layers of bioretention cells (Hong, et al, in press).
Soil Medium
Figure 5- 8 Cross-sectional view of the treatment
matrix.
Source: Low Impact Development Center
An engineered soil matrix is generally the largest component of bioretention cells by volume. Soils are
designed to achieve high infiltration rates while accomplishing pollutant removal and providing a medium
for plant growth. A multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes occur in this layer, including
nitrification (ammonia to less toxic N-compounds), denitrification (nitrate to nitrogen gas), filtration,
sorption, degradation, and decomposition. It is through many of these processes that phosphorus and
nitrogen are removed, sequestered or modified.
Gravel and Underdrain
Underdrains are often needed to ensure proper drainage and keep the soil medium in an aerobic state.
Properly drained bioretention areas will limit ponding, prevent cell short-circuiting, and contribute to
healthy vegetation.
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Site Applicability
Bioretention is a flexible practice compatible with a variety of land uses. If integrated into the landscape
properly, bioretention cells are aesthetically pleasing areas that enhance both the environment and
water quality.
Drainage Area
The maximum drainage area of any single cell should not exceed 2 acres. Larger drainage areas may
create discharge flows that erode bioretention or pretreatment areas. Multiple bioretention cells are
often used to treat larger drainage areas, with the target sub-watershed of any single cell being 0.5-2
acres.
Water Table
Seasonally high water tables are a limitation for bioretention practices due to frequent saturation of the
engineered soil matrix. Additional drainage will have to be installed in order to maintain desired
infiltration rates. A minimum of 2 feet should be established between the seasonally high water table
and the bottom of the bioretention facility.
Bioretention Area
Required area is 4-7% of the contributing drainage area. Smaller sites should have a minimum cell area
of 15 feet by 40 feet. It is recommended that at least a 2:1 length-to-width ratio be maintained to promote
distribution of flow and decrease the potential for erosive flows.
Soils
Soils are often excavated and replaced with an engineered soil mix. However, when designing for
groundwater recharge (i.e. no underdrain) using existing soils, in-situ soils may have to be further
examined for permeability. Infiltration rates of less than 1”/hr typically require an underdrain system.
Designing Bioretention Cells
Treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates
Water quality storage: WQv
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Water quality draw-down time: 40 hours
Floodwater storage: N/A
Maximum release rate: N/A
Emergency Spillway Capacity: Bioretention emergency spillways are generally catch basins that drain
ponded water greater than 6-12” in depth, with a target depth of 9”.
General Overview
A multitude of designs exist for bioretention cells. This flexible practice affords the designer an
opportunity to meet a number of objectives, including treatment of the water quality volume (WQv),
promoting groundwater recharge, and specific pollutant removal.
Enhanced infiltration: This design lacks an underdrain thereby allowing water to follow the natural
processes of evaporation, transpiration and infiltration. In-situ soil infiltration rates need to exceed 1”/hr.
This design should not be used where ponded water is a concern.
Filtration/partial recharge: This design provides an underdrain at the invert of the soil matrix to ensure
the desired infiltration rate is met. The underdrain is bedded in a gravel blanket, with filter fabric
wrapped around the blanket (not the pipe). Partial groundwater recharge is achieved, although is not
the primary objective.
Infiltration/filtration recharge: This design provides a deep gravel jacket below the underdrain pipe
which acts as a fluctuating anaerobic/aerobic zone. It is used to encourage denitrification (conversion of
nitrate to nitrogen gas), which is an important process in preventing the eutrophication of receiving
waters. Areas with higher nutrient loadings, such as subdivisions, are likely to benefit from this design.
Filtration: This design utilizes an impervious liner, gravel jacket and underdrain system. The
impervious liner separates the in-situ soils and the engineered soil matrix. It is ideal for areas where
heavy pollution is expected.
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Introducing Runoff
Runoff must be introduced as sheet flow into a bioretention cell. If site conditions permit, grass filter
strips should be used to provide pretreatment. Pretreatment has shown to reduce clogging by removing
suspended soils prior to treatment in a bioretention cell. A level spreader (or stone diaphragm) is often
needed to ensure that runoff enters the cell or filter strip as sheet flow.
In areas with limited space, such as parking lot islands, sheet flow can be introduced directly into the
bioretention area through curb cuts (see Fig. 5-9 & 5-10).
Figure 5- 9 Contractor sawing curb cuts.
(Photo: Dakota County Soil and Water)
Figure 5-10 completed curb cuts and bioretention cells.
(Photo: Dakota County Soil and Water)
Bioretention Area: The bioretention area should be sized to meet Water Quality Volume requirements
(WQv), with the total surface area equaling 4-7% of the drainage area. This will vary in accordance with
the soil matrix depth, ponding depth and underdrain size. A length-to-width ratio of 2:1 is desirable.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 78

Bioretention Storage: The facility should be sized to store and drain the Water Quality Volume within
the prescribed time frame (40 hours). Storage should be computed using the ponding area, soil matrix
and underdrain.
Mulch: Fine shredded hardwood mulch is preferred. Mulch chips are more likely to float than shredded
mulch. The mulch layer should be 2-3 inches thick.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 79

Plan View Of A Bioretention Cell
Figure 5- 6 Plan View of a Bioretention Cell
Source: Prince George’s County, 1993
Section View Of A Bioretention Cell
Figure 5- 12 Section View of a Bioretention Cell
Source: Prince George’s County, 1993
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 80

Soil Matrix
Engineered soils are necessary for the majority of bioretention cells. The soil matrix should be designed
to achieve the desired infiltration rates, removal of the target pollutant(s), and support the desired plant
material.
The following soil mix is recommended by Hunt (2005):
Bioretention Soil Mix
85-88% sand: A washed medium sand is sufficient.
8-12% fines: Fines include both clay and silt.
3-5% organic matter: Newspaper and peat moss are often used.
Figure 5- 7 Bioretention Soil Mix
The planned soil media must be thoroughly mixed and consistent. In addition, soils must be adjusted to
treat the target pollutants of the site. When target pollutants are not taken into consideration, the
bioretention area will not improve water quality.
How Target Pollutants Influence Media Depth and Infiltration Rate
Pollutant Media Depth Infiltration Rate Comments
TSS
No minimum fill depth
required
2-6 inches per hour
recommended
If high TSS influent, frequent maintenance is
required.
Pathogens
No minimum fill depth
required
2-6 inches per hour
recommended
Limiting plant coverage allows more direct
sunlight to kill pathogens.
Metals 18 inches 2-6 inches per hour
recommended
Must keep top layer of cell from saturating for
extended periods of time.
Temperature
TBD. Conservatively, at
least 36 inches.
TBD, slower rates may be
preferable (less than 2
inches per hour)
Introduction of IWS volume at the bottom of the
cell may reduce effluent temperature.
Total Nitrogen Minimum 30 inches, 36
inches preferred
1-2 inches per hour, slower
is better
Introduction of IWS volume may reduce TN
concentrations.
Total Phosphorus 24 inches 2 inches per hour A low P-index is essential. Recommended P-
Index should range from 15 to 30.
Figure 5- 8 How Target Pollutants Influence Media Depth and Infiltration Rate
Table taken from Bioretention Performance and Design, Construction and Maintenance Considerations for Bioretention (Hunt,
2005)
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 81

Underdrain Gravel
Underdrain gravel should be clean, double-washed #57 stone.
Underdrain
Four inches to six inches rigid schedule 40 PVC. For perforated sections, use 3/8” perforations @ 6
inches o.c., 4 holes per row. Alternately, score pipe with circular pipe with circular saw or use 20-slot
well screen pipe.
Plantings
Bioretention plantings should consist of species that are tolerant of pollution, frequent inundation and are
compatible with the depth and texture of the soil medium. Plantings should occur when the entire
drainage area is stabilized. Native plants are strongly preferred over exotics. Invasive plants should not
be used. Additionally, individual site conditions will make certain species more desirable than others.
Contacting a qualified botanist, landscape architect or native plant dealer may be necessary to
determine suitable plant species.
Plants are available at several native plant dealers throughout Ohio. Contact the Lucas Soil and Water
Conservation District or OSU Extension Service for dealers. Figure 5-15 provides a comprehensive list
of native Ohio plants commonly recommended for bioretention cells.
Suitable Native Plants For Northern Ohio Bioretention Plantings
Type Botanical Name Common Name
F Aquilegia Canadensis Columbine
F Asarum canadense Wild Ginger
F Asclepias incarnate Marsh - Swamp - Red Milkweed
F Aster lateriflorus Side-Flowering Aster
F Aster novai-angliae New England Aster
F Baptisia australis Wild Blue Indigo
F Caltha Marsh Marigold
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 82

Type Botanical Name Common Name
F Chelone glabra White Turtlehead
F Echinacea angustifolia Purple Coneflower
F Erigeron Daisy Fleabane (volunteer)
F Eupatorium purpureum Joe-Pye Weed
F Iris versicolor Wild Iris (Blue Flag)
F Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star
F Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower
F Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia
F Lycopus americanus Cut-leaved Water Horehound (volunteer)
F Monarda didyma Bee Balm
F Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot
F Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern
F Osmunda cinnamornea Cinnamon Fern
F Osmunda regalis Royal Fern
F Penstemon digitalis Smooth Penstemon (Foxglove Beardtongue)
F Polemonium reptans Jacob’s Ladder
F Potentilla norvegica Rough Cinquefoil (volunteer)
F Rudbeckia subtomentosa Sweet Black-eyed Susan
F Rudbeckia triloba Branching Coneflower
F Sagittaria latifolia Arrowhead
F Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant
F Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock
F Solidago flexicalis Zig Zag Goldenrod
F Solidago ohioensis Ohio Goldenrod
F Stylophorum diphyllum Celandine Poppy
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 83

Type Botanical Name Common Name
F Talictrum polygonum Tall meadow Rue
F Typha Cattail
F Vernonia noveboracensis Common Ironweed
F Veronicastrum virginicum Culver’s Root
G Andropogon geradii Big Bluestem
G Carex Bicknell Sedge
G Carex bromoides Brome Hummock Sedge
G Carex muskingumensis Palm Sedge
G Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge
G Carex spp Sedges
G Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge
G Elymus villosis Silky Wild Rye
G Panicum vergatum Switch Grass
G Spartina pectinata Prairie Cord Grass
S Amelanchier laevis Shadbush
S Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood
S Hamamelis Virginiana Witch Hazel
S Sambucus Canadensis American Elderberry
S Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood
F
G
S
Forb (wildflower)
Graminoid (grass type plant)
Shrub
Figure 5- 15 Suitable Native Plants For Northern Ohio Bioretention Plantings
Native plant list provided by the Ohio Prairie Nursery
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 84

Construction Phase Considerations
Protection from sedimentation
Bioretention cells require protection from sedimentation during construction activities. Many case
studies indicate that bioretention cells that experience sedimentation (even relatively small amounts)
during construction have their infiltration rates significantly reduced.
Compaction
The engineered soil matrix should be allowed to undergo natural settling processes in lieu of mechanical
compaction. If excessive settling is anticipated, minimum compaction may be performed using the
bucket of a backhoe.
Maintenance
Like most other BMPs, bioretention cells require routine maintenance. Unforeseen variables such as
weather and watershed disturbance often dictate how much initial and future maintenance will be
required. Fig. 5-15 presents a typical maintenance schedule.
Recommended Minimum Maintenance Measures
Activity Frequency Time of year
Initial watering and fertilizing
Remove debris, weeding,
inspect overflow, biofilms
As needed to ensure plant
survival
As needed, but no less than
4 times annually
After construction is
complete
Any
Inspect plant material and
replace dead plants
2 times annually Spring or Fall
Pruning plant material 1-2 times annually As needed
Add fresh mulch Once every 6 months Spring and Fall
Remove mulch layer and
place new layer
Once very 2-3 years
Spring
Figure 5- 9 Recommended Minimum Maintenance Measures
In addition, several other considerations should be taken into account whenever inspecting bioretention
areas:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 85

• The cell is draining properly and uniformly. Excessive ponding is not an issue.
• The outlet is not eroding.
• Soil is not eroding in any part of the cell.
• The pretreatment practices are functioning properly.
Maintenance Agreement
A formal maintenance agreement with a party capable of performing periodic inspections and
maintenance is highly recommended.
Cited Literature
Davis, A.P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., and Minami, C., “Laboratory Study of Biological Retention
(Bioretention) for Urban Stormwater Management,” Water Environ. Res., 73(1), 5-14 (2001).
Hong, E., Seagren, E.A. and Davis, A.P. “Sustainable Oil and Grease Removal from Synthetic
Stormwater Runoff Using Bench-Scale Bioretention Studies,” Water Environ. Res., in press.
Hsieh, C.H. and Davis, A.P. “Evaluation and Optimization of Bioretention Media for Treatment of Urban
Stormwater Runoff,” J. Environ. Eng., ASCE, 131(11), 1521-1531 (2005).
Fact Sheets
Bioretention Performance and Design, Construction and Maintenance Considerations for Bioretention.
2005. Hunt, W.F. AGW-588-5 (suggested). North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Raleigh,
NC.
Designing Rain Gardens (Bio-retention Areas). 2001. W.F. Hunt and N.M. White. AG-588-3. North
Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Raleigh, NC.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 86

References
Lake County Stormwater Management Department. 2005. Bioretention Guidance. Lake County, OH.
Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources. 1993. Design Manual for Use of
Bioretention in Stormwater Management. Prince George’s County, Landover, MD.
Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources. 2002. Bioretention Manual. Prince
George’s County, Landover, MD.
Further Reading and Websites:
General design guidelines for bioretention areas, how bioretention works, plant selection, construction
cost estimates. Available at:
http://legacy.ncsu.edu/classes-a/bae/cont_ed/bioretention/lecture/design_rain.pdf
5.3.2 Stormwater Wetland
Stormwater wetland / marsh systems and wet detention ponds (Section 5.4.3) will be preferred to dry
ponds (Section 5.4.4). Dry ponds providing first flush detention and channel protection will be accepted
when the development site’s physical characteristics or other local circumstances make the use of a wet
pond infeasible.
Stormwater wetlands are constructed systems that are explicitly designed to provide treatment and
detention of stormwater. They accomplish this by temporarily storing stormwater runoff in shallow pools
that create growing conditions suitable for emergent and riparian wetland plants. The systems remove
pollutants through physical filtration, settling, and biological processes of the wetland plants. Stormwater
wetlands are similar to wet detention ponds (See Section 5.4.3), but require additional design elements
to maintain the proper growing conditions for the plants.
While they are designed to mimic the ecological functions of natural wetlands, stormwater wetlands are
constructed systems and require periodic maintenance and adjustments to work properly. As a general
rule, uncontrolled stormwater runoff should never be introduced into natural wetlands 9 .
9 Schueler, T.R., Design of Stormwater Wetland Systems: guidelines for creating diverse and effective stormwater
wetlands in the mid-Atlantic Region, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments: Washington, 1992.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 87

General Applicability
Land Area
Constructed wetlands are a widely applicable stormwater management practice and provide excellent
pollutant removal. However, wetlands consume a large area, which may limit their use on sites where
land values are high or additional land is not available.
Soil Types
Maintaining minimal water levels so that the wetland plants can survive is essential to the proper
function of stormwater wetlands. Therefore, stormwater wetlands are recommended for large drainage
areas (greater than 20 acres). Sites with type A and B soils may have high infiltration losses. These
sites may require clay or geo-textile liners to help maintain water levels.
Nuisance Abatement
Geese, ducks, and insects can become undesirable inhabitants of the wetland if it is not designed
properly. Limiting the amount of deep, open water as well as keeping open grass areas to a minimum
will discourage nuisance species. Careful consideration should be given to the possible adverse effects
of attracting wildlife to the site, prior to choosing this BMP.
Stormwater vs. Natural Wetlands
Stormwater wetlands that are separated from natural wetlands are typically not regulated under
appropriate State and Federal laws. However, State and Federal permit requirements should be
reviewed prior to stormwater wetland design. Required permits and certifications may include Section
401 water quality certification, Section 402 NPDES stormwater construction permit, Section 404
wetlands permit, dam safety permits, and local grading permits. Generally, stormwater wetlands should
not be located within delineated natural wetland areas, nor be used to mitigate the loss of natural
wetlands. Disruption or discharge to natural wetlands will not be allowed without a Section 404 permit
and State certification under Section 401 (See Chapter 9 for additional guidelines on Natural Wetlands
Protection).
Design Guidelines
Treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates
Water quality storage: WQ v
Water quality draw down time: 24 hours
Floodwater storage: Q f
Maximum release rate: Pre-development 5-year, 24-hour storm event
Emergency spillway capacity: Minimum 100-year, 24-hour storm event
A minimum of one foot of freeboard is required above the 25-year, 24-hour storm water elevation on all
detention/retention facilities.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 88

Forebay
A sediment forebay should be constructed at the inlet to provide energy dissipation and to trap and
localize incoming sediments. The forebay should be a separate basin, which can be formed by gabions,
a compacted earthen berm, or riprap.
The capacity of the forebay should be equivalent to 5 percent of the 25-year, 24-hour storm volume
based on the area tributary to the inlet. It is recommended that approximately 75 percent of the required
sediment storage be allocated to the forebay.
Direct maintenance access to the forebay for heavy equipment should be provided. This access should
allow construction equipment to get down in the forebay without disturbing the embankment.
Maintenance Elements
Adequate maintenance access (e.g. easement) from public or private right-of-way to the basin should be
reserved. The access will be on a slope of 5:1 or less, stabilized to withstand the passage of heavy
equipment, and will provide direct access to both the forebay and the riser/outlet.
An adequate area for temporary staging of spoils, prior to ultimate disposal, should be provided. This
area should be protected such that no runoff will be directed back into the stormwater management
system or onto private property. For subdivisions and site condominiums, an easement dedicated to the
local reviewing agency must be provided over the disposal area.
Pond Shape and Depth
Surface area to volume ratio should be maximized to the extent feasible. In general, depths of the
permanent pool should be varied and average between 3 and 6 feet. A minimum length-to-width ratio of
3:1 should be used unless structural measures are used to extend the flow path. Ponds should be
wedge-shaped, narrower at the inlet and wider at the outlet. Irregular shorelines are preferred.
A marsh fringe should be established near the inlet or forebay and around at least 50 percent of the
pond's perimeter. A shelf, a minimum of 4 feet wide at a depth of one foot, will surround the interior of
the perimeter to provide suitable conditions for the establishment of aquatic vegetation, and to reduce
the potential safety hazard to the public.
For safety purposes and to minimize erosion, basin side slopes will not be flatter than one foot vertical to
20 feet horizontal (20:1), nor steeper than one foot vertical to five feet horizontal (5:1). Steeper slopes
may be allowed if fencing at least 5 feet in height is provided, although fencing is discouraged for
aesthetic reasons.
Minimal Water Supply
To avoid drawdowns, a reliable supply of baseflow and/or groundwater will be required. If underlying
soils are highly permeable (e.g. in the "A" or "B" hydrologic groupings); the bottom of the basin should be
lined with an impermeable geo-textile or a 6-inch clay liner.
Basin Inlet/Outlet Design
Velocity dissipation measures should be incorporated into basin designs to minimize erosion at inlets
and outlets, and to minimize the re-suspension of pollutants. Inverts for inlet pipes should discharge at
the elevation of the permanent pool and perpendicular to the surface to allow the pool to dissipate the
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 89

energy of the inflow. Stone riprap pads should extend from the pipe invert to the pond bottom to prevent
erosion.
Anti-seep collars should be installed on any piping passing through the sides or bottom of the basin to
prevent leakage through the embankment.
To the extent feasible, the distance between inlet and outlet should be maximized. The length and
depth of the flow path across basins can be maximized by:
Increasing the length-to-width ratio of the entire design
Increasing the dry weather flow path within the system to attain maximum sinuosity
Dual orifices, V-notched weirs, or other designs should be used to assure an appropriate detention time
for all storm events. Where a pipe outlet or orifice plate is to be used to control discharge, it should have
a minimum diameter of six (6) inches. If this minimum orifice size permits release rates greater than
those specified in these rules, alternative outlet designs will be utilized that incorporate self-cleaning flow
restrictors, such as perforated risers and “V” notch orifice plates that provide the required release rate.
The outlet should be well-protected from clogging. A reverse-slope-submerged orifice or hooded, broad
crested weirs are recommended options. If a reverse-slope pipe is used, an adjustable valve may be
necessary to regulate flows. Orifices used to maintain a permanent pool levels should withdraw water at
least one foot below the surface of the water.
Backwater on the outlet structure from the downstream drainage system should be evaluated when
designing the outlet. All outlets should be designed to be easily accessible for heavy equipment required
for maintenance purposes.
All basins should have provisions for a defined emergency spillway, routed such that the main outflow
channel can pick it up. The emergency spillway should be set at the elevation of the 25-year, 24-hour
storm volume.
Where feasible, a drain for completely de-watering wet ponds should be installed for sediment removal
and other maintenance purposes.
Riser Design
Hoods or trash racks should be installed on the riser to prevent clogging. Grate openings should be a
maximum of 3 inches.
The riser should be placed near or within the embankment, to provide for ready maintenance access.
Inlet and outlet barrels and risers should be constructed of materials that will reduce future maintenance
requirements.
The riser pipe should be a minimum of 24 inches in diameter for riser pipes up to 4 feet in height. Riser
pipes greater than 4 feet in height should be 48 inches in diameter. Riser pipes should be constructed
with poured-in-place concrete bottoms.
Wetland Plantings
A critical determinant of a wetland’s pollutant removal capacity is the establishment of a healthy and
diverse plant community. A wetland expert or landscape architect should be employed to develop a
planting plan that utilizes native wetland plants.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 90

Suitable planting soils and water depths are essential for the establishment of viable plants. A grading
plan should be followed to create appropriate water depths. Since most basins are excavated to nutrient
poor sub soils, addition of topsoil and mulch will most likely be necessary. The soil should have
adequate texture and organic matter to retain the requisite moisture for plant growth.
The operator should monitor viability of plantings for two years to ensure establishment; reinforcement
and replacement plantings should be provided as needed.
A permanent buffer strip of vegetation extending at least 25 feet in width beyond the freeboard elevation
should be maintained or restored around the perimeter of all stormwater storage facilities. No lawn care
chemical applications should be applied to the buffer area, except to control noxious weeds or injurious
pests.
Additional Resources
Further details on stormwater wetland design may be obtained from other resources including:
Shueler, T.R., Design of Stormwater Wetland Systems: guidelines for creating diverse and
effective stormwater wetlands in the mid-Atlantic region. Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments, 1992.
Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 91

Maintenance
Maintenance Agreement
A legal entity should be designated or established with responsibility for inspecting and maintaining the
stormwater wetland. The legal agreement should list specific maintenance responsibilities (including
timetables) and provide for the funding to cover inspection and maintenance.
Inlet & Outlet Inspections
The inlet and outlet of the pond should be checked periodically to ensure that flow structures are not
blocked by debris. Inspections should be conducted monthly during wet weather conditions from March
to November. It is important to design flow structures so that they can be easily inspected for debris
blockage, and so that corrective action can be taken even during storm conditions.
Erosion & Instability
Stormwater wetlands should be inspected annually for erosion, destabilization of side slopes,
embankment settling and other signs of structural failure, and loss of storage volume due to sediment
accumulation. Corrective action should be taken in a timely manner upon identification of problems.
Embankment Maintenance
Embankments should be maintained to preserve their integrity as impoundment structures, including, but
not limited to, vegetative maintenance (mowing, control of woody vegetation), rodent control, erosion
control and repair, and outlet control structure maintenance and repair.
Hazardous Substance Storage
For sites where hazardous substances may be stored and used (e.g. certain commercial and industrial
developments), a spill response plan should be developed that clearly defines the emergency steps to
be taken in the event of an accidental release of harmful substances that may migrate to the pond. As a
result of this plan, design elements such as shut-off valves or gates may be needed.
Sediment Removal
Sediment removal in the forebay and/or wetland should occur every 5 to 7 years or after 50 percent of
total capacity has been lost. Sediments excavated from stormwater ponds that do not receive runoff
from designated hotspots are not considered toxic or hazardous material, and can be safely disposed by
either land application or land filling. Sediment testing may be required prior to sediment disposal when
a hotspot land use is present. Sediment removed from stormwater ponds should be disposed of
according to an approved erosion and sediment control plan.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 92

Example of a Stormwater Wetland
Figure 5- 10 Example of a Stormwater Wetland
Source: Schueler, T.R. Design of Stormwater Wetland Systems: guidelines for creating diverse and effective stormwater wetlands in the
mid-Atlantic region. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments: Washington, 1992.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 93

5.3.3 Wet Detention Ponds
Wet detention ponds are one of the most widely accepted BMP’s for meeting water quantity
requirements and providing limited stormwater quality treatment. The “wet pond” improves water quality
by detaining the stormwater for an extended period of time in a permanent pool, which allows pollutants
to settle out. Runoff from each rain event is detained and treated in the pond until it is displaced by
runoff from the next storm event. Pollutants removed include suspended solids, organic matter,
dissolved metals, and nutrients.
There are several common modifications that can be made to the ponds to increase their pollutant
removal effectiveness. The first is to increase the settling area for sediments through the addition of a
sediment forebay. Heavier sediments will drop out of suspension as runoff passes through the sediment
forebay, while lighter sediments will settle out as the runoff is retained in the permanent pool. A second
common modification is the construction of shallow ledges along the edge of the permanent pool. The
ledges allow emergent wetland plants to grow, adding some of the biological benefits of a stormwater
wetland (Section 5.4.2).
General Applicability
Land Area
Land constraints, such as small sites or highly developed areas, may preclude the installation of a wet
pond. The wet pond BMP is most applicable for large industrial and commercial facilities and residential
subdivisions. Owners of smaller properties may cooperatively construct one large pond to serve several
sites. Fewer, cooperative ponds are preferred to numerous individual smaller ponds. Wet detention
ponds are effective in meeting both stormwater quantity and quality goals. Additionally, they can provide
an amenity to properties through “water front” designation, fountain pools, wildlife habitat, etc.
Soils
Wet detention ponds must be able to maintain a permanent pool of water. Therefore, similar to
stormwater wetlands, wet ponds are recommended for medium to large drainage areas (greater than 10
acres). Sites with highly permeable soils (e.g. in the "A" or "B" hydrologic groupings) may require clay or
geo-textile liners to help maintain water levels.
Retrofit
Wet ponds provide opportunities for retrofit coverage for existing development. With minor excavation
and/or modification of the outlet, existing dry ponds can be converted to wet ponds. The retrofits can
generate greater water quality benefits for the receiving stream, helping the (community) meet water
quality goals.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 94

Design Guidelines
Treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates
Water quality storage: WQ v
Water quality draw down time: 24 hours
• Floodwater storage: Q f
Maximum release rate: Pre-development 5-year, 24-hour storm event
• Emergency spillway capacity: Minimum 100-year, 24-hour storm event
• A minimum of one foot of freeboard is required above the 25-year, 24-hour stormwater
elevation on all detention/retention facilities.
Figure 5- 11 treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates
Forebay
A sediment forebay should be constructed at the inlet to provide energy dissipation and to trap and
localize incoming sediments. The forebay should be a separate basin, which can be formed by gabions,
a compacted earthen berm, or riprap.
The capacity of the forebay should be equivalent to 5 percent of the 25-year, 24-hour storm volume
based on the area tributary to the inlet. It is recommended that approximately 75 percent of the required
sediment storage be allocated to the forebay.
Direct maintenance access to the forebay for heavy equipment should be provided. This access should
allow construction equipment to get down in the forebay without disturbing the embankment.
Maintenance Elements
Adequate maintenance access (e.g. easement) from public or private right-of-way to the basin should be
reserved. The access will be on a slope of 5:1 or less, stabilized to withstand the passage of heavy
equipment, and will provide direct access to both the forebay and the riser/outlet.
An adequate area for temporary staging of spoils, prior to ultimate disposal, should be provided. This
area should be protected such that no runoff will be directed back into the Stormwater management
system or onto private property. For subdivisions and site condominiums, an easement must be
provided over the disposal area.
Pond Shape and Depth
Surface area to volume ratio should be maximized to the extent feasible. Average depth of the
permanent pool should be a minimum of 3 feet. A minimum length-to-width ratio of 3:1 should be used
unless structural measures are used to extend the flow path. Ponds should be wedge-shaped, narrower
at the inlet and wider at the outlet.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 95

Minimal Water Supply
To avoid drawdowns, a reliable supply of baseflow and/or groundwater will be required. If underlying
soils are highly permeable (e.g. in the "A" or "B" hydrologic groupings); the bottom of the basin should be
lined with an impermeable geo-textile or a 6-inch clay liner.
Basin Inlet/Outlet Design
Velocity dissipation measures should be incorporated into basin designs to minimize erosion at inlets
and outlets, and to minimize the re-suspension of pollutants. Inverts for inlet pipes should discharge at
the elevation of the permanent pool and perpendicular to the surface to allow the pool to dissipate the
energy of the inflow. Stone riprap pads should extend from the pipe invert to the pond bottom to prevent
erosion.
Anti-seep collars should be installed on any piping passing through the sides or bottom of the basin to
prevent leakage through the embankment.
To the extent feasible, the distance between inlet and outlet should be maximized. The length and depth
of the flow path across basins can be maximized by:
Increasing the length-to-width ratio of the entire design
Increasing the dry weather flow path within the system to attain maximum sinuosity
Dual orifices, V-notched weirs, or other designs should be used to assure an appropriate detention time
for all storm events. Where a pipe outlet or orifice plate is to be used to control discharge, it should have
a minimum diameter of 6 inches. If this minimum orifice size permits release rates greater than those
specified in these rules, alternative outlet designs will be utilized that incorporate self-cleaning flow
restrictors, such as perforated risers and “V” notch orifice plates that provide the required release rate.
The outlet should be well-protected from clogging. A reverse-slope-submerged orifice or hooded, broad
crested weirs are recommended options. If a reverse-slope pipe is used, an adjustable valve may be
necessary to regulate flows. Orifices used to maintain a permanent pool levels should withdraw water at
least one foot below the surface of the water.
Backwater on the outlet structure from the downstream drainage system should be evaluated when
designing the outlet. All outlets should be designed to be easily accessible for heavy equipment
required for maintenance purposes.
All basins should have provisions for a defined emergency spillway, routed such that the main outflow
channel can pick it up. The emergency spillway should be set at the elevation of the 25-year, 24-hour
storm volume.
Where feasible, a drain for completely de-watering wet ponds should be installed for maintenance
purposes.
Riser Design
Hoods or trash racks should be installed on the riser to prevent clogging. Grate openings should be a
maximum of 3 inches.
The riser should be placed near or within the embankment, to provide for ready maintenance access.
Inlet and outlet barrels and risers should be constructed of materials that will reduce future maintenance
requirements.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 96

The riser pipe should be a minimum of 24 inches in diameter for riser pipes up to 4 feet in height. Riser
pipes greater than 4 feet in height should be 48 inches in diameter. Riser pipes should be constructed
with poured-in-place concrete bottoms.
Buffer
A permanent buffer strip of vegetation extending at least 25 feet in width beyond the freeboard elevation
should be maintained or restored around the perimeter of all stormwater storage facilities. No lawn care
chemical applications should be applied to the buffer area, except to control noxious weeds or injurious
pests.
Additional Resources
Further details on stormwater wetland design may be obtained from other resources including:
Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996.
Maintenance
Maintenance Agreement
A legal entity should be designated or established with responsibility for inspecting and maintaining any
detention pond. The legal agreement should list specific maintenance responsibilities (including
timetables) and provide for the funding to cover inspection and maintenance.
Inlet & Outlet Inspections
The inlet and outlet of the pond should be checked periodically to ensure that flow structures are not
blocked by debris. Inspections should be conducted monthly during wet weather conditions from March
to November. It is important to design flow structures so that they can be easily inspected for debris
blockage, and so that corrective action can be taken even during storm conditions.
Erosion & Instability
Ponds should be inspected annually for erosion, destabilization of side slopes, embankment settling and
other signs of structural failure, and loss of storage volume due to sediment accumulation. Corrective
action should be taken in a timely manner upon identification of problems.
Embankment Maintenance
Embankments should be maintained to preserve their integrity as impoundment structures, including, but
not limited to, vegetative maintenance (mowing, control of woody vegetation), rodent control, erosion
control and repair, and outlet control structure maintenance and repair.
Hazardous Substance Storage
For sites where hazardous substances may be stored and used (e.g. certain commercial and industrial
developments), a spill response plan should be developed that clearly defines the emergency steps to
be taken in the event of an accidental release of harmful substances that may migrate to the pond. As a
result of this plan, design elements such as shut-off valves or gates may be needed.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 97

Sediment Removal
Sediment removal in the forebay and/or pond should occur every 5 to 7 years or after 50 percent of total
capacity has been lost. Sediments excavated from stormwater ponds that do not receive runoff from
designated hotspots are not considered toxic or hazardous material, and can be safely disposed by
either land application or land filling. Sediment testing may be required prior to sediment disposal when
a hotspot land use is present. Sediment removed from stormwater ponds should be disposed of
according to an approved erosion and sediment control plan.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 98

Example of a Wet Detention Pond
Figure 5- 19Example of a Wet Detention Pond
Source: Maryland Department of the Environment. 2000 Maryland Stormwater Design Manual.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 99

5.3.4 Dry Extended Detention Basins
A dry extended detention basin is a stormwater storage basin that provides temporary detention, but
does not have a permanent pool. The main reasons for use of dry detention basins are reducing peak
stormwater discharges, controlling floods and preventing downstream channel scouring. A dry basin with
extended detention does remove coarse suspended solids, but has limited effectiveness with other
pollutants. It is one of the most common and lowest cost alternatives for large runoff volumes.
Sedimentation occurs in these basins; however, later runoff events will scour the bottom and move the
sediments downstream. If water quality improvement is an objective, a dry detention basin is not a
recommended best management practice. Dry detention basin effectiveness is rated low to moderate
compared to other stormwater BMPs.
General Applicability
Dry extended detention basins are generally recommended for contributing watersheds of 10 acres or
more. While extended detention is applicable to smaller drainage areas, the designs of non-clogging
outlet control devices for the associated lower release rate can be problematic. A larger watershed and
corresponding higher release rate allows for an outlet configuration to overcome this constraint.
Impermeable soils are problematic if the pond bottom is designed to remain dry between storm events.
Extended dry detention basins can be a highly effective component of a larger “treatment train.” The
basin can serve as a pre-treatment facility to remove coarse sediment from the stormwater, which can
then be directed to a second system such as a sand filter.
Basins that are usually dry can be used for multiple purposes, such as recreation fields. Detention
basins can be landscaped to provide an aesthetically attractive appearance. Provision of a low flow
channel offers greater flexibility in selecting and maintaining vegetation to accomplish this purpose, as
well as facilitating recreational use.
Design Guidelines
Treatment Sizing Criteria & Release Rates
Water quality storage: WQ v
Water quality draw down time: 24 hours
Floodwater storage: Q f
Maximum release rate: Pre-development 5-year, 24-hour storm event
Emergency spillway capacity: Minimum 100-year, 24-hour storm event
A minimum of one foot of freeboard is required above the 25-year, 24-hour stormwater elevation on all
detention/retention facilities.
Maintenance Elements
Adequate maintenance access (e.g. easement) from public or private right-of-way to the basin should be
reserved. The access will be on a slope of 5:1 or less, stabilized to withstand the passage of heavy
equipment, and will provide direct access to both the forebay and the riser/outlet.
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An adequate area for temporary staging of spoils, prior to ultimate disposal, should be provided. This
area should be protected such that no runoff will be directed back into the stormwater management
system or onto private property. For subdivisions and site condominiums, an easement dedicated to the
(community) must be provided over the disposal area.
Pond Shape and Depth
A minimum length-to-width ratio of 3:1 should be used unless structural measures are used to extend
the flow path. Ponds should be wedge-shaped, narrower at the inlet and wider at the outlet.
Basin Inlet/Outlet Design
Velocity dissipation measures should be incorporated into basin designs to minimize erosion at inlets
and outlets, and to minimize the re-suspension of pollutants. Stone riprap pads should extend from pipe
inlets to the pond bottom to prevent erosion.
Anti-seep collars should be installed on any piping passing through the sides or bottom of the basin to
prevent leakage through the embankment.
To the extent feasible, the distance between inlet and outlet should be maximized. The length and
depth of the flow path across basins can be maximized by:
o
o
Increasing the length-to-width ratio of the entire design
Increasing the dry weather flow path within the system to attain maximum sinuosity
Dual orifices, V-notched weirs, or other designs should be used to assure an appropriate detention time
for all storm events. Where a pipe outlet or orifice plate is to be used to control discharge, it should have
a minimum diameter of six (6) inches. If this minimum orifice size permits release rates greater than
those specified in these rules, alternative outlet designs will be utilized that incorporate self-cleaning flow
restrictors, such as perforated risers and “V” notch orifice plates that provide the required release rate.
The outlet should be well-protected from clogging. A reverse-slope orifice or hooded, broad crested
weirs are recommended options. If a reverse-slope pipe is used, an adjustable valve may be necessary
to regulate flows.
Backwater on the outlet structure from the downstream drainage system should be evaluated when
designing the outlet. The outlet pipe of a dry detention pond should always be above the normal water
level of the outlet stream. All outlets should be designed to be easily accessible for heavy equipment
required for maintenance purposes.
All basins should have provisions for a defined emergency spillway, routed such that the main outflow
channel can pick it up. The emergency spillway should be set at the elevation of the 25-year, 24-hour
storm volume.
Low Flow Channel
A low flow channel, stabilized against erosion, will be provided through the basin. This channel should
have a minimum grade of 0.5 percent and the remainder of the basin should drain toward this channel at
a grade of at least 1 percent.
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Riser Design
Hoods or trash racks should be installed on the riser to prevent clogging. Grate openings should be a
maximum of 3 inches.
The riser should be placed near or within the embankment, to provide for ready maintenance access.
Inlet and outlet barrels and risers should be constructed of materials that will reduce future maintenance
requirements.
The riser pipe should be a minimum of 24 inches in diameter for riser pipes up to 4 feet in height. Riser
pipes greater than four (4) feet in height should be 48 inches in diameter. Riser pipes should be
constructed with poured-in-place concrete bottoms.
Maintenance
Maintenance Agreement
A legal entity should be designated or established with responsibility for inspecting and maintaining any
detention pond. The legal agreement should list specific maintenance responsibilities (including
timetables) and provide for the funding to cover inspection and maintenance.
Inlet & Outlet Inspections
The inlet and outlet of the pond should be checked periodically to ensure that flow structures are not
blocked by debris. Inspections should be conducted monthly during wet weather conditions from March
to November. It is important to design flow structures so that they can be easily inspected for debris
blockage, and so that corrective action can be taken even during storm conditions.
Erosion & Instability
Ponds should be inspected annually for erosion, destabilization of side slopes, embankment settling and
other signs of structural failure, and loss of storage volume due to sediment accumulation. Corrective
action should be taken in a timely manner upon identification of problems.
Embankment Maintenance
Embankments should be maintained to preserve their integrity as impoundment structures, including, but
not limited to, vegetative maintenance (mowing, control of woody vegetation), rodent control, erosion
control and repair, and outlet control structure maintenance and repair.
Hazardous Substance Storage
For sites where hazardous substances may be stored and used (e.g. certain commercial and industrial
developments), a spill response plan should be developed that clearly defines the emergency steps to
be taken in the event of an accidental release of harmful substances that may migrate to the pond. As a
result of this plan, design elements such as shut-off valves or gates may be needed.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 102

Sediment Removal
Sediment removal in the forebay and/or pond should occur every 5 to 7 years or after 50 percent of total
capacity has been lost. Sediments excavated from stormwater ponds that do not receive runoff from
designated hotspots are not considered toxic or hazardous material, and can be safely disposed by
either land application or land filling. Sediment testing may be required prior to sediment disposal when
a hotspot land use is present. Sediment removed from stormwater ponds should be disposed of
according to an approved erosion and sediment control plan.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 103

Example of a Dry Extended Detention Basin
Figure 5- 20 Example of a Dry Extended Detention Basin
Source: City of Greensboro, Stormwater Services, Stormwater Management Manual, First Edition. 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 104

5.4 Additional Stormwater Management BMPs.
Additional Best Management Practices (BMPs), other than those detailed within these rules, provide
effective water quality and quantity control and may be approved by local reviewing agencies. Also see
Appendix B.
Recommended Resources
Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996.
Schueler, T.R. and H. K. Holland, Editors, The Practice of Watershed Protection Center for
Watershed Protection, 2000.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 105

CHAPTER 6 – ILLICIT DISCHAGE DETECTION AND
ELIMINATION
______________________________________________
6.0 Chapter Summary
This chapter is intended to provide guidance on
• what an illicit discharges are and why eliminating them is necessary
• the current draft MS4 permit requirements
• mapping storm sewer systems and outfall reconnaissance inventory
• planning for detecting and eliminating illicit discharges.
6.1 Introduction to Illicit Discharge
Illicit discharge means any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely
of stormwater except discharges pursuant to a NPDES permit (other than the NPDES permit for
discharges from the municipal separate storm sewer) and discharges resulting from fire fighting
activities. 40 CFR § 122.26(b)(2). The purpose of an Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDD&E)
program is to find, fix and prevent illicit discharges.
6.1.1 Types of Illicit Discharges
Illicit discharges can be separated into three categories based on frequency of discharge.
Transitory Illicit Discharge: These are typically a one-time event. They can result from spills, dumping,
and line breaks.
Intermittent Illicit Discharge: These are typically discharges that occur occasionally. They can occur
several hours per day, week or over the course of a year. They can happen as the result of line breaks
or cross connections.
Continuous Illicit Discharge: These direct connections into the MS4 can be from sanitary sewers, cross
connections, infrastructure problems with a sanitary sewer system, or malfunctioning household sewage
treatment systems (HSTS). These types of discharges also have the greatest impact because of the
constant pollutant loading into a water body.
6.1.2 Mode of Entry
Direct Entry: means the discharge is directly connected to the storm sewer system via a pipe. This type
of entry will produce discharges that are either continuous or intermittent. Direct entry usually occurs
when there are sewage cross-connections, or where there are industrial and commercial crossconnections.
Indirect: means that flows, which are generated outside the storm drain system, enter through storm
drain inlets or by infiltrating through the joints of the pipe. Generally, indirect modes of entry produce
intermittent or transitory discharges. This type of entry can include groundwater seepage into the storm
drain pipe, spills, dumping, outdoor washing activities, and irrigation from landscaping or lawns that
reaches the storm drain system.
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6.1.3 Why Are Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Efforts Necessary
Discharges from MS4s can often include wastes and wastewater from non-storm water sources,
illicit discharges, which can enter the system through various means. The result of this is untreated
discharges that contribute to high levels of pollutants, including heavy metals, toxics, oil, grease,
solvents, nutrients, viruses, and bacteria to receiving water bodies. Pollutant levels from these illicit
discharges have been shown in EPA studies to be high enough to significantly degrade receiving
water quality and threaten aquatic, wildlife, and human health.
6.2 Permit Requirements
(Requirements from the Draft MS4 permit)
The OEPA MS4 permit requires the permittee to develop, implement and enforce a program to detect
and eliminate illicit discharges to the permittee’s MS4. The required elements of program are described
below:
Map
Complete storm sewer system
Location of all outfalls
catch basins, pipes, ditches, public and private stormwater facilities
Location including addresses of all HSTS, and other on-site sewage systems
all HSTSs connected to the MS4 including the type and size of the conduits or ditches
receiving the discharges from the HSTS, as well as the waterbodies receiving discharges from
the MS4
HSTSs
All must be identified and mapped
All w/in 200’ of a public sewer must connect in accordance with ORC § 6117.51.
Work with local board of health to develop inspection program.
the HSTSs that are not operating as designed should be replaced and obtain NPDES general
permit coverage
Evaluate installing sewers for areas with high concentration of HSTS
.
Identify Priority Areas
Sections of MS4 with older buildings and infrastructure are more likely to be sources for illicit
discharges and cross connections.
Dry Weather Screening
Every outfall must be screened over the permit period, i.e. 20% of the outfalls per year.
Process to obtain data, identify who will actually walk the waterways doing visual inspections and
collecting water samples and which agency/dept./jurisdiction will be responsible for employing
and managing the dry weather screeners
Store and analyze data in a centralized location with practical access from multiple
agencies/depts./offices/jurisdictions.
Must identify who will analyze the data from the visual inspections and who will analyze the
water samples and which agency/dept./jurisdiction will be responsible for employing or
contracting with a lab and managing the lab/analysts or contract.
Tracing Illicit Discharges to the Source - Elimination/Enforcement
May be different than the dry weather screeners.
Must have enough knowledge of the storm sewer system to trace back and identify a source.
Must have enforcement authority
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Should be the same agency as tracing
Public Education
Accountability
Must identify the agency and individual responsible for managing that agency that will be
responsible for each BMP.
Document decision process
Plan should include dry weather field screening for non-stormwater flows
Describe how the plan addresses HSTS
Identify priority areas with higher likelihood of illicit connections
Procedures for tracing the source of an illicit discharge
Procedures for eliminating the source of the illicit discharge
Procedures for program evaluation and assessment
Public education
Accountability – who is responsible for overall management and implementation and who is
responsible for each of the BMPs identified.
Annual Report
Number of outfalls dry weather screened
Number of dry weather flows identified
Number of illicit discharges identified
Number of illicit discharges eliminated
Schedules for eliminating the illicit discharges that have been identified but not eliminated.
Summary of any storm sewer system mapping updates.
6.3 Mapping, Inventory
The MS4 permit requires all permittee jurisdictions to “develop…a storm sewer system map, showing
the location of all outfalls and the names and location of all surface waters of the State that receive
discharges from those outfalls…, including catch basins, pipes, ditches and public and private storm
water facilities.” [MS4 permit - NPDES Permit No.: OHQ000002 Part III (B) (3) (b)]. The required
mapping may be accomplished in conjunction with an Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI).
6.3.1 Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) Materials
The ORI is designed to locate, and record basic characteristics of outfalls. The data is gathered
by field crews walking all of the steams in the community. The best time to conduct an ORI in
this region is the spring or fall. The ORI requires modest mapping, field equipment, staffing and
training resources.
Field Maps: Maps should include streets and hydrologic data such as USGS blue line streams,
wetlands, and lakes. USGS Quad sheets can be used as supplemental maps. The field maps should
be divided into survey reaches to provide stopping and starting points for field crews, uniform data
management and logistic organization.
Field Sheets: ORI field sheets are used to record descriptive and quantitative information about
each outfall inventoried in the field.
Equipment: Basic field equipment needed for the ORI includes waders, a measuring tape, watch,
camera, GPS unit, and surgical gloves.
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6.3.2 Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) Field Procedure
Field crews conduct an ORI by walking all steams and channels to find outfalls, record their location
spatially with a GPS unit and physically mark them. Crews also photograph each outfall and record its
dimensions, shape, component materials, and observations on basic sensory and physical indicators. In
general every outfall should be screened; however, it is not necessary to screen drop inlets from roads
in culverts (unless there is evidence of illegal dumping), cross-drainage culverts in transportation rightof-way
(i.e., can see daylight at other end), weep holes, flexible HDPE pipes that are known to serve as
slope drains, and pipes that are clearly connected to roof downspouts via above-ground connections.
6.4 Plan to Detect & Eliminate Illicit Discharges
6.4.1 Priority Areas
A quality IDD&E program begins with understanding where the community has had problems in the past.
The community should be classified into areas according to the illicit discharge potential. There should
be three illicit discharge potential classifications, low, medium and high.
Low: No know illicit discharge problems in the area
Medium: Problems are confined to a few stream reaches, outfalls or specific generating sites in the area
High: Problems are suspected to be severe throughout the area.
An area’s illicit discharge potential should be defined by compiling a number of screening factors for
each area. Many screening factors are available. Communities should choose the combination that
best fit the available information and land use.
Past Discharge and Complaints: Frequency of past discharge complaints, hotline reports and spill
responses from a defined area can be analyzed to determine if any patterns or clusters where illicit
discharges have historically occurred can be found.
Poor Dry Weather Water Quality: Dry weather water quality monitoring data can be useful in
determining priority areas if it has been collected.
Density of Generating Sites or Industrial NPDES Stormwater Permits: The density of potential
generating sites in an area can be a good screening factor. More than ten potential generating site per
square mile would indicate a high illicit discharge potential, while areas with three to ten site s per
square mile suggest a medium illicit discharge potential.
Stormwater Outfall Density: The density of outfalls in an area is an effective discharge screening factor,
and is expressed in terms of the number of outfalls per stream mile. Outfall density can be determined
by analyzing storm drain maps.
Age of Development: The average age of development can be used to predict potential illicit discharge
problems. Areas where the average age of development exceeds 100 years will have a high potential
for illicit discharges. Looking into historic plumbing and building regulation can give a community insight
into an area’s illicit discharge potential.
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Sewer Conversion: Areas that were once served by septic systems and subsequently connected often
have a high illicit discharge potential.
Historic Combined Sewer Systems: Areas that were once served by combined sewer systems but were
subsequently separated often have a high illicit discharge potential.
Presence of Older Industrial Operations: Storm drains were often used to handle non-sewage
discharges at older industrial facilities. Sanitary and storm drain lines built in different eras are poorly
mapped which increases the chances of plumbing connection errors in conjunction with expansions or
changes in operations at the facilities. Older industries may inadvertently discharge to floor drains or
other storm drain connections. Areas with older industry have a high illicit discharge potential.
Aging or Failing Sewer Infrastructure: Sewers that exceed the design life of the construction materials
(generally 50 years) have high illicit discharge potential. Older and aging sewer infrastructure
experience more leaks, cross-connections and broken pipes that can contribute to sewage in the storm
sewer system.
Density of Ageing Septic Systems: Areas outside of the storm sewer system service are presumably
served by septic systems. Septic systems more than 30 years old are prone to failure. Older septic tank
density exceeding 100 per square mile should generally be considered to have a high illicit discharge
potential.
Critical sewages areas from Chapter 5 of the TMACOG (208) area wide water quality management plan
follow infra.
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6.4.2 Dry Weather Field Screening
The field screening technique recommended for an IDDE program is the Outfall Reconnaissance
Inventory or ORI. The ORI is a stream walk designed to inventory and measure storm drain outfalls, and
find and correct continuous and intermittent discharges without in-depth laboratory analysis. There are
four recognized steps to the ORI. As communities acquire more monitoring data, they should consider
creating a chemical fingerprint library, which is a database of the chemical make-up of the many different
flow types in the community. Over time, chemical library data can help a community better understand
the potential pollutant loads delivered to receiving waters from various generating activities.
Acquire necessary mapping, equipment and staff: Street maps may be use for the initial assessment
and minimal field equipment is required.
Determine when to conduct field screening: The best time to conduct field screening is during dry
season and leaf-off conditions. It is best to conduct field screening after a dry period of at least 48 hours
while the ground water levels are low.
Identify where to conduct field screening: The MS4 requires that all outfalls be screened in the permit
period. Communities should begin in areas with a high illicit discharge potential.
Conduct field screening: An illicit discharge detection and elimination program will be more effective and
efficient in the long run if all outfalls are marked and photographed. During the ORI communities should
collect data on the characteristics of every outfall.
There are four basic sensory indicators that field crews should look for in conjunction with a flowing
outfall. Sensory indicators can be detected by smell or sight and do not require measurement
equipment.
Odor: Field crews should record any odor coming from the outfall and give the outfall a severity rating.
A severity rating of one means that the odor is faint or the crew cannot agree on its presence or origin.
A score of tow indicates a moderate odor within the pipe. A score of three is assigned if the odor is so
strong that the crew smells it a considerable distance away from the outfall. Field crews should take
care to make sure that the odor originates from the outfall. Sometimes shrubs, trash, carrion or even the
spray paint used to mark the outfall can confuse the nose.
Color: The color of a discharge can be classified as clear, slightly tinted or intense. The best way to
measure color is to collect the discharge in a clear sample bottle and hold it up to the light. Field crews
should also look for downstream plumes of color that appear to be associated with the outfall. Color can
also help identify industrial discharges.
Turbidity: Turbidity is the measure of the cloudiness of the water. Like color, turbidity is best observed
in a clear sample bottle. Field crews should also look for turbidity in the plunge pool and note any
downstream turbidity plumes that appear to be related to the outfall.
Floatables: The presence of floatable materials is determined visually. Sewage, oil sheen, and suds are
all examples of floatable indicators. Sewage should automatically be assigned a severity score of three
since no other source looks quite like it. Surface oil sheens are ranked based on their thickness and
coverage. In some cases, surface sheens may not be related to oil discharges, but instead are created
by in-stream processes. A thick or swirling sheen associated with a petroleum-like odor may be
diagnostic of an oil discharge. Suds are rated based on their foaminess and staying power. Thick foam
that travels many feet before it breaks up is given a severity rating of three. Suds that break up quickly
may simply reflect water turbulence, and do not necessarily have an illicit origin. Decaying organic
matter creates naturally occurring foams in some streams. Suds that are accompanied by a strong
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organic or sewage-like odor may indicate a sanitary sewer leak or connection. If the suds have a
fragrant odor, they may indicate the presence of laundry water or similar wash waters.
Physical indicators also yield important information during dry weather field screens. Physical indicators
include outfall damage, outfall deposits or stains, abnormal vegetation growth, poor pool quality, and
benthic growth on pipe surfaces. Many of theses physical conditions can indicate that an intermittent or
transitory discharge has occurred in the past, even if the pipe is not currently flowing.
6.4.3 Tracing Procedures
The investigation begins at the outfall. Once an illicit discharge is detected the investigation should
narrow the source of the discharge to a single segment of a storm sewer. When the segment of the
storm sewer is isolated an on-site investigation can be performed to find the specific source of the
discharge. On-site investigations are typically performed by dye testing the plumbing systems of
household and buildings. Where septic systems are prevalent, inspections of tanks and drain fields
may be needed. If necessary a crew can move progressively up the trunk from the outfall and test
manholes along the way. Moving up the trunk can begin immediately when an illicit discharge is
detected at an outfall, and only a map of the storm drain system is required.
6.5 Public Information
Targeted distribution of educational materials to specific business sectors in priority areas is the
most common method of promoting pollution prevention. Outreach material are designed to educate
owners and employees about polluting behaviors, recommended appropriate pollution prevention
practices, and notify them of any local or state regulations. Passive business outreach works best
when it is specially adopted and targeted to a specific business sector, and is routinely and directly
presented to local business groups and trade associations.
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6.5.1 Local Agency Contact Information:
Agency Phone Number Agency Responsibilities
Local Fire Dept. Varies First response to toxic or dangerous spills the pose an imminent health risk to the
community.
ODOT (419) 353‐8131 Discharges that originate from ODOT highways or facilities will be identified and
eliminated. ODOT will depend upon state (OEPA, Ohio Department of Health),
county, municipal and township authorities to assist with enforcement, and will
cooperated with local enforcement efforts. Discharges from within the ODOT
system will be handled via the appropriate office within the ODOT organizational
hierarchy. ODOT will also depend upon dry weather screening,
physical observations of suspect drainage areas and assistance
from local officials.
Toledo/ Lucas
County Health
Dept.
Wood County
Health
Department
(419) 213‐4100 Call first about pollution suspected to be from failed septic tanks. Call to
crosscheck for complaints and any findings of odors, possible substances in
waterways. Health Department maintains power to enter any property to
investigate discharges.
(419) 352‐8402 Call first about pollution suspected to be from failed septic tanks. Call to
crosscheck for complaints and any findings of odors, possible substances in
waterways. Health Department maintains power to enter any property to
investigate discharges.
OEPA
Spill Hotline
(800)‐282‐9378
or
(614)‐224‐0946
ORC 3750.06 requires the owner or the operator to report spills or
releases of oil or hazardous materials which exceeds the assigned
Reportable Quantity and leaves the facility property. Notification is to be
made to the fire department, local emergency planning agency and the
Ohio EPA within 30 minutes of discovery. Ohio EPA’s Emergency
Response (ER) Unit operates the Spill Hotline. Their On Scene
Coordinators are available to respond, investigate, and oversee
OEPA
NW District Office
OEPA
emergency cleanup activities 24 hours, 7 days a week.
(419)‐352‐8461 Ohio EPA’s goal is to minimize the impact on the environment from accidental
releases, spills, and unauthorized discharges from any fixed or mobile
sources. Incidents involving petroleum products, hazardous materials, hazardous
waste, abandoned drums, or other materials which may pose a pollution threat
to the state’s water, land, or air should be reported immediately. Non emergency
complaints may be directed to Northwest District Office.
(800) 282‐9378 For drums of unknown origin and content.
Orphan Drum ‐‐
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 114

PUCO ‐ Hazardous
Materials Incident
Reporting Line
ODNR ‐
Oil and Gas well
Emergency
Response System.
(800) 642‐3443 Public Utilities Commission of Ohio
‐ Site can help find well locations and detailed well information, as well as
contacts and phone numbers for emergency situations. Some of these refer back
to Ohio EPA.
http://odnrwell‐locator.cyberpro.com/
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 115

CHAPTER 7 - Riparian Setbacks
______________________________________________
7.0 Chapter Summary
• This chapter is intended to:
• introduce the concept of riparian setbacks and describe their purpose as a runoff control method,
flood control method and effect on water quality and the riparian environment,
• describe how, when, where and to what extent riparian setbacks should be established,
• list the uses that should be permitted and prohibited in the riparian setback,
• recommend procedures for granting variances within the riparian setback and inspecting the
same.
7.1 Introduction
Flooding and stream bank erosion are threats to public health and safety, and to public and private
property. Vegetated riparian areas lessen the damage from flooding by slowing runoff, enabling water to
soak into the ground, and by absorbing excess flow during flood events.
The NPDES permit authorizing discharges from MS4s requires that jurisdictions governed by the permit
“protect sensitive areas such as wetlands and riparian areas, maintain or increase open space, provide
buffers along sensitive water bodies, minimize impervious surfaces, and minimize disturbance of soils
and vegetation. Adoption of local regulation that minimize disturbance and land conversion from
pervious to impervious surfaces in riparian areas limit the adverse affects of runoff. This section
describes control measures for Riparian Setbacks and best management practices for establishing the
setbacks.
Preliminary plans, building or zoning approvals should be conditioned on compliance with the riparian
setback regulations where applicable. Individual jurisdictions may have established specific ordinances
or subdivision regulations which vary from the Riparian Setbacks recommended in this Stormwater
Standards Manual. It is also recommended that jurisdictions that adopt riparian setbacks include a
variance procedure.
7.2 Purpose
The value of establishing permanent vegetation on stream banks and within some distance from stream
banks is to:
• Reduce flood impacts by absorbing peak water flows, slow the velocity of floodwaters and
regulate base flow of waters.
• Stabilize the banks of streams to reduce bank erosion and the downstream transport of
sediments eroded from stream banks.
• Reduce pollutants in streams during periods of high flows by filtering, settling and
transforming pollutants already present in streams and in removing pollutants before they
reach the stream.
• Provide areas for natural meandering and lateral movement of stream channels.
• Reduce the presence of aquatic nuisance species to maintain diverse and connected
riparian vegetation.
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• Provide high quality stream habitats with shade and food to a wide array of wildlife by
maintaining diverse and connected riparian vegetation.
• Minimize encroachment on stream channels and reduce the need for costly engineering
solutions such as dams and riprap, to protect structures and reduce property damage and
threats to the safety of watershed residents, contribute to the scenic beauty and to the quality
of the environment.
• Provide access-ways for the maintenance of waterways.
7.2.1 Exclusions: Situations that are not Subject to Riparian Setbacks
Riparian setbacks are required for all lands with the following exceptions:
• Land-disturbing activities related to producing agricultural crops or Silviculture operations
regulated by the Ohio Agricultural Sediment Pollution Abatement Rules.
• Strip mining operations regulated by the Ohio Revised Code.
• Surface mining operations regulated by the Ohio Revised Code.
• Areas fitting the definitions of grassy swales, roadside ditches, drainage ditches created at
the time of the subdivision to convey stormwater to another system, tile drainage systems,
and stream culverts.
7.2.2 Conflicts, Severability, and Responsibility
• Where a local ordinance imposes a greater restriction upon land than is imposed or required
by any other provision of law, regulation, contract or deed, the provisions of the local
ordinance should control.
• Local ordinance or rules on Riparian Setbacks should not limit or restrict the application of
other provisions of law, regulation, contract, or deed, or the legal remedies available there
under, except as provided in the previous bullet point of this section.
• If any clause, section, or provision of a local ordinance is declared invalid or unconstitutional
by a court of competent jurisdiction, validity of the remainder should not be affected thereby.
7.3 Establishment of a Riparian Setback
Streams addressed by these control measures are those which meet the definition of “stream” in the
glossary of this manual and appear or are indicated on at least one of the following maps:
• USGS topographical map.
• County Riparian Setback map.
• Soils maps located in the County Soil Survey , USDA, NRCS, and other county soil surveys.
Widths of setbacks are measured as horizontal map distance on each side of a stream (see discussion
below), and are established as follows:
• A minimum of 300 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 300 square
miles.
• A minimum of 100 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 20 square
miles and up to 300 square miles.
• A minimum of 40 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than three square
miles (>1920 acres) and up to 20 square miles.
• A minimum of 30 feet on each side of all streams draining an area less than three square
miles (

Floodplains perform crucial roles, preventing flooding by storing runoff water; and benefiting water
quality by providing riparian habitat. It is the intent of these standards to establish riparian setbacks that
will protect floodplains. Therefore, riparian setbacks should be measured from:
• Outward from the ordinary high water mark on each side of a stream, except
• Where the 100-year floodplain is wider than the Riparian Setback on either or both sides of
the stream, the Riparian Setback should be extended to the outer edge of the 100-year
floodplain, or
• Where the 100-year floodway is wider than the Riparian Setback on either or both sides of
the stream, the Riparian Setback should be extended to the outer edge of the 100-year
floodway.
Establishing riparian setbacks measuring from the edges of the floodplain is recommended in most
cases. However, some Lucas County streams have very low gradients with floodplains that are too
broad for this standard to be practicable. Tenmile Creek in Sylvania Township and many parts of
Jerusalem Township are examples. In these cases, the local jurisdiction may establish a standard to
measure riparian setbacks from the edge of the floodway, rather than the floodplain.
7.3.1 Adjustments for Slopes in Setback Areas
Because the gradient of the riparian corridor significantly influences impacts on the stream, the following
adjustment for steep slopes should be added to the setback distances.
Average Percent Slope Width of Setback
15% - 20% Add 25 feet
21% - 25% Add 50 feet
> 25% Add 100 feet
Figure 7- 1 Adjustments for Slopes in Setback Areas
Average stream bank slope is to be calculated using methodology outlined in the “Ohio Supplement to
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release Number 55 (TR-55)” by USDA, NRCS.
7.3.2 Wetlands within Riparian Setback Area
Where wetlands protected under federal or state law are identified within the Riparian Setback, the
Riparian Setback should consist of the full extent of the wetlands plus the following additional setback
widths:
• A 120-foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 3 wetlands
• A 75-foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 2 wetlands
• No additional setback will be required adjacent to Category 1 wetlands.
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Wetlands should be delineated by a qualified professional under guidelines established by the US Army
Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the site delineation approved by the
appropriate agencies. All wetland delineations should also include the latest version of the Ohio Rapid
Assessment Method for wetland evaluation approved at the time of application of the regulations.
7.3.3 Identifying Setbacks on Required Documents
The applicant should be responsible for delineating the Riparian Setback, including any expansions or
modifications as required by slope or wetlands, and identifying this setback on all preliminary plans, land
development plans, and/or building permit applications. This delineation should be done at the time of
submission of the preliminary plans, and/or all plans, for building permit or other permit applications. This
delineation is subject to the review and approval of the local reviewing agency.
Prior to any soil-disturbing activity, the Riparian Setback should be clearly delineated with construction
fencing or other suitable material by the landowner/applicant on site, and such delineation should be
maintained throughout soil-disturbing activities. The delineated area should be maintained in an
undisturbed state unless otherwise permitted by these regulations. All fencing should be removed when
a development project is completed.
Upon completion of an approved subdivision, the Riparian Setback should be permanently recorded on
the final plat records for the appropriate county.
7.4 Uses Permitted in the Riparian Setback
The following uses are permitted within the Riparian Setbacks without prior approval.
• Recreational Activity. Passive recreational uses, as permitted by federal, state, and local
laws, such as hiking, non-motorized bicycling, fishing, hunting, picnicking and similar uses
and associated structures including boardwalks, pathways, boat docks and ramps
constructed of pervious material, picnic tables, and wildlife viewing areas.
• Removal of Damaged or Diseased Trees. Damaged or diseased trees may be removed.
Because of the potential for felled logs and branches to damage downstream properties
and/or block ditches or otherwise exacerbate flooding, logs and branches resulting from the
removal of damaged or diseased trees that are greater than 6 inches in diameter, should be
anchored to the shore or removed from the 100-year floodplain.
• Revegetation and/or Reforestation. Species of native plants recommended for stabilizing
flood prone areas along streams within the County of Lucas are listed in the Best
Management Practices appendix
• Right of Access by Municipal/County Engineer. The Municipal or County Engineer maintains
the right of access to all streams and ditches within the jurisdiction for the purposes of
maintenance and improvements to alleviate flooding.
The following uses are permitted by right within the Riparian Setbacks with prior approval of the design.
(See the Best Management Practices appendix)
• Stream bank Stabilization/Erosion Control Measures. Best Management
Practices (BMPs) for stream bank stabilization or erosion control may be allowed if such
practices are within permitted uses by the local, state, and federal government regulations and
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are ecologically compatible and emphasize the use of natural materials and native plant species
where practical and available. Such stream bank stabilization/ erosion control practices should
only be undertaken upon approval of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP or SWP3)
by the local reviewing agency and should follow the recommendations of the most recent version
of the Rainwater and Land Development Manual.
• Stream crossings
o Crossings of streams through the Riparian Setback by vehicles, storm sewers, sewer
and/or water lines, and public utility lines will be per the approval of local, county, and
state governing agencies and as a part of the regular subdivision process.
o Roadway crossings must be built in accordance with local regulations.
• Placement of stormwater retention or detention facilities may be considered within the
Riparian Setback if stormwater quality treatment is consistent with state standards (most
current version of the Ohio EPA general construction permit).
7.5 Uses Prohibited in the Riparian Setback
• Structures. There should be no structures of any kind except as permitted under these
regulations.
• Dredging or Dumping. There should be no drilling for petroleum or mineral products, mining
activity, filling or dredging of soil, spoils, or any material— natural or man-made—except as
permitted under these regulations.
• Drainage Alterations. Except as necessary to maintain the bed elevation or flow line of the
channel in the event of aggradation, there should be no manipulation or alteration of
wetlands, creeks, streams, surface or subsurface springs or other bodies of water, or any
activities on, or uses of, the property that may be detrimental to the aquatic or terrestrial
ecosystems of the property. The owner may conduct periodic inspections in collaboration
with local drainage authorities to measure the bed elevation or flow line of the water course.
Steps to restore original hydraulic capacity and original grade may be taken in situations
where local drainage authorizes have determined that lowered bed elevation or flow line and
aggradation impede subsurface drainage outlets or threaten to cause flood damage to
buildings or roads.
• Roads or Driveways. There should be no roads or driveways, except as permitted under
these regulations.
• Motorized Vehicles. There should be no use of motorized vehicles of any kind, except as
permitted under these regulations.
• Modification of Natural Vegetation. Modification of the natural vegetation should be limited
to conservation maintenance that the landowner deems necessary to control noxious weeds;
for plantings consistent with the policies of the local reviewing agency; for disturbances
approved by these agencies; and for the passive enjoyment, access and maintenance of
landscaping or lawns.
• Impervious Surfaces. There should be no parking lots or other human-made impervious
cover, except as permitted under these regulations.
7.5.1 Non-conforming Structures or Uses in the Riparian Setback
• Structures and uses within the Riparian Setback, existing at the time of approval of the
Riparian Setback plan, that are not permitted by the local reviewing agency may be
continued but should not be expanded except as set forth in this title, or approved by the
local reviewing agency.
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• If damaged or destroyed, these structures or uses may be repaired or restored within two
years from the date of damage /destruction or the adoption of the Riparian Setback plan,
whichever is later, at the property owner’s own risk.
• A residential structure or use within the Riparian Setback existing at the time of approval
of the Riparian Setback plan may be expanded subject to the following provisions:
• The expansion conforms to existing zoning regulations.
• The expansion must not exceed an area of 15% of the total footprint of existing structure
or use that lies within the Riparian Setback. Expansions exceeding 15% of the total
footprint within the Riparian Setback must be obtained through the variance process.
• Non-residential structure or use expansions will be permitted only through the variance
process of the local reviewing agency.
7.6 Boundary Interpretation and Appeals Procedure
• When an applicant disputes the boundary of the Riparian Setback or the ordinary high water
mark of a stream, the landowner or applicant should submit evidence to the Lucas Soil and
Water Conservation District (SWCD) that describes the boundary, presents the landowner or
applicant’s proposed boundary and presents all justification for the proposed boundary
change.
• Lucas SWCD should evaluate all materials submitted and should make a written
recommendation to the Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the Toledo-Lucas County Plan
Commissions within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 45 days. A copy of this
recommendation should be submitted to the applicant. If during this evaluation the Lucas
SWCD requires further information to complete this evaluation, he or she may be required to
provide this information.
• The Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the Toledo-Lucas County Plan Commissions
should decide such boundary disputes. The party contesting the location of the Riparian
Setback or the ordinary high water mark of the streams as determined by these regulations
should have the burden of proof in case of any such appeal.
7.7 Variances Within Riparian Setback
• In Townships which have adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, applications for
variances should be submitted to the Township Board of Zoning Appeals, or an equivalent
body. In Townships which have not adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, and
do not have their own riparian setback regulations, applications for variances should be
submitted to the County Plan Commission.
• The Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the County Plan Commission, should consult with
representatives from the County SWCD; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Natural Areas; the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water; the
County Engineer; the County Health Department; or other technical experts as necessary to
consider variance requests.
• No variances should be granted for expansion of the following structures or uses:
• Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell petroleum-based products or any hazardous
materials. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: asphalt plants, dry cleaners,
gasoline service stations, and road maintenance facilities.
• Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell products which may contribute higher than
acceptable concentrations of dissolved or particulate matter to stormwater runoff around
the facility. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: landfills or transfer stations, junk
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yards, recycling facilities, quarries and borrow pits, sand and gravel extraction
operations, and road salt storage barns.
• In reviewing whether to grant variances, the Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the
County Plan Commission should consider the purpose and intent of the setback alteration,
exceptional circumstances, undue hardship, and the extent of the alteration.
7.8 Inspection of Riparian Setback
• The applicant should notify Lucas SWCD and Building Inspector at least seven days prior to
land disturbing activities. Lucas SWCD and Building Inspector may enter the affected parcels
from time to time to conduct on-site inspections to ensure compliance with this regulation
• The Riparian Setback should also be inspected annually or as time permits by the Lucas
SWCD or approved monitoring entity for compliance with any approvals under these
regulations or at any time evidence is brought to the attention of the Lucas SWCD that uses
or structures are occurring that may reasonably be expected to violate the provisions of
these regulations.
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CHAPTER 8 - REGULATORY FLOODPLAIN AND
FLOODWAYS
______________________________________________
8.0 Chapter Summary
• to explain the benefits of floodplains and floodways for the environment and for society
and how protecting floodplains benefits both
• to describe the areas both regulated by and exempt from regulation by Floodplain
Management Regulations
• details prohibited uses, permitted open space uses and specially permitted uses in the
floodplain and additional performance criteria for development in the floodway
• details specific construction standards including “no-net-loss” site alteration, utilities
placement, and for subdivision and major site plan proposals
8.1 Introduction
Floodplains and their associated riparian, wetland, and coastal areas are significant assets, providing
multiple benefits related to flood attenuation, environmental quality, natural resource management, and
recreation. The standards in this section are designed to control human floodplain alterations in order to
eliminate or substantially restrict the negative impacts of any human disturbance on floodplains and
human life, limb and property. Decisions to alter floodplains, especially floodways and streams with
floodplains, must be based on careful planning to evaluate existing conditions, future impacts, and
human needs.
The guidance in this chapter is based on City of Toledo Floodplain Regulations and Subdivision Rules
and Regulations but is applicable to most jurisdictions which have their own Regulations. It is the
purpose of this section to promote the public health, safety and general welfare, and to minimize public
and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to:
• protect human life and health;
• minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects;
• minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken
at the expense of the general public;
• minimize prolonged business interruptions;
• minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone
and sewer lines, streets and bridges located in areas of special flood hazard;
• help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the proper use and development of areas of
special flood hazard so as to minimize future flood blight areas; and
• ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their
actions.
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8.2 Lands Subject to These Control Measures
Recommended Best Management Practices in this section apply only to lands within the relevant
community’s FEMA-designated Regulatory Floodplains. Any lands that lie beyond the Regulatory
Floodplain, or can be shown to be higher than the Base Flood Elevation, are exempt from these
regulations. To show that land is exempt, the permit applicant must follow the local community’s
procedure for exemption determination which often requires provision of a topographic survey certified
by a registered professional engineer or land surveyor showing the site and proposed development
areas and structures.
8.2.1 Regulatory Floodplain
• The Regulatory Floodplain should be delineated on any submitted site plan for a proposed
development by projecting the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) onto the site’s topography. The BFE
should be as delineated by the 100-year flood profiles, as indicated on the accepted floodplain
studies noted below:
o
o
o
Regulatory Floodplain profiles, approved by the local Floodplain Administrator for regulatory use,
or
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study profiles, or
In the case of FEMA delineated “AH Zones” the elevation noted on the map should be the BFE.
In the case of FEMA delineated “AO Zones” (Areas of shallow flooding) the BFE should be the
depth number shown on the map added to the highest adjacent grade, or at least two feet above
the highest adjacent grade if no depth number is provided, or
• When no base flood elevation information exists, a registered Professional Engineer using an
appropriate model or technique should determine the BFE. In the case of riverine Regulatory
Floodplains, the flood elevation should be submitted to the local reviewing agency for approval prior
to issuance of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3).
• For a non-riverine Regulatory Floodplain, the historic flood of record plus three feet may be used for
the BFE instead of performing a detailed hydrologic and hydraulic study.
8.2.2 Regulatory Floodway
The location of the Regulatory Floodway should be delineated on any submitted site plans. Where
interpretation is necessary to determine the exact location of the Regulatory Floodway boundary, the
local Floodplain Administrator should be contacted.
8.3 Prohibited Uses
Any use of an area within the Special Flood Hazard Area, which when combined with all other existing
and anticipated uses, causes an increase in the water surface elevations of the BFE beyond that which
is allowed in this section, should be prohibited.
• No structure or land should be located, erected, constructed, repaired, extended, converted,
enlarged, or altered without full compliance with the terms of this section and all other applicable
regulations which apply to uses within the Regulatory Floodplain, unless specifically exempted.
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• Modification and disturbance of natural riverine Regulatory Floodplains should be avoided to
protect existing hydrologic and environmental functions. Such disturbances should be minimized
and all negative impacts mitigated.
• No development should be allowed in the Regulatory Floodplain that should singularly or
cumulatively create damaging or potentially damaging increase in flood heights or velocity or
threat to public health, safety, and welfare or impair the natural hydrologic functions of the
Regulatory Floodplain or channel.
• For all projects involving channel modification, fill, stream maintenance, or levees, the floodcarrying
capacity of the Regulatory Floodplain should be maintained.
• The placement of retention/detention basins within a floodplain is discouraged. Where
retention/detention basins are proposed within a floodplain, information will be provided to verify
that the facility will operate as designed during flood events.
8.4 Open Space Uses
No permission is required for the following open space uses. The open space uses should be permitted
within areas of special flood hazard provided that such uses do not require the “development” of the
land, as defined in Chapter 2. In addition, no permitted use should adversely affect the efficiency or
restrict the capacity of the channels or cause any increase in elevation of the base flood within the
floodway of the main stream or floodways of any tributary to the main stream, drainage ditch or any
other drainage facility or system.
• Agricultural uses such as, but not limited to, the following: general farming, pasture, grazing,
outdoor plant nurseries, horticulture, viticulture, truck farming, forestry, sod farming, and wild
crop harvesting.
• Cemeteries and private or public recreational uses such as driving ranges, archery ranges,
picnic grounds, boat ramps, swimming areas, parks, wildlife and nature preserves, game farms,
fish hatcheries, shooting preserves, target ranges, trap and skeet ranges, hunting and fishing
areas, hiking and horseback riding trails, bike trails and unpaved airplane landing strips.
• Residential uses such as lawns, gardens, and play areas.
8.5 Permitted Uses If Specifically Allowed
Some additional use of land in the special flood hazard area may be permitted upon issuance of a
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) by the local reviewing agency. These permitted uses still
exclude designated floodway areas.
• Uses or structures exempted from SWP3 plans that are accessory to open space.
• Tennis courts, golf courses.
• Marinas, boat rentals, docks, piers, wharves. Piers and wharves constructed by earth fill or other
similar construction should be permitted provided the resulting displaced floodplain volume is
provided elsewhere on the property.
8.6 Additional Performance Standards for the Regulatory Floodway
The regulatory floodway is defined as the stream channel plus that portion of the overbanks that must be
kept free from encroachment in order to discharge the 100-year flood without increasing flood levels by
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 125

more than 1.0 foot. (Some jurisdictions may have slightly different regulations. In Toledo, one-half foot is
the measurement.)
The intention of the floodway is not to preclude development. However, Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) regulations make each community responsible for prohibiting
encroachments, including fill, new construction, and substantial improvements, within the floodway
unless it has been demonstrated through hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that the proposed
encroachment will not increase flood levels within that community.
In areas that fall within the one percent annual chance floodplain, but are outside the floodway (termed
the "floodway fringe"), development will, by definition, cause no more than a one-foot increase in the one
percent annual chance water-surface elevation. (In Toledo, one-half foot.) Floodplain management
through the use of the floodway concept is effective because it allows communities to develop in floodprone
areas if they so choose, but limits the future increases of flood hazards to no more than one foot
(or one-half foot in Toledo.)
The only development in a Regulatory Floodway which will be allowed are appropriate uses which will
not cause an increase in flood heights for all flood events up to and including the base flood. Only the
construction, modification, repair, or replacement of the following appropriate uses will be allowed in the
Regulatory Floodway:
A. Public flood control structures and private improvements relating to the control of drainage and
flooding of existing buildings, erosion, water quality, or habitat for fish and wildlife;
B. Structures or facilities relating to functionally water dependent uses such as facilities and
improvements relating to recreational boating and as modifications or additions to existing wastewater
treatment facilities;
C. Storm sewer outfalls;
D. Underground and overhead utilities if sufficiently flood-proofed;
E. Recreational facilities such as playing fields and trail systems including any related fencing (at least
50% open when viewed from any one direction) built parallel to the direction of flood flows, and including
open air pavilions;
F. Detached garages, storage sheds, or other non-habitable structure(s) without toilet facilities,
accessory to existing buildings that will not block flood flows nor reduce Regulatory Floodway storage;
G. Bridges, culverts and associated roadways, sidewalks and railways, necessary for crossing over the
Regulatory Floodway or for providing access to other appropriate uses in the Regulatory Floodway and
any modification thereto;
H. Parking lots (where the existing depth of flooding for the base flood event is less than one foot) and
aircraft parking aprons both built at or below ground elevation and any modifications thereto;
I. Flood-proofing activities to protect previously existing lawful structures including the construction of
water-tight window wells, elevating structures, or the construction of flood walls around residential,
commercial, or industrial principal structures where the outside toe of the floodwall should be no more
than ten feet away from the exterior wall of the existing structure, and which are not considered to be
substantial improvements to the structure;
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J. The replacement, reconstruction, or repair of a damaged building, provided that the outside
dimensions of the building are not increased and, provided that the building is not damaged to 50% or
more of the building’s market value before it was damaged;
K. Modifications to an existing building, which are not substantial improvements, that would not increase
the enclosed floor area of the building below the base flood elevation (BFE), and which will not block
flood flows including but not limited to, fireplaces, bay windows, decks, patios, and second story
additions. No enclosed floor areas may be built on stilts.
All appropriate uses should require a SWP3 from the local reviewing agency.
8.7 Construction Standards
Except as specified in section 8.5 (Permitted Uses) and 8.6 (Additional Performance Standards for the
Regulatory Floodway), all structures and substantial improvements to structures should be constructed
with the lowest floor including the basement, elevated one foot or more above the BFE.
If structures or additions to structures are to be constructed on fill, the fill should be excavated from the
same property from an area lying below the BFE. If suitable foundation material is not available on the
same property below the BFE, then such material may be brought in from another source provided an
equal volume of the material from below BFE is removed from the area controlled by the applicant.
All filling, excavating and/or removal work associated with the elevation of any structure or addition to a
structure should be carried out under plans approved by local reviewing agency or its designee.
Structures should be constructed and placed on the building site so as to offer the minimum obstruction
to the flow of floodwaters.
8.7.1 Utilities
Public utility facilities, roads, railroad tracks and bridges are to be designed so as to not increase the
flood level more than one-half foot in any one reach or for the cumulative effect of several reaches, with
every reasonable effort being exerted to hold the increase in the flood level to the absolute minimum
necessary. Protection to the BFE is to be provided where failure or interruption of these public facilities
would result in damage to the public health or safety or where such facilities are essential to the orderly
functioning of the area.
Within flood-prone areas, new and replacement potable water supply systems should be designed to
minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems.
New and replacement sanitary sewage systems should be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration
of floodwaters into the systems and discharges from the systems into the flood waters, and on-site
waste disposal systems should be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them
during flooding.
8.7.2 Development Proposals
All subdivision and major site plan proposals, including manufactured home subdivisions and other
proposed new developments, should include BFE data performed in accordance with standard
engineering practices. No plat will be approved when more than ten percent of the planned lots are
below the BFE at the building site. All subdivision proposals, including manufactured home
subdivisions, should:
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• Be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage.
• Have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems located and
constructed to minimize flood damage.
• Have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood damage.
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CHAPTER 9 - NATURAL WETLANDS PROTECTION
______________________________________________
9.0 Chapter Summary
• to explain the benefits of wetlands for the environment and for society and how protecting them
benefits both
9.1 Introduction
Wetlands improve the environment by retaining stormwater, filtering out toxins and sediment, recharging
surface and ground water aquifers, increasing biological diversity and enhancing to wildlife habitat.
Protection of naturally occurring wetlands is very difficult when the value of land for development is
considered by most to be greater than the environmental benefits they provide. Currently, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USACOE) regulates certain activities in wetlands that are adjacent to surface
tributaries or navigable waters. Other federal and state agencies including the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency have the authority to protect isolated wetlands. Unfortunately, many of these
wetlands are being destroyed due to enforcement difficulties in spite of the existing regulation.
Recommendations in this chapter are based on those found in the Ohio Department of Natural
Resources’ (ODNR) Rainwater and Land Development Manual and are designed to help ensure
compliance with federal and state laws.
9.2 Wetlands Identification and Delineation
Wetlands can be identified and their boundaries delineated by qualified professionals using various
methodologies and practices. Wetland delineations should be performed for all sites that exhibit any of
the wetland characteristics referenced in this section, or that are highlighted on either one or both of the
Ohio Wetland Inventory or the National Wetland Inventory prior to plan approval and any soil
disturbance. The delineation should be performed in accordance with methodology outlined in the Corps
of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987). Personnel performing wetland delineations must be
certified and, as such, will have a background in biology, soils, and hydrology.
The local Soil and Water Conservation District can assist in identifying potential wetlands but detailed
delineation will generally require the services of a consultant.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service maintains a National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and local agencies
have prepared more detailed inventories for a few jurisdictions. However, these maps are woefully
inaccurate in northwest Ohio and southeast Michigan.
A digital wetland map was produced for Lucas County through a joint project of TMACOG and the
University of Toledo in 2003. This map is available on the Internet at www.wetlands.utoledo.edu and
uses the Lucas County Auditor’s Geographical Information System as a base. A user can zoom in to a
parcel of interest and determine if a wetland is indicated on that parcel. Although the map has a high
accuracy rating, the indication of a wetland does not guarantee that one exists in the field. Conversely,
the absence of wetlands does not guarantee the absence of wetlands in the field. The map does not
indicate wetlands on properties zoned Agricultural. The map is a valuable tool, though, to screen
properties for the existence of wetlands.
There are three general categories of wetlands.
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• Category 1 - wetlands are considered low quality, support minimal wildlife habitat, and
minimal hydrological and recreational functions.
• Category 2 - wetlands are of moderate quality, supporting moderate wildlife habitat, or
hydrological or recreational functions.
• Category 3 - wetlands are of high quality, support superior habitat, or hydrological and
recreational functions. The different categories require differing levels of review and
mitigation.
Category 1 wetlands require 1) avoidance and minimization, 2) stormwater quality controls, and 3)
compensatory mitigation. Category 2 wetlands have the added requirement of 4) social and economic
impact justification. Category 3 wetlands add the additional requirement of 5) public needs
demonstration.
Wetlands are a combination of three components that must all be present to meet the test of being a
wetland; hydric soils, hydric plants, and wetland hydrology.
Ohio administrative code describes wetlands as “areas where the water table is at, near, or above the
land surface long enough each year to support the growth of water-dependent vegetation and to result in
the formation of characteristic wet soil types. These include marshes, swamps, bogs and similar areas.”
Michigan's wetland statute, Part 303, Wetlands Protection, of the Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection Act, 1994 PA 451, as amended, defines a wetland as “land characterized by the presence of
water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does
support, wetland vegetation or aquatic life, and is commonly referred to as a “bog,” “swamp,” or “marsh.”
The definition applies to public and private lands regardless of zoning or ownership.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), US Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS),
describes hydric soils in their soil survey reports. Lists of hydric soils are available upon request from the
County Soil and Water Conservation Districts or NRCS offices. County soil surveys indicate where the
soils occur. In general, hydric soils have a dark surface color with higher organic matter contents than
surrounding upland soils. Contact the NRCS office for additional information.
Plants that grow in predominantly wet soil conditions are considered hydric vegetation. Lists of all
commonly occurring hydric plants are available for Ohio and Michigan in the publication, “National List of
Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands”, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Wetland hydrology is the driving force behind wetland formation. Of the three technical criteria for
wetland determination, wetland hydrology is often the least exact and most difficult to identify in the field.
Because of the difficulty of establishing wetland hydrology, the emphasis on delineating wetlands is
often placed on hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils in the absence of significant hydrologic
modifications. Even so, wetland hydrology should always be considered.
Wetland hydrology means permanent or periodic inundation, or soil saturation for a significant period of
the growing season. Thus, all wetlands are at least periodically wet. The degree of wetness of an area is
influenced by precipitation, stratification of the soil, topography, permeability, and plant cover. The
frequency and duration of soil saturation can distinguish wetlands from non-wetlands with duration
having the stronger influence. The duration can be affected by the condition of outlet channel: log jams,
siltation reducing low water flows, and smoothness of the channel banks.
Hydrology varies annually, seasonally, and daily; consideration should be given to the time of year that
the hydrologic determination is being made, especially when considering the presence/absence of field
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 130

indicators. Seasonal and long-term variations in water permanence and related vegetative character can
result in significant changes.
9.3 Wetlands Authority and Contacts
The following agencies have some jurisdiction over wetlands protection:
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) – Federal 404 permits, Brian Swartz, 419-898-3491
• Ohio EPA – State 401 permits, prerequisite to 404 permit. Dan Osterfeld, 614-644-2152
• Federal jurisdiction wetlands ORC 6111, OAC 3745-1, 50 to 54
• State only jurisdiction: isolated wetlands, ORC 6111.02 to 6111.029
• Michigan DEQ – 301/304 wetlands permits
• Soil and Water Conservation Districts – advisory only: Lucas: 419-893-1966; Wood: 419-354-
5517
• Local Jurisdiction – local jurisdictions may establish additional regulations regarding wetlands
Permits will be required for the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States,
except as provided in 33 CFR Section 323.4. Requirements that irreversible impacts to jurisdictional
wetlands be mitigated are imposed through various legislation and regulations:
a. USACOE regulatory program regulations (33CFR 320-331) administered under the authority
of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
b. Council of Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations and guidelines implemented through the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA),
c. U.S. Executive Order 11990, “Protection of Wetlands”,
d. State Water Quality Certification through Section 401(a) of the CWA,
e. Ohio Administrative Code Chapter 3745 and Ohio Revised Code Chapter 6111, and
f. Michigan's wetland statute, Part 303, Wetlands Protection, of the Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection Act, 1994 PA 451
A federal Section 404 permit cannot be issued by the COE unless the State of Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency (OEPA) or Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) issues a Section
401 Water Quality Certification. If OEPA or MDEQ issues a Section 401 Certification for the project, the
conditions become requirements of the federal permit. If OEPA or MDEQ denies the Section 401
Certification, the COE must deny the Section 404 permit without prejudice.
Construction of wetlands for the sole purpose of stormwater treatment is exempt from these
requirements (Chapter 5: Post-Construction Site Runoff, Section 5.4.2). However, stormwater wetlands
will generally not be accepted under mitigation requirements.
Nationwide Permits (NWPs) are a type of general permit issued by the USACOE Chief of Engineers and
are designed to regulate with little, if any, delay or paperwork certain activities having minimal impacts
(33 CFR Part 330). USACOE District or Division Engineers may authorize other activities on a regional
basis through regional general permits. The general permits are proposed, issued, modified, and
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eissued (extended), and revoked from time to time after an opportunity for public notice and comment.
An activity is authorized under a NWP or regional permit only if that activity and the permitee satisfy all
of the terms and conditions of the permit. An individual permit may still authorize activities that are not
authorized under a nationwide or regional permit.
9.4 General Requirements
Natural wetlands should be protected from damaging modification and adverse changes in runoff quality
and quantity associated with land developments. Before approval of the Stormwater Management
permit, all necessary wetland permits should be in place.
Direct discharge of untreated stormwater to a natural wetland is prohibited. All runoff from the
development should be pre-treated to remove sediment and other pollutants prior to discharge to a
wetland. Such treatment facilities should be constructed before property grading begins.
Site drainage patterns should not be altered in any way that will modify existing water levels in protected
wetland without proof that all applicable permits have been obtained.
Whenever possible, a permanent buffer strip, preferably vegetated with native plant species, should be
maintained or restored around the periphery of wetlands in accordance with Chapter 7: Riparian
Setbacks. Wetlands should be protected during construction by appropriate soil erosion and sediment
control measures.
Applicants should provide proof of compliance with applicable wetlands regulations:
Proof of compliance of Section 401 of the Clean Water Act is a copy of the Ohio EPA Water Quality
Certification application tracking number, public notice, project approval, or a letter from a qualified
professional certifying that they have surveyed the site and determined that Section 401 of the Clean
Water Act is not applicable.
Proof of compliance with Ohio EPA Isolated Wetland Permit is a copy of Ohio EPA’s Isolated Wetland
Permit application tracking number, public notice, project approval, or a letter from a qualified
professional certifying that they have surveyed the site and determined that Ohio EPA’s Isolated
Wetlands Permit is not applicable.
Proof of compliance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act is a copy of the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Individual Permit application, public notice, or project approval, if an Individual Permit is
required for the development project. If an Individual Permit is not required, the site owner should submit
proof of compliance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit Program. This should
include one of the following:
A. A letter from a qualified professional certifying that they have surveyed the site and
determined that Section 404 of the Clean Water Act is not applicable.
B. A site plan showing that any proposed fill of waters of the United States conforms to the
general and special conditions specified in the applicable Nationwide Permit.
Wetlands, and other waters of the United States, should be delineated by protocols accepted by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers at the time of application of this regulation. All certifications and delineations
should include written concurrence from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and/or Ohio EPA, as
appropriate, in accordance with protocols currently accepted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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9.4.1 Antidegradation Rules
No filling of wetlands should be permitted unless the applicant has obtained the necessary 401 and 404
permits. All applicants for Section 401 Certification are required to present a Preferred Design
Alternative, Non-Degradation Alternative, Minimal Degradation Alternative and Mitigation Techniques.
Applicants must demonstrate there is no other less environmentally damaging practicable alternative to
filling in wetlands before mitigation is considered. Social and economic justification may be presented to
demonstrate how one alternative is viable over another alternative.
9.4.2 Compensatory Mitigation
Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse impacts that
remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been satisfied. Compensatory actions (e.g.,
restoration of existing degraded wetlands or creation of man-made wetlands) should be undertaken
when practicable, in areas adjacent or continuous to the discharge site (on-site compensatory
mitigation). If on-site compensatory mitigation is not practicable, off-site compensatory mitigation should
be undertaken in the same geographic area if practicable (i.e., in close proximity and, to the extent
possible, the same watershed). In determining compensatory mitigation, the functional values lost by the
resource to be impacted must be considered. Mitigation ratios are based on location and type of wetland
impacted.
9.5 Oak Openings Region
The Oak Openings Region is delineated on Figure 9-1 (also see Lucas County AREIS). The Oak
Openings Region is recognized as a significant, high quality, environmental resource. Due to its
importance, special protections are afforded through this regulation.
Dredging, filling, clearing, or otherwise altering Category 3 wetlands (See Ohio Administrative Code
3745-1-54, and Section 9.2 of this manual for wetland category definitions) within the Oak Openings
Region is prohibited. Dredging, filling, clearing, or otherwise altering Category 1 or 2 wetlands within the
Oak Openings Region is strongly discouraged, and is prohibited without first providing the permits or
certifications required in this Chapter. All certifications and delineations should include written
concurrence from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and/or Ohio EPA, as appropriate. Any mitigated
wetlands provided in accordance with said permits should be located within the Oak Openings Region.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 133

Oak Openings Region Boundary
Figure 9- 1 Oak Openings Region Boundary
9.6 Plan Review Process
The local jurisdiction site plan review process is an opportunity for projects to be screened for the
potential for the presence of wetlands and the applicant to be made aware of his/her responsibility
regarding wetlands. If a developer or engineer suspects wetlands exist on the subject property, he/she
should contact the Corps of Engineers and the Ohio EPA for a pre-permit evaluation.
Local site plan review officials should screen projects for the existence of wetlands using wetland maps,
site topographical data or site visit information. If wetlands are suspected, the applicant should be
notified to contact the Corps of Engineers and Ohio EPA to receive a pre-permit evaluation and apply for
wetlands permits if necessary.
Soil and Water Conservation Districts should be given the opportunity to review development plans and
comment on the potential for wetlands and the need for permits. A citizen complaint or comment on a
project could also trigger Corps of Engineers and Ohio EPA wetlands reviews.
Single unit residential development on unplatted land typically does not undergo a detailed site review.
These projects still have the potential to impact wetlands. Building inspection departments may have the
authority to review for stormwater and wetland issues or the Health Department could comment on the
potential for wetlands
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CHAPTER 10 - Inspection and Enforcement
______________________________________________
10.1 Prohibition of Non-Stormwater Discharges
All discharges covered by these standards should be composed entirely of stormwater. Discharges of
material other than stormwater must be in compliance with an individual NPDES permit or alternative
general permit issued for the discharge.
The discharge of hazardous substances in the stormwater discharge(s) from a facility should be
minimized in accordance with the applicable Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) for the
facility, and in no case, during any 24-hour period, should the discharge(s) contain a hazardous
substance equal to or in excess of reportable quantities.
10.2 Guarantees for Completion of Work
All persons proposing earth-disturbing activities requiring a permit should provide a performance bond in
the form of a letter of credit, cash on deposit, traditional bond, or other pledging of securities, as deemed
adequate by the local reviewing agency. Whichever form of guarantee is required, the bond will be
retained by local reviewing agency until measures identified in these standards and/or the permitee’s
SWP3 have been completed to the satisfaction of local reviewing agency.
10.3 Facility Design
All stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) should be designed in a manner to minimize the
need for maintenance, and reduce the chances of failure. Design guidelines are outlined in these
standards and in the Best Management Practices appendix to this manual. Final design of facilities
requiring a permit should be approved by local reviewing agency.
10.4 Access and Easements
Requirements vary by jurisdiction. Typically, the property owner should provide stormwater easements
and covenants for access to the facility for inspections and maintenance. Easements and covenants
should be recorded with the local jurisdiction prior to the issuance of a permit.
Easements should preserve stormwater runoff conveyance, infiltration, and detention areas and
facilities, including flood routes for the 100-year storm event. The purpose of the easement should be
specified in the maintenance agreement signed by the property owner.
10.5 Inspections
The person(s) or organization(s) responsible for maintenance should inspect stormwater BMPs on a
regular basis, as outlined in the SWP3.
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Authorized representatives of local reviewing agency may enter at reasonable times upon any property
to conduct on-site inspections or required maintenance.
For BMP’s maintained by the property owner or homeowners association, inspection and maintenance
reports should be filed with jurisdiction, as provided for in the SWPPP.
Authorized representatives of the local jurisdiction may conduct inspections to confirm the information in
the reports.
Inspection protocols vary from community to community. See the Inspection Protocol Appendix in this
manual for samples of some forms used in the region. Individual jurisdictions may have established
specific ordinances or subdivision regulations which vary from the recommendations in this Stormwater
Standards Manual. When jurisdictions have established regulations, violation can be a minor
misdemeanor and subject to punishment or fines as regulated by the Ohio Revised Code.
10.6 Penalties for Violation
Penalties vary by jurisdiction. If a jurisdiction has declared that a violation is a minor misdemeanor,
punishment and fines will be imposed as regulated by the Ohio Revised Code. Fines may be cumulative
and may be incurred for each day of violation.
10.8 Variances
A jurisdiction may grant a variance to these standards where the applicant or permit holder can show
that compliance with all or part of these standards is not appropriate. A variance may be granted if the
probability of water management problems is slight because of exceptional topographic or other physical
condition of the development area. Requests for variances should be submitted to the local reviewing
agency and should include justification for the granting of the variance.
10.8 Appeals
Any person aggrieved by an order, requirement, determination, or any other action or inaction by the
local reviewing agency or its representatives in relation to these standards may appeal to the Court of
Common Pleas. Such an appeal should be made in conformity with Chapters 2505 and 2506 of the Ohio
Revised Code. Written notice should be served to the jurisdiction.
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Appendix A: Glossary
______________________________________________
AH Zone
Zone AH is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the areas of 100-year shallow flooding with
a constant water-surface elevation (usually areas of ponding) where average depths are between 1 and
3 feet. The BFEs derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected intervals within this
zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply.
AO Zone
Zone AO is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the areas of 100-year shallow flooding
(usually sheet flow on sloping terrain) where average depths are between 1 and 3 feet. The depth
should be averaged along the cross section and then along the direction of flow to determine the extent
of the zone. Average flood depths derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown within this
zone. In addition, alluvial fan flood hazards are considered Zone AO. Mandatory flood insurance
purchase requirements apply.
Accelerated Soil Erosion
The increased loss of the land surface that occurs as a result of human activities.
Administrator
The person or entity having the responsibility and duty of administering and ensuring compliance with
these Rules. The Administrator shall be appointed by the Board of [County Name] County
Commissioners.
Applicant
Any person, firm or governmental agency who owns property or the duly appointed representative and
wishes to develop that property and one who executes the necessary forms to procure the permit to
carry out such development from (community).
Appropriate Use
Only uses of the Regulatory Floodway that are permissible and will be considered for permit issuance.
A.S.T.M.
American Society for Testing Materials
Backwater
Water held or pushed back by a dam or current.
Bankfull Flood
A condition that occurs when streamflow completely fills the stream channel up to the top of the bank. In
undisturbed watersheds, this occurs on average every 2 years and controls the shape and form of
natural channels.
Barrel
The concrete or corrugated metal pipe that passes runoff from the riser through the embankment, and
finally discharges to the pond's outfall.
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Base Flood
The flood having one percent probability of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The base
flood is also known as the 100-year frequency storm event.
Base Flood Elevation (BFE)
The elevation delineating the level of flooding resulting from the 100-year flood frequency elevation.
Base Flow
The portion of stream flow that is not due to runoff from precipitation and is usually supported by water
seepage from natural storage areas such as ground water bodies, lakes or wetlands.
Best Management Practice (BMP)
A practice or combination of practices that prevent or reduce stormwater runoff and/or associated
pollutants.
Borings
Cylindrical samples of a soil profile used to determine infiltration capacity.
Buffer Strip/ Buffer Area
A zone where plantings capable of filtering Stormwater are established or preserved, and where
construction, paving and chemical applications are prohibited.
Building Permit
A permit obtained from local reviewing agency (county or township) prior to the construction of
commercial structures or residential dwellings.
Capacity (Adequate Downstream Stormwater Capacity)
A stormwater management facility shall be considered to have adequate downstream stormwater
capacity if the facility can be shown to accommodate up to and including the 100-year frequency storm
runoff without increasing property damage to the adjacent property or to a point downstream known to
(community) to be a restriction causing significant backwater.
Catch Basin
A collection structure below ground designed to collect and convey water into the storm sewer system.
It is designed so that sediment falls to the bottom of the catch basin and not directly into the pipe.
Channel
Any river, stream, creek, brook, branch, natural or artificial waterway, flowage, slough, ditch, conduit,
culvert, gully, ravine, swale, wash, or natural or man-made drainage way; in or into which surface or
groundwater flows either perennially or intermittently.
Channel Modification
Alteration of a channel by changing the physical dimensions or materials of its bed or banks. Channel
modification includes damming, rip-rapping or other armoring, widening, deepening, straightening,
relocating, lining and significant removal of bottom material or woody vegetation of the channel.
Channel modification does not include the clearing of dead or dying vegetation, debris, or trash from the
channel.
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Check Dam
An earthen, aggregate or log structure, used in grass swales to reduce velocity, promote sediment
deposition, and enhance infiltration. A log or gabion structure placed perpendicular to a stream to
enhance aquatic habitat.
Community
Any municipality, unincorporated county or township, or special district acting as the designated
management agency for stormwater runoff.
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)
A facility is an animal feeding operation (AFO) if animals are stabled/confined, or fed/maintained, for 45
days or more within any 12-month period, and the facility does not produce any crops, vegetation or
forage growth. A CAFO is an AFO which:
• Has more than 1,000 animal units (AU), or
• Has 301 to 1,000 AU and wastes are discharged through man-made conveyance or directly into US
waters, or
• Is designated a CAFO by the permitting authority on a case-by-case basis
Culvert
A closed conduit used for the passage of surface water under a road, or other embankment.
Critical Area
Any portion of an area subject to this Rule the disturbance of which would cause soil erosion and
sediment run-off and damage to private properties, water courses, storm sewers or public lands due to
topography, soil type, hydrology or proximity to a water course. These areas include, but are not limited
to, riparian areas, wetlands and highly erodible soils.
Damaged/Diseased Trees
Trees that have split trunk, broken tops, heart rot, insect or fungus problems that will lead to imminent
death, undercut root systems that put the tree in imminent danger of falling, lean as a result of root
failure that puts the tree in imminent danger of falling, or any other condition that puts the tree in
imminent danger of being uprooted or falling into or along a stream or onto a structure.
Denuded/Disturbed
An area where the land surface has been cleared, grubbed, compacted, or otherwise modified.
Depressional Storage Area
Non-Riverine depressions where stormwater collects.
Design Storm
A rainfall event of specified size and return frequency, (e.g., a storm that occurs only once every 25
years). Typically used to calculate the runoff volume and peak discharge rate to or from a BMP.
Detention
The temporary storage of storm runoff, to control peak discharge rates and provide gravity settling of
pollutants.
Detention Basin
A constructed basin that temporarily stores water before discharging into a surface water body. Can be
classified into three groups:
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 139

1. Dry Detention Basin
A basin that remains dry except for short periods following large rainstorms or snow melt events. This
type of basin is less effective at removing pollutants.
2. Extended Dry Detention Basin
A dry detention basin that has been modified to increase the length of time that Stormwater will be
detained, typically between 24-40 hours. Extended detention allows pollutants to settle out before
Stormwater is discharged from the basin.
3. Wet Detention Basin
A wet detention facility is designed to maintain a permanent pool of water after the temporary storage of
stormwater runoff. Pollutant removal rates are dependent on the volume to the pool. Permanent pool
volume equal to 0.5-1.0 in. of runoff per acre impervious area will reliably achieve moderate to high
removal rates.
Detention Time
The amount of time that a volume of water will remain in a detention basin.
Development
Development shall be defined as finalization of a plat, re-plat, lot-split, or man-made change to real
estate by private or public agencies including:
• Construction, reconstruction, significant repair, or placement of a building or any addition to a
building;
• Installation of a manufactured home on a site, preparation of a site for a manufactured home, or
placement of a recreational vehicle on a site for more that 180 days;
• Drilling, mining, installation of utilities, construction of roads, bridges, or similar projects;
• Clearing of land in excess of one (1) acre as an adjunct of construction;
• Construction or erection of levees, walls, fences, dams, or culverts; channel modification; filling,
dredging, grading, excavating, paving, or other alterations of the ground surface; storage of
materials; deposit of solid or liquid waste;
• Any other activity that might change the direction, height, volume or flow of drainage runoff and
collection.
Discharge
The rate of flow typically expressed as a volume of water passing a point in a given time. Usually
expressed as cubic feet per second.
Disturbed Area
An area of land subject to erosion due to the removal of vegetative cover and/or soil moving activities,
including filling.
Ditch
An excavated channel for the purpose of drainage or irrigation. May or may not be maintained by a
county agency.
Drainage
The removal of excess surface water or groundwater from land by surface or subsurface drains.
Drainage Improvement
An improvement as defined in O.R.C. 6131.01(C), and/or conservation works of improvement as defined
in O.R.C. 1511 and 1515.
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Drainage Way
A natural or manmade channel, ditch, or waterway that conveys surface water in a concentrated manner
by gravity. See also watercourse, channel, stream.
Drainage Area (Also see Watershed)
The land area above a given point that contributes stormwater to that point.
Drawdown
The gradual reduction in water level in a pond BMP due to the combined effect of infiltration and
evaporation.
Earth Material
The soil, sediment, rock, sand, gravel and organic material or residue associated with or attached to the
soil.
Easement
A legal right, granted by a property owner to another entity, allowing that entity to make limited use of the
property involved for a specific purpose. Easements are recorded on the title to the land and transfer
with the sale of land. Also known as a right-of-way.
Engineer
A Professional Engineer registered in the State of Ohio.
Erosion
The process by which the land surface is worn away by the action of wind, water, ice, gravity or any
combination of those forces.
Erosion and Sediment Control
The control of soil material, both mineral and organic, during soil-disturbing activity to prevent its
transport out of the disturbed area by means of wind, water, ice or gravity.
Exceptional Functional Value Wetland
Any wetland identified as such in the USEPA Advanced Identification Study (ADID) of the area or any
wetland that through functional assessment meets the criteria defined in that study for determining
exceptional functional value.
Extended Detention
A Stormwater design feature that provides for the holding and gradual release of Stormwater over a
longer period of time than that provided by conventional detention basins, typically 24-40 hours.
Extended detention allows pollutants to settle out before Stormwater is discharged from the basin.
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency and its regulations codified as 44 CFR 1-399.
Farm
Land or water devoted to growing crops or cultivated in connection with raising or harvesting any
agricultural or horticultural commodity, including nursery stock, and the raising, shearing, feeding, caring
for, training, and management of livestock and poultry.
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Fill
Added earth that is designed to change the contour of the land.
Final Plat
A revised version of the preliminary drawing showing exact locations of lot lines, rights-of-way,
easements and dedicated areas. The final plat is recorded in the Office of the County Recorder.
Final Stabilization
All soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and a uniform perennial vegetative cover
with a density of at least 80% cover for the area has been established or equivalent stabilization
measures, such as the use of mulches or geotextiles, have been employed.
First Flush
The delivery of a highly concentrated pollutant loading during the early stages of a storm, due to the
washing effect of runoff on pollutants that have accumulated on the land.
Floodplain (see Regulatory Floodplain)
Flood-Prone Area
Any area inundated by the base flood.
Floodway (see Regulatory Floodway)
Floodway Fringe
Areas that fall within the 1-percent annual chance (100-year) floodplain, but are outside the floodway.
Flow Path
The distance that a parcel of water travels through a stormwater detention pond or wetland. It is defined
as the distance between the inlet and outlet, divided by the average width.
Flow Splitter
An engineered, hydraulic structure designed to divert a portion of stream flow to a BMP located out of
the channel, or to direct Stormwater to a parallel pipe system, or to bypass a portion of baseflow around
a pond.
Forebay
A small, separate storage area near the inlet to a detention basin, used to trap and settle incoming
sediments before they can be delivered to the basin. For basins with a single inlet, a forebay may
occupy 5-20% of the normal pool area. Forebays should be large enough to avoid scour and resuspension
of trapped sediment and sized for ease of construction and cleanout. Forebays should have
a water depth of at least 3 feet.
Freeboard
The space from the top of an embankment to the highest water elevation expected for the largest design
storm to be stored or conveyed. The space is required as a safety margin in a pond, basin or channel.
Gabion
A large rectangular box of heavy gage wire mesh that holds large cobbles and boulders. Used in
streams and ponds to change flow patterns, stabilize banks, or prevent erosion.
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Geotextile Cloth
Textiles of relatively small mesh or pore size. The two major classifications are as follows:
Permeable. This allows water to pass through while holding sediments back.
Impermeable. This type prevents both runoff and sediment from passing through.
Grading
The excavating, filling, or stockpiling of earth material, or any combination thereof, including the land in
its excavated or filled condition.
Ground Water
Naturally existing water beneath the earth's surface between saturated soil particles and rock that
supplies wells and springs.
Ground Water Table
The upper surface or top of the saturated portion of the soil or bedrock layer, indicates the uppermost
extent of groundwater.
Grading
To level off to a smooth horizontal or sloping surface.
Grubbing
To clear by digging up roots and stumps.
Hazardous Substance
Substance that has any of the following characteristics:
Ignitable: A substance that is flammable (has a flash point under 140 degrees Fahrenheit) such as
solvents, points or cleaning products.
Toxic: Substance that if improperly managed can contaminate groundwater and be harmful or fatal to
animals and humans.
Corrosive: Substances that are acids or alkaline that can burn tissue or corrode metal.
Reactive: A broad range of substances that are unstable, explosive, or can create toxic fumes.
Hydric Soil
A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic
conditions in the upper part.
Hydrograph
A graph showing variation in the water depth or discharge in a stream or channel, over time, at a specific
point along a stream.
Hydrology
The distribution and circulation of water on the surface of the land and underground.
Hydrophytic Vegetation
Plant life growing in water, soil or on a substrate that is at lease periodically deficient in oxygen as a
result of excessive water content.
Impervious Surface
Any hard-surfaced, man made area that does not readily absorb or retain water, including but not limited
to building roofs, parking and driveway areas, graveled areas, sidewalks and paved recreation areas.
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Infiltration
The absorption of water into the ground, expressed in terms of inches/hour.
Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve
Curve showing the probability of various short-period rainfall rates for various durations of precipitation
at a given location. Often a family of curves is shown, each depicting a specific occurrence frequency or
return period in years.
Invert
The interior surface of the bottom of any pipe.
Land Disturbance
Any clearing, grading, excavating, filling, or other alteration of land surface where natural or man-made
cover is destroyed in a manner that exposes the underlying soils.
Landscape Architect
A Professional Landscape Architect registered in the State of Ohio.
Landslide
A rapid mass movement of soil and rock moving downhill under the influence of gravity.
Larger Common Plan of Development
A contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at
different times on different schedules under one plan.
Level-Spreader
A device used to spread out Stormwater runoff uniformly over the ground surface as sheet flow i.e., not
through channels. The purpose of level spreaders is to prevent concentrated, erosive flows from
occurring, and to enhance infiltration.
Linear Buffer
Strip of land along linear waterbodies including streams, ditches, and rivers where development is
restricted.
Manhole
A structure that allows access into the sewer system.
Manning's Roughness Coefficient ("n")
A coefficient used in Manning's Equation to describe the resistance to flow due to the surface roughness
of a culvert or stream channel.
Mitigation (see Wetland Mitigation)
Measures taken to eliminate or minimize damage from development activities, such as construction in
Wetlands or Regulatory Floodplain filling, by replacement of the resource.
Multi-Family Development
Apartments, condominiums, duplexes or other similar buildings housing more than one family.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 144

Maximum Extent Practicable
The level of pollutant reduction that operators of small municipal separate storm sewer systems
regulated under 40 C.F.R. Parts 9, 122, 123, and 124, referred to as NPDES Stormwater Phase II, must
meet.
NGVD
National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929.
NPDES
As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into waters
of the United States.
Natural Waterway
A waterway that is part of the natural topography which usually maintains a continuous or seasonal flow
during the year and is characterized as being irregular in cross-section with a meandering course.
Nationwide Permit (NWP)
A general permit that authorizes categories of activities throughout the United States, and are valid for
an individual project only if the conditions of the appropriate permit type are met. As with all general
permits, NWPs include specific project limitations that ensure adverse effects will be no more than
minimal and that the aquatic environment will be protected.
Non-point Source Pollution
Stormwater-conveyed pollution that is not identifiable to one particular source, and is occurring at
locations scattered throughout the drainage basin. Typical sources include erosion, agricultural activities,
and runoff from urban lands.
Non-structural practice
A practice that prevents or reduces runoff problems in receiving waters by reducing the generation of
pollutants and managing runoff at the source, as opposed to building control or treatment facilities. This
type of practice may be included in a regulation or may involve voluntary pollution prevention practices.
Noxious Weed
Any plant defined as a “noxious weed and rank vegetation” in Section 21.1 in the Codified Ordinances of
the County of Lucas, Ohio.
Off-line BMP
A water quality facility designed to treat Stormwater that has been diverted outside of the natural
watercourse or storm sewer system.
Off-site Detention
Detention provided at a regional detention facility as opposed to storage on-site.
Ohio EPA General Construction Permit
A general stormwater permit issued by the Ohio EPA is required for discharges associated with
construction activities of > 1 acre.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 145

Ohio Rapid Assessment Method
A multi-parameter qualitative index established by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to
evaluate wetland quality and function.
One Hundred Year Flood (100-year flood)
The flood that has a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year.
One Hundred Year Floodplain
Any land susceptible to being inundated by water from a base flood, which is the flood that has a one
percent or greater chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
Ordinary High Water Mark
The line between upland and bottomland that persists through successive changes in water level, below
which the presence of water is so common or recurrent that, the character of the soil and vegetation is
markedly different from the upland.
Orifice
An opening in a wall or plate.
Peak Discharge
The maximum instantaneous rate of flow during a storm, usually in reference to a specific design storm
event.
Person
An individual, corporation, firm, trust, commission, board, public or private partnership, joint venture,
agency, unincorporated association, municipal corporation, county or state agency, federal government
or any combination thereof.
Phasing
Clearing a parcel of land in distinct sections, with the stabilization of each section before the clearing of
the next.
Plat, Plating Process
A legal procedure, and the document that depicts it, whereby a larger piece of property is divided into
smaller sections, and is accompanied by a full description of the original property, the dimension of each
lot to be subdivided, and all relevant deed restrictions and easements.
Pollution
Any contamination or alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of any waters that will
render the waters harmful or detrimental to: public health, safety or welfare; domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses; livestock, wildlife, including birds,
fish or other aquatic life.
• Point Source Pollution
Pollution that is traceable to a discrete point or pipe.
• Non-point Source Pollution
Pollution that is generated by various land use activities rather than from an identifiable or
discrete source, and is conveyed to waterways through natural processes, such as rainfall,
storm runoff, or ground water seepage rather than direct discharge.
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Post-Construction Runoff Control
A BMP designed to manage stormwater quantity (and often quality) after construction is complete.
Post-Development
The conditions which exist following the completion of the soil-disturbing activity in terms of topography,
vegetation, land use and rate, volume or direction of stormwater runoff.
Pre-Construction Meeting
A meeting between the Administrator and all principal parties, prior to the start of any construction, at a
site that requires an Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
Preliminary Plan
A drawing of a development for the purpose of plan commission or boarding zone of appeals approval.
Pretreatment
Technique to capture or trap coarse sediments within runoff, before they enter a BMP to preserve
storage volumes or prevent clogging. Examples include swales, forebays and micropools.
Protected Wetland
Any wetland protected by state law or local government regulation.
Public Road Development
Any development activity that takes place in a public right-of-way or part thereof that is administered and
funded by a public agency under its respective roadway jurisdiction. Rehabilitative maintenance and inkind
roadway replacement are considered to be a public road development if located in a Regulatory
Floodplain. A public road development located within a Regulatory Floodway and which has been
approved by the ODOT or MDOT is exempt from this ordinance.
Qualified Wetland Professional
A consultant or individual who has extensive experience in delineating wetland areas.
Rainwater and Land Development Manual
Ohio’s standards for stormwater management, land development, and urban stream protection.
Developed by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural
Resource Conservation Service, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. The most current
edition of these standards shall be used with this regulation.
Rational Formula
A simple technique for estimating peak discharge rates for very small developments, based on the
rainfall intensity, watershed time of concentration, and a runoff coefficient.
Regulatory Floodplain
Riverine or non-riverine depressional areas. Projecting the base flood elevation onto the best available
topography shall delineate floodplain boundaries. A flood prone area is a Regulatory Floodplain if it
meets the following descriptions:
• Any riverine area inundated by the base flood where there is at least 640 acres of tributary
drainage area.
• Any non-riverine area with a storage volume of 0.75 acre-foot or more when inundated by the
base flood.
• Any area indicated as a Special Flood Hazard Area on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map and
located with the best available topography to be inundated by the base flood.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 147

Regulatory Floodway
The channel and that portion of the Regulatory Floodplain adjacent to a stream or channel which is
needed to store and convey the existing and anticipated future 100 year frequency flood discharge with
no more than 0.1 foot increase in stage due to loss of flood conveyance or storage, and no more than a
10% increase in velocities.
Release Rate
The rate of discharge in volume per unit time from a detention facility.
Retention
The holding of runoff in a basin without release except by means of evaporation, infiltration, or
emergency bypass.
Retention Basin
A Stormwater management facility designed to capture runoff that does not discharge directly to a
surface water body. The water is "discharged" by infiltration or evaporation. Also known as a Wet Pond.
Retention Structure
A permanent structure whose primary purpose is to permanently store a given volume of stormwater
runoff for release by infiltration and/or evaporation.
Reverse Slope Pipe
A technique for regulating extended detention times that are resistant to clogging. A reverse slope pipe
is a pipe that extends downwards from the riser into the permanent pool and sets the water surface
elevation of the pool. The lower end of the pipe is located up to 1 foot below the water surface.
Right-of-Way
(See Easement)
Riparian Area
A transitional area between flowing water and terrestrial ecosystems, which provides a continuous
exchange of nutrients and woody debris between land and water. This area is at least periodically
influenced by flooding. Riparian areas, if appropriately sized and managed, help to stabilize banks, limit
erosion, reduce flood size flows and/ or filter and settle out runoff pollutants, or perform other functions
consistent with the purposes of these regulations.
Riparian Lands
Land directly adjacent to a surface water body.
Riparian Setback
The area set back from each bank of a stream to protect the riparian area and stream from impacts of
development, and streamside residents from impacts of flooding and land loss through erosion. Riparian
Setbacks are those lands that fall within the area defined by the criteria set forth in the regulations of
various jurisdictions and local reviewing agencies.
Riprap
A combination of large stones, cobbles and boulders used to line channels, stabilize banks, reduce
runoff velocities, or filter out sediment.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 148

Riser
A vertical pipe extending from the bottom of a basin that is used to control the discharge rate from the
basin for a specified design storm.
Riverine
Relating to, formed by, or resembling a stream (including creeks and rivers).
Runoff
The excess portion of precipitation that does not infiltrate into the ground, but "runs off" and reaches a
stream, water body or storm sewer.
Runoff Coefficient
The ratio of the amount of water that is NOT absorbed by the surface to the total amount of water that
falls during rainstorm.
RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed RUSLE as erosion models, are widely used to
estimate rates of soil erosion caused by rainfall and associated overland flow.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htmdocid=5971
Sediment
Soil or other surface material that is transported from its site of origin by wind, water, ice, or gravity. May
be in the form of bed load, suspended or dissolved.
Sediment Basin
A temporary barrier or other suitable retention structure built across an area of water flow to intercept
runoff and allow transported sediment to settle and be retained prior to discharge into waters of the
State.
Sediment Pollution
The degradation of waters of the State by sediment as a result of failure to apply management or
conservation practices to abate wind or water soil erosion, specifically in conjunction with soil-disturbing
activities on land used or being developed for commercial, industrial, residential or other non-farm
purposes.
Sedimentation
The deposit of sediment in water bodies.
Sheet Flow
Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in a channel.
Short Circuiting
The passage of runoff through a BMP in less than the theoretical or design detention time.
Sloughing/Slumping
A slip or downward movement of an extended layer of soil resulting from the undermining action of water
or the soil-disturbing activity of man.
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Soil and Water Conservation District
An entity organized under Chapter 1515 of the Ohio Revised Code referring either to the Soil and Water
Conservation District Board or its designated employee(s), hereinafter referred to as the [County]
SWCD
Soil Conservation
The use of the soil within the limits of its physical characteristics and protecting it from unalterable
limitations of climate and topography.
Soil Disturbing Activity
Clearing, grading, excavating, filling or other alteration of the earth’s surface where natural or human
made ground cover is destroyed and which may result in, or contribute to, erosion and sediment
pollution.
Soil Group, Hydrologic
A classification of soils by the Natural Resource Conservation Service into four runoff potential groups.
The groups range from “A Soils” which are very permeable and produce little runoff, to “D Soils” which
are relatively impermeable and produce much more runoff.
Soil Loss
The soil moved from a given site by the forces of erosion, measured using “T.”
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)
Any area subject to inundation by the base flood from a river, creek, stream, or any other identified
channel or ponding and shown on the Regulatory Floodplain map. The SFHA is the area that is
expected to be inundated by a 1% annual chance flood.
Spillway
A depression in the embankment of a pond or basin, used to pass peak discharges in excess of the
design storm.
Source Controls
Source control Best Management Practices (BMPs) keep pollutants from entering stormwater in the first
place. Source control BMPs are aimed at preventing or minimizing pollutants through performing routine
work in a way that eliminates, or greatly reduces, the likelihood of contaminants getting into stormwater.
Stabilization
The installation of vegetative and/or structural measures to establish a soil cover in order to reduce soil
erosion by stormwater runoff, wind, ice, and gravity.
Storm Drain
A conduit, pipe or human-made structure, which serves to transport stormwater runoff.
Stormwater Management
Runoff water safely being conveyed or temporarily stored and released at an allowable rate to minimize
erosion and flooding.
Stormwater Quality Treatment
The removal of pollutants from urban runoff and improvement of water quality, accomplished largely by
deposition and utilizing the benefits of natural processes.
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Stormwater Runoff
The direct response of a watershed to precipitation, which includes the surface and subsurface runoff
that enters a stream, ditch, storm sewer or other concentrated flow during and following the precipitation.
Stormwater Standards Manual
A standards manual prepared by the Maumee RAP and TMACOG that provides guidelines on BMP
design and performance criteria.
Stormwater Wetland
A conventional stormwater wetland is a shallow pool that creates growing conditions suitable for the
growth of marsh plants. Stormwater wetlands are designed to maximize pollutant removal through
wetland uptake, retention and settling. These constructed systems are not located within delineated
natural wetlands.
Stream
A river, creek, or surface waterway that has definite banks, a bed, and visible evidence of continued flow
or continued occurrence of water, including the connecting water of the Great Lakes. Even if water flow
is intermittent, it is classified as a stream.
Structural Controls
Structural controls are Best Management Practices (BMPs) that require the construction of a structure or
other physical modification on the site.
Subsoil
That portion of the soil below the topsoil or plow layer, beginning 6-12" below surface down to bedrock
parent material.
Substantial Improvement
Any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50
percent of the market value of the structure. The term does not include either 1.) any project for
improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary, or safety code
specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions or 2.) any alteration of a
structure listed on the National Register of Historical Places or State Inventory of Historical Places.
Swale
A natural depression or wide shallow ditch used to temporarily convey, store, or filter runoff.
SWPPP (Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan)
A documented, step-by-step process for ensuring that pollutants from your activities are not making their
way into the stormwater discharges from your site. Specifically, the pollution prevention plan requires
that you select and implement best management practices (BMPs).
TN
Total Nitrogen - a measurement of water quality
TSS
Total Suspended Solids - a measurement of water quality
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 151

Temporary Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Measures
Interim control measures, which are installed or constructed to control soil erosion or sedimentation until
permanent soil erosion control measures are established.
Ten year Frequency Storm
A storm that is capable of producing rainfall expected to be equaled or exceeded on the average of once
in 10 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedence probability with a 10 percent chance of being
equaled or exceeded in any given year.
Time of Concentration
The time it takes for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically farthest portion of the watershed to the
design point.
Timing
The relationship in time of how runoff from sub-watersheds combines within a watershed.
Topsoil
The upper layer of soil that is usually darker in color and richer in organic matter and nutrients than the
subsoil.
Two Year Frequency Storm
A storm that is capable of producing rainfall expected to be equaled or exceeded on the average of once
in 2 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedence probability with a 50 percent chance of being
equaled or exceeded in any given year.
Treatment Train
A stormwater treatment train consisting of several BMPs utilized together such as conservation site
design, overland conveyance via vegetated swales, soil erosion and sedimentation control, etc.
Underdrain
Perforated pipe installed to collect and remove excess runoff.
Unstable Soils
A portion of land surface or area which is prone to slipping, sloughing, landslides or is identified by
Natural Resource Conservation Service, USDA methodology as having a low soil strength.
Variance
A modification of the enforcement of a local Riparian Setback Ordinance or regulation which will not be
contrary to the public interest and where, due to conditions peculiar to this property and not the result of
the action of the applicant, a literal enforcement of the ordinance would result in undue hardship to the
applicant.
Water Resource
Any public or private body of water including lakes or ponds, and streams, gullies, swales, or ravines
having banks, a defined bed, and a definite direction of course, either continuously or intermittently
flowing.
Waterbody Buffer
A vegetated area, including trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, which exists or is established to
protect a lake, reservoir or coastal estuarine area. Alteration of this natural area is strictly limited.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 152

Watercourse
A natural or artificial waterway, such as a stream or river, with a defined bed and channel and a definite
direction of course that is contained within, flows through, or borders the community.
Watershed
The complete area or region of land draining into a common outlet such as a river or body of water.
Weir
A structure that extends across the width of a channel, and is used to impound, measure, or in some
way alter the flow of water through the channel.
Wetland
Land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support and that
under normal circumstances does support wetland vegetation or aquatic life and is commonly referred to
as a bog, swamp, or marsh. A wetland will contain predominance, not just an occurrence, of wetland
vegetation and hydric soils.
Category 2 wetland
A medium quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-
54© of the Ohio EPA.
Category 3 wetland
A high quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-54© of
the Ohio EPA.
Wetland Mitigation
A regulatory term that refers to the process of constructing new wetland acreage to compensate for the
loss of natural wetlands during the development process. Mitigation seeks to replace structural and
functional qualities of the natural wetland type that has been destroyed. Stormwater wetlands typically
do not count for credit as mitigation, because their construction does not replicate all the ecosystem
functions of a natural wetland.
Wet Pond
A pond structure that provides for the storage of runoff by means of a permanent pool of water.
Wetted Perimeter
The wetted surface of a stream, culvert cross-section, or pond that causes resistance to flow. The water
to surface interface is a distance, typically expressed in feet.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 153

Appendix B: Best Management Practices
Construction Site Runoff Control
______________________________________________
1. Vegetation Protection
Description
Vegetation that exists on-site prior to development may be protected so it will continue to survive after
construction.
Applicability
Vegetation protection areas may be used to protect areas of forest, or specimen trees, or riparian areas
Design Guidelines
Map: The vegetation protection areas shall be shown on the site map. Fencing shall be placed to
delineate the areas as shown on the map.
Fencing: Vegetation protection areas shall be fenced prior to beginning clearing operations. Fence
materials shall be metal fence posts with two strands of high tensile wire, plastic fence, or snow fence.
Fence shall remain around the protection area until after final grading has been completed.
Signage: Signage shall clearly identify the vegetation protection area and state that no clearing or
equipment is allowed within it.
2. Mulching
Description
Applying a protective layer of mulch (usually straw) to bare soil reduces erosion by shielding the surface
from raindrop impact and encouraging re-vegetation by holding moisture and creating favorable
conditions for seed germination.
Applicability
Mulch can be used throughout construction to limit areas of bare soil that are susceptible to erosion.
Mulch shall be used in conjunction with seeding to establish vegetation. Mulch can also be used by itself
when the season does not allow vegetation to grow.
Design Guidelines
Mulch shall consist of one of the following:
• Straw— Applied at a rate of 2 tons / acre or 90 lbs. / 1,000 sq. ft.,
• Hydroseeders— Wood cellulose fiber shall be used at 1 ton / acre or 46 lbs. / 1,000 sq. ft., or
• Other— Other acceptable mulches include mulch matting applied according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
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3. Matting
Description
Matting such as jute or excelsior can be used to stabilize easily eroded areas such as channels, steep
slopes, and embankments while vegetation is becoming established.
Applicability
Matting should be used on:
• Channels where designed flow exceeds 3.5 fps,
• Steep slopes, embankments or streambanks, and
• Problems areas that have highly erosive soils or are slow to establish vegetation.
Design Guidelines
Material
Excelsior matting shall be at least 48 in. wide and weigh an average of 0.75 lb. / sq. yd. or greater. Jute
matting shall be at least 48 in. wide and weigh an average of 1.2 lbs. / sq. yd. or greater. Matting made
of other material that provides equal or greater stabilization and is approved by the local reviewing
agency may be substituted.
Site Preparation
After the site has been shaped and graded a seedbed shall be prepared that is mostly free of large rocks
and other foreign materials greater than 1.5 in. in diameter. The site shall be prepared to ensure the
matting has good contact with the soil.
Anchoring
Matting shall be held in place as recommended by the manufacturer and as adequate for site conditions.
Sod staples are the most commonly used anchors. Sod staples should be No. 11 gauge wire or heavier
and be 6 to 10 in. in length. Longer staples shall be used in sandy or loose soils.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 155

Example of Matting Installation
Figure Appendix B- 1 Example of Matting Installation
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996
4. Stabilization of Denuded Areas
Permanent or temporary soil stabilization shall be applied to denuded areas within 7 days after final
grade is reached on any portion of the site, and shall also be applied within 7 days to denuded areas
that may not be at final grade, but will remain dormant for longer than 45 days. At the close of the
construction season, the entire site must be stabilized, using a heavy mulch layer, or another method
that does not require germination to control erosion.
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The goal of temporary stabilization is to provide cover, quickly. This shall be accomplished by seeding
with fast growing grass and then covering them with mulch. Outside the growing season (November 1 -
March 31) only mulch shall be applied.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 157

Description
Applying a protective layer of mulch (usually straw) to bare soil reduces erosion by shielding the surface
from raindrop impact and encouraging re-vegetation by holding moisture and creating favorable
conditions for seed germination.
Applicability
Mulch can be used throughout construction to limit areas of bare soil that are susceptible to erosion.
Mulch shall be used in conjunction with seeding to establish vegetation. Mulch can also be used by
itself when the season does not allow vegetation to grow.
Design Guidelines
Types of mulch & application rates: mulch shall consist of one of the following:
• Straw: Applied at a rate of 2 tons / acre or 90 lbs. / 1,000 sq. ft.,
• Hydroseeders: Wood cellulose fiber shall be used at 1 ton / acre or 46 lbs. / 1,000 sq. ft., or
• Other: Other acceptable mulches include mulch matting applied according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
5. Temporary Seeding
Description
Temporary seeding provides erosion control on denuded areas between construction operations. Quick
growing species are used and mulch should be applied to provide immediate, temporary soil
stabilization. Temporary seeding should be used in locations where construction operations allow
vegetation to be established.
Applicability
Temporary seeding shall be applied to exposed soil where additional work is not scheduled for more
than 45 days. Permanent seeding shall be applied if the areas will be idle for more than a year. (See
Best Management Practices - Post-Construction Runoff Control.)
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 158

Design Guidelines
Temporary Seeding Species Selection
Seeding Dates Species Lbs. / 1,000 ft. 2 Lbs. / acre
March 1 – August 15
August 16 – November 1
November 2 - February 28
Oats 3 4 bushels
Tall Fescue 1 40
Annual Ryegrass 1 40
Perennial Ryegrass 1 40
Tall Fescue 1 40
Annual Ryegrass 1 40
Rye 3 2 bushels
Tall Fescue 1 40
Annual Ryegrass 1 40
Wheat 3 2 bushels
Tall Fescue 1 40
Annual Ryegrass 1 40
Perennial Ryegrass 1 40
Tall Fescue 1 40
Annual Ryegrass 1 40
Use mulch only, sodding, or dormant seeding.
Table Appendix B- 1 Temporary Seeding Species Selection
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996. Other species approved by local reviewing agency may be substituted.
Seedbed
The seedbed shall be loose and free of excessive rock to ensure successful establishment. However,
temporary seeding should not be postponed if ideal seedbed preparation is not possible.
Soil Amendments
A soil evaluation should be conducted on the site to determine the need for lime and/or fertilizer.
Seeding Method
Seed shall be applied uniformly with a cyclone seeder, drill, cultipacker seeder, or hydroseeder.
Mulching
Applications of temporary seeding shall include mulch, which shall be applied during or immediately
following seeding. See mulching guidelines.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 159

6. Permanent Seeding
Description
Permanent seeding includes preparing the seedbed, seeding, and the establishment of perennial
vegetation to stabilize the soil. Permanent seeding reduces runoff and prevents sediment pollution, by
promoting infiltration.
Applicability
Permanent seeding should be applied to:
• Areas or portions of construction sites that can be brought to final grade. Application of
permanent seeding should not be delayed while construction on other portions of the site is being
completed.
• Areas that will be disturbed again, but will be dormant for a year or more.
Design Guidelines
Seedbed Preparation
A subsoiler, plow, or other implement shall be used to reduce soil compaction and allow maximum
infiltration. Subsoiling should not be done on slip-prone areas where soil preparation should be limited
to what is necessary for establishing vegetation.
Soil Amendments
Agricultural ground limestone shall be applied to acid soil as recommended by a soil evaluation. In lieu
of a soil evaluation, lime shall be applied at a rate of 100 lbs./1000 sq. ft. or 2 tons /ac. Fertilizer shall be
applied as recommended by a soil evaluation. In lieu of a soil evaluation, fertilizer shall be applied at a
rate of 12 lbs./1,000 sq. ft. or 500 lbs./ac. of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12 analysis. The lime and fertilizer shall
be worked into the soil with a disk harrow, spring tooth harrow or other suitable field implement to a
depth of 3 in. On sloping land the soil shall be worked on the contour.
Seeding Dates and Soil Conditions
Ideal seeding dates include March 1 to May 31 and August 1 to September 30. With use of additional
mulch and irrigation, seedings could be made throughout the growing season. Tillage/seedbed
preparation should be done when the soil is dry enough to crumble and not form ribbons when
compressed by hand.
Mulching or Matting
See 4. Stabilization of Denuded Areas
Irrigation
Permanent seeding shall include irrigation to establish vegetation during dry or hot weather or on
adverse site conditions as needed to provide adequate moisture for seed germination and plant growth.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 160

Permanent Seeding Species Selection
Seed Mix
Seeding Rate
Notes
Species Lbs. / 1,000
ft. 2
Lbs. / acre
General Use
Creeping Red Fescue
Domestic Ryegrass
Kentucky Bluegrass
½-1
¼-½
¼-½
20-40
10-20
10-20
Tall Fescue 1 40
Dwarf Fescue 1 40
Steep Banks or Cut Slopes
Tall Fescue 1 40
Crown Vetch
Tall Fescue
¼
½
10
20
Do not seed later than
August
Flat Pea
Tall Fescue
½
½
20
20
Do not seed later than
August
Road Ditches and Swales
Tall Fescue 1 40
Dwarf Fescue
Kentucky Bluegrass
2 ¼ 90
5
Lawns
Kentucky Bluegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
1 ½
1 ½
60
60
Kentucky Bluegrass
Creeping Red Fescue
1 ½
1 ½
60
60
Shaded Areas
Table Appendix B- 2 Permanent Seeding Species Selection
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996. Other species approved by local reviewing agency may be substituted.
7. Sodding
Description
Sod can be used to provide immediate soil stabilization in erosive areas such as drainage ways and on
steep slopes.
Applicability
Sod may be used where immediate cover is required or preferred and where vegetation will be adequate
stabilization. Appropriate uses include swales, around drop inlets, and lawns.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 161

Design Guidelines
Site Preparation
A subsoiler, plow or other implement shall be used to reduce soil compaction and allow maximum
infiltration. Subsoiling shall not be done on slip-prone areas where soil preparation should be limited to
what is necessary for establishing vegetation.
Sod Installation
Sod shall be harvested, delivered and installed within a period of 48 hrs. Sod not transplanted within
this period shall be inspected and approved prior to installation. The sod shall be kept moist and
covered during hauling and preparation. During dry periods with excessively high temperatures, the soil
shall be lightly irrigated immediately prior to laying the sod. Sod shall not be placed on frozen soil.
On sloping areas where erosion may be a problem the sod shall be secured with staples or pegs. The
sod shall be laid with the long edge parallel to the contour and with staggered joints. The first row of sod
shall be laid in a straight line, with subsequent rows placed parallel and tightly wedged against each
other.
As sodding is completed in any one section, the entire area shall be rolled or tamped to ensure solid
contact of roots with the soil surface. Sod shall be watered immediately after rolling or tamping until the
sod and soil surface below are thoroughly wet.
Sod Maintenance
In the absence of adequate rainfall during the first week, watering shall be performed daily or as often as
necessary and in sufficient quantities to maintain moist soil to a depth of 4 in.
8. Sediment Traps
Description
Sediment traps are one of the most commonly used and cost-effective measures for treating sedimentladen
runoff. Sediment traps are usually placed near the edge of construction sites, out of the way of
most construction activity. They have sediment-trapping efficiencies of 50-80% and require minimal
maintenance compared to other practices.
Applicability
Sediment traps are used where the total contributing drainage area is less than 10 acres. Larger sites
shall utilize a sediment basin, with designed control volumes.
Design Guidelines
Sediment Trap Size
The volume of the sediment trap shall be at least 67 cubic yards per acre of contributing drainage area.
The volume shall be measured from below the crest elevation of the outlet. The total volume may be
achieved by a combination of excavation and/or a compacted embankment.
Sediment Trap Shape
The sediment trap design shall incorporate the following features to improve trapping efficiency:
Length-to-width ratio greater than 2:1, where length is the distance between the inlet and the outlet,
A wedge shape with the inlet located at the narrow end,
Shallow depth and maximum surface area.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 162

Embankments
The area under the embankment shall be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mat.
Fill material used for the embankment shall be free of roots or other woody vegetation as well as
oversized rocks, stones and organic materials. Embankments shall not exceed 5 ft. in height. The
embankment shall be at least 1.5 feet above the outlet crest. The top width of embankments must be at
least 4 ft. wide with side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. The embankment shall be compacted during its
construction.
Excavation
Excavated side slopes shall not exceed 2:1 unless a safety fence is constructed around the trap area.
Outlet
Geotextile shall be placed over the bottom and slopes of the outlet spillway. Geotextile shall continue
downstream of the embankment to form an apron on the surrounding ground. To prevent from flowing
under the Geotextile, the sections placed nearest the front shall overlap the following sections by at least
2 ft. Rock used in the outlet spillway shall be placed 1 ft. thick on the geotextile. The rock shall be
between Type C and Type D rock where D 50 is about 8 in.
Maintenance
Sediment clean out shall prevent sediment from occupying more than 40% of the trap’s volume. When
sediment is removed, the sediment trap shall be restored to its original dimensions. Removed sediment
shall be deposited in a suitable area and stabilized so that it will not erode.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 163

Example of a Sediment Trap
Figure Appendix B- 2 Example of a Sediment Trap
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 164

9. Sediment Basins
Description
A sediment basin is a settling pond that releases runoff at a controlled rate. It is designed to detain runoff
long enough that most of the suspended sediments settle to the bottom. The outlet structure is a
designed pipe riser and barrel. Sediment basins can often be modified after construction to meet
the permanent stormwater detention requirements (See Chapter 5: Post-Construction Runoff
Control).
Applicability
Sediment basins designed under these guidelines are limited to sites where:
• Failure of the structure will not result in damage to homes or buildings, interruption of utilities, or
endangering human life;
• The drainage area is 100 acres or less;
• The height of the dam is 25 ft or less; and
• The basin will be removed or modified within 36 months after its construction.
Sediment basins exceeding these limits shall conform to Ohio or Michigan Dam Safety Laws, or USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service Standards for ponds; whichever is most restrictive.
Design Guidelines
Runoff Calculations
Runoff calculations must be based upon the worst soil-cover conditions expected to prevail in the
contributing drainage area during the anticipated life of the structure. Runoff shall be calculated by
accepted engineering methods outlined in Chapter 4: Design Criteria for Runoff and Detention.
Volume
The minimum volume of sediment basins shall be 67 cy (0.04 ac. ft.) for each acre of drainage area.
This volume is measured below the top of the principal spillway’s crest elevation. Sediment basins shall
be cleaned out before sediment accumulation reduces the volume to 35 cy / ac. The cleanout elevation
should be clearly marked on the riser (See maintenance section below).
Depth
The pool shall be configured to maximize the optimum depth of 3 ft. Depths over 5 ft. should be avoided.
The depth shall be measured to the top of the principal outlet.
Shape
The length-to-width ratio shall be greater that 6:1 and less than 20:1 wherever possible. The width shall
be calculated by dividing the surface area by the shortest flow path in the basin.
Baffles
If the length-to-width ratio cannot be achieved or greater trapping efficiency is required, porous baffles
may be incorporated into the design. Baffles shall be constructed of jute matting, rock, plastic safety
fence, or other material that will reduce turbulent currents. Baffle height shall be greater that the principal
spillway and less than the emergency spillway.
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Safety
Sediment basins shall be constructed with side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. Basins will be surrounded with
safety fence and posted with warning signs where appropriate.
Embankment
Embankments should have side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. The area under the embankment shall be
cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. Fill material used for the embankment
shall be free of roots or other woody vegetation as well as oversized rocks, stones and organic
materials. Construction equipment shall be operated over each layer in a manner that will result in the
required degree of compaction. The embankment dimensions will meet the following requirements:
Embankment Dimensions
Embankment Height (ft.)
Minimum Top Width (ft.)
20 12
Table Appendix B- 3 Embankment Dimensions
Principal Spillway
Capacity: The principal spillway must pass at least 1 cfs / ac. of drainage area when the water surface is
at the crest of the emergency spillway. The principal spillway will generally pass less than the one-year
frequency storm.
Crest Elevation: Elevation of the riser pipe must be a minimum of 1 ft. below the elevation of the
emergency spillway.
Dewatering: Dewatering capability should be a part of the sediment basin design. Cleanout of relatively
dry materials can be handled with on-site equipment rather than expensive draglines, often needed to
handle wet materials.
Riser Base: The principal spillway shall be weighted with concrete to prevent flotation. The minimum
safety factor against floatation shall be 1.1.
Trash Rack: To prevent the riser from becoming clogged with construction debris, a trash rack should
be used.
Anti-seep Collars: Anti-seep collars shall be used on the barrel of the principal spillway to prevent
seepage and erosion of the embankment. Anti-seep collars may not be needed if the embankment is
less than 10 ft. and the barrel is 12 in. or smaller if made from corrugated metal pipe or 8 in. or smaller if
made from smooth walled conduit.
Outlet protection: The outlet must be armored with rock or other stable material and not cause erosion.
Emergency Spillway
Capacity: The emergency spillway shall have the capacity to pass at least 4 cfs / ac. of drainage area
with a minimum freeboard of 1 ft. before overflowing the embankment.
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Location: The emergency spillway shall be cut in undisturbed ground. Accurate construction of the
spillway elevation is critical and shall be within a tolerance of 0.2 ft.
Maintenance
Sediment shall be removed and the sediment basin restored to its original dimensions before the
sediment has filled one-half the pond’s original depth or as indicated on the plans. Sediment removed
from the basin shall be placed and stabilized so that it will not erode.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 167

Example of a Sediment Basin
Figure Appendix B- 3 Example of a Sediment Basin
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 168

10. Sediment Barriers - Silt Fence
Sediment barriers shall intercept sheet flow runoff from denuded areas. Sediment barriers, such as silt
fences, shall protect adjacent properties and water resources form sediment transported by sheet flow.
Sediment barriers must be installed within 7 days of the first grubbing or grading within the control area.
Description
Silt fence is a sediment-trapping practice utilizing a geotextile fence to cause sediment deposition. Silt
fence reduces transport of sediment by slowing runoff and dissipating concentrated flow into uniform
sheet flow.
Applicability
Silt fence is only appropriate for small drainage areas on relatively flat slopes or around small storage
piles. Silt fence is not suitable where runoff is concentrated in a ditch, pipe or streambed. Combination
barriers constructed of silt fence supported by wire mesh or straw bales and silt fence embedded within
rock check dams may be effective within small channels.
Design Guidelines
Level Contour
Silt fence shall be placed on the level contour of the land so that flows are dissipated into uniform sheet
flow. Silt fence should never concentrate runoff, which will result if it is placed up and down slopes rather
than on the level contour.
Flow Around Ends
To prevent water ponded by the silt fence from flowing around the ends, each end shall be constructed
upslope so that the ends are at a higher elevation.
Vegetation
Vegetation shall be preserved several feet in front and behind the silt fence where possible. Vegetation
has the effect of dissipating flow energies and enhancing sediment deposition.
Seams
Seams between sections of silt fence shall be overlapped with the end stakes of each section wrapped
together before driving into the ground.
Maintenance
Silt fence shall allow runoff to pass only as diffuse flow through the geotextile fabric. If runoff overtops
the silt fence, flows under or around the ends, or in any other way becomes a concentrated flow, one of
the following shall be performed, as appropriate: 1) The layout of the silt fence shall be changed, 2)
Accumulated sediment shall be removed, 3) Other practices shall be installed.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 169

Example of Silt Fence Installation
Figure Appendix B- 4 Example of Silt Fence Installation
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 170

11. Storm Sewer Inlet Protection
Description
All storm sewer inlets that accept water runoff from the development area shall be protected so that
sediment-laden water will not enter the storm sewer system without first being treated to remove
sediment, unless the storm sewer system drains to a settling facility.
When working properly, inlet protection will slow runoff and may cause water to pond. When used on
curb inlets, streets can temporarily flood during heavy storms. Consult with local reviewing agency
before installing curb inlet protection.
Applicability
Inlet protection essentially clogs storm drain inlets. The effect on the site’s drainage that will result from
blocking storm drain inlets must be considered. This practice is not recommended as the primary
means of sediment control. It should only be used if it is not possible to divert the runoff away from the
storm drain inlets.
Design Guidelines
Frame
A wooden frame shall be constructed of 2 X 4 in. construction grade lumber. For inlets in swales, ditch
lines and yards, the posts shall be driven 1 ft. into the ground at all four corners. For curb inlets, the end
spacers shall be a minimum of 1 ft. beyond both ends of the throat opening.
Wire Mesh
Wire mesh shall be of sufficient strength to support the geotextile cloth with water fully impounded
against it. It shall be stretched tightly around the frame and fastened securely to the frame.
Geotextile Cloth
The Geotextile cloth shall have an equivalent opening size (EOS) of 20-40 sieve and be resistant to
sunlight. For inlets in swales, ditch lines, and yards, the geotextile shall extend from the top of the frame
to 18 in. below the inlet elevation. For curb inlets the cloth shall be a continuous piece, with a minimum
width of 30 in. and 4 ft. longer than the throat length of the inlet (2 ft. on each side).
Rock
For curb inlets, two-inch stone shall be placed over the wire mesh and geotextile in such a manner as to
prevent sediment-laden water from entering the inlet under or around the geotextile.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 171

Examples of Inlet Protection Techniques
Figure Appendix B- 5 Examples of Inlet Protection Techniques
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 172

12. Construction Access Routes
Description
A stabilized mat of aggregate underlain with filter cloth shall be located at any point where traffic will be
entering or leaving a construction site or from a public right-of-way, street, alley, or parking area.
Individual lots shall have their own drive once construction on the lot begins.
Applicability
A construction entrance shall be used:
• Where construction vehicles leave active construction areas onto surfaces,
• Where runoff is not intercepted by sediment controls,
• At all points of egress from the construction site to public roads, and
• Where frequent vehicle and equipment ingress/egress is expected.
Design Guidelines
Bedding
A geotextile cloth shall be placed over the entire area prior to placing stone. It shall have Grab Tensile
Strength of at least 200 lbs. and Mullen Burst Strength of at least 190 lbs.
Stone
Two-inch stone shall be used, or recycled concrete equivalent. The stone layer shall be at least 6 in.
thick.
Length – Width
The construction entrance shall be as long as required to stabilize high traffic areas, but not less than 50
ft. (for single residence lots a 30 ft. minimum length applies). The entrance shall be at least 10 ft. wide,
but not less than the full width at which ingress/egress occurs.
Culvert
A pipe or culvert shall be placed under the entrance if needed to prevent surface water form flowing
across the entrance or from being directed onto a public road.
Water Bar
A water bar shall be constructed as part of the construction entrance if needed to prevent surface runoff
form flowing the length of the construction entrance and out onto public roads or existing paved
surfaces.
Maintenance
Top dressing of additional stone shall be applied as conditions demand. Mud spilled, dropped, washed,
or tracked onto public roads, or any surface where runoff is not intercepted by sediment controls, shall
be removed immediately. Removal shall be achieved by scraping or sweeping.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 173

Example of Construction Entrance
Figure Appendix B- 6 Example of Construction Entrance
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
13. Working In or Crossing Streams
Streams, including bed and banks, shall be re-stabilized immediately after in-channel work is completed,
interrupted, or stopped. To the extent practicable, construction vehicles shall be kept out of streams.
Where in-channel work is necessary, precautions shall be taken to stabilize the work area during
construction to minimize erosion.
If construction vehicles must cross a live (wet) stream regularly during construction, a temporary stream
crossing shall be provided.
Description
A stream crossing provided construction traffic temporary access across a stream, while reducing the
amount of disturbance and sediment pollution. There are three typical kinds of stream crossings:
bridges, culverts, and fords. The type chosen for each application will depend on site characteristics.
Applicability
These structures create a channel constriction, which can cause flow backups or washouts during
periods of high flow. They should be planned to be in service for the shortest practical period of time and
be removed as soon as possible. The design guidelines pertain primarily to the environmental impacts of
stream crossings. From a safety stand point, the designer must also ensure the crossing is capable of
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 174

withstanding the expected loads form heavy equipment. The designer must also be aware that such
structures are subject to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for in-stream
modifications (A Section 404 permit may be required).
Design Guidelines
Bridge
Bridges are preferable to the other types of stream crossings because they cause the least disturbance
to the stream. Bridges are most applicable for narrow, deep channels such as small streams and
drainage ditches.
Culvert
Culvert stream crossings are most suitable for wide-stream channels and for traffic that is too heavy for
a bridge crossing. No other fill than clean stone free from soil shall be placed within the stream channel.
In streams with spawning fish, culvert crossings should not be constructed between March 15 and June
15.
14. Ford
Fords may be used where very little construction traffic is anticipated. Fords should NOT be used to
cross deep channels with stream banks greater than 4 ft high. No other fill than clean stone free from
soil shall be placed within the stream channel. In streams with spawning fish, fords should not be
constructed between March 15 and June 15.
Crossing Location
Stream crossings shall be constructed where they will cause the least disturbance to the channel and
surrounding vegetation. Good locations are straight, shallow sections.
Crossing Alignment
Stream crossings should be made perpendicular (90°) to the channel to minimize the length of channel
disturbed. Crossings deviating up to 30° from perpendicular are acceptable as long as they minimize
channel disturbance.
Width of Crossing
Stream crossings shall be made as narrow as practical to minimize channel and bank disturbance.
Approach
The approach to the stream crossing shall not direct sediment-laden runoff to the stream. Runoff shall
be diverted with water bars or sediment barriers as needed to prevent sediment-laden runoff from
reaching the stream.
Removal and Stabilization
To minimize disturbance and obstructions, all temporary crossings and other structures shall be
removed as soon as they are no longer needed. A small amount of clean stone and rock may be left in
the stream when removing it would cause more disturbance than leaving it in place. The streambanks
must be stabilized, ideally with woody vegetation and should meet the Buffer requirements of Chapter 7
(Buffer Areas).
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 175

Maintenance
Mud spilled, dropped, washed, or tracked onto the crossings, shall be removed immediately. Removal
shall be achieved by scraping or sweeping. For culvert crossings, a top dressing of additional stone shall
be applied as conditions demand.
Examples of Stream Crossings
Figure Appendix B- 7 Example of Stream Crossings - Temporary Access Bridge
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 176

Figure Appendix B- 8 Example of Stream Crossings - Culvert Stream Crossing
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 177

Figure Appendix B- 9 Example of Stream Crossings - Temporary Stream Ford
Source: Mecklenburg, Dan, Rainwater and Land Development, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1996.
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 178

Appendix C:
Documents Recommended for Adoption by Local
Agencies
______________________________________________
This introduction is adapted from the Lucas County and 9 Joint Permittees, Stormwater Management
Plan, March 1, 2003.
Executive Summary
Twenty-four political jurisdictions in Lucas and Wood counties are required to submit a stormwater
management plan (SWMP) in accordance with 40 CFR Part 122.32 and Ohio Law. Lucas County and
nine joint permittees filed a joint SWMP, and the other permittees have individual SWMPs. The SWMP
outlines programs to develop, implement and enforce a stormwater management program designed to
reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable, to protect water quality, and to
satisfy the appropriate requirements of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in accordance with the Ohio EPA
Phase II program. The SWMP addresses the six minimum control measures as required by state
regulations. The plan also identifies the jurisdiction’s legal authority to implement the general permit. The
Notices of Intent (NOI) and SWMPs were submitted to Ohio EPA in 2003.
Legal Authority
Municipalities or townships will adopt ordinances or resolutions that will provide them with authority to
control the amount and the quality of separate stormwater discharge to storm drainage systems. These
authorities address both industrial and municipal discharges.
Permit Coverage Area
Each political jurisdiction of the Toledo urbanized area is responsible for developing and implementing a
SWMP. The Lucas County Consortium stormwater management plan traverses seven townships and
two villages within the County limits. The County has a population of 76,336 residents based on the
2000 census within townships and villages named for Phase II permit coverage, and 520 miles of
County and Township Roads and numerous stormwater outfalls discharging to the waters of the state.
Remaining jurisdictions submitted individual SWMPs.
Reporting Requirements
Each SWMP jurisdiction is required to report annually during the first term of the permit cycle; the Lucas
County Consortium submits a report representing all its member jurisdictions. The report will include the
status of compliance with the permit conditions, an assessment of the appropriateness of the BMPs and
progress towards achieving the measurable goals for each of the six minimum control measures. A
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summary of the activities the jurisdiction(s) will undertake during the reporting cycle and any changes to
BMPs or measurable goals and all relevant data (monitoring) obtained during the reporting period.
The Lucas County Stormwater Management Plan and the Stormwater Management Standards Manual
recommends three model documents for the improvement of water quality for adoption by local
communities:
1. Erosion and Sediment Control Rules
2. Riparian Setbacks
3. Conservation Development
These documents are related to zoning issues within village, city communities and townships, not the
county. Therefore, townships would adopt these documents as resolutions and the villages and cities
adopt the documents as ordinances.
The three documents provided are models for local agencies to refine to their community ideals for the
protection of water quality. Sediment and soil erosion contribute to degraded water quality, while the
protection of the riparian vegetation along the waterways works to protect and buffer those streams from
erosion. Protecting a riparian setback along a waterway also provides habitat and corridors for wildlife
protection.
The document on Conservation Development offers an option for communities to proceed with
development, yet work to protect open areas for green space and recreation.
We ask for your participation to protect and enhance water quality with responsible management of
stormwater. We all depend on clean water for our drinking water source, recreation, and industrial use.
Every drop counts.
Model Language Documents
In following with the guidance of the regional stormwater management plans and the Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the guidance of the Clean Water Act, for water quality
management, model documents are provided for area communities.
Many communities in Northwest Ohio are affected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) Phase II Stormwater Regulations. The area jurisdictions have responded by submitting
stormwater management plans to Ohio EPA based on regional model documents provided for that
specific reason. There are also communities and jurisdictions guided by the act of responsibility for
water quality that choose to adopt local ordinances for water quality protection.
Jurisdictions have reported in stormwater management plans the intent to adopt local ordinance
language for the protection and responsible management of local land use and water resource
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 180

protection. Water quality management under the Clean Water Act contains legal planning for local
community waterways and the waterways of our nation.
Many communities across Ohio have adopted ordinances to manage stormwater by controlling erosion
and sediment pollution (non-point source) as well as protecting waterways by adopting Riparian
ordinances for vegetative protection and wildlife habitat along local waterways.
Responsible local action may be accomplished by adopting ordinances to meet water quality measures
recommended by the stormwater management plans. The Conservation Development document in
Appendix C is provided to jurisdictions to allow the flexibility of choice in water quality management.
Jurisdictions may choose between adopting the Riparian model or the Conservation Development model
as the responsible selection for that jurisdiction.
Model Language Documents are provided in Appendix C to assist area communities in northwest Ohio
to define and adopt water management ordinances. Model language is provided as a guideline resource
for communities. The model documents are intended for review and revision by legal authorities of
the jurisdiction.
Model Language Document provided:
1. Riparian Resolution for Townships
2. Riparian Ordinance for Municipality (Village or City)
3. Conservation Development (Residential) Resolution for Townships
4. Conservation Development (Residential) Ordinance for Municipality (Village or City)
Third Edition Stormwater Standards Manual September 2008 Page 181

Riparian Resolution for Township
RIPARIAN RESOLUTION FOR TOWNSHIP
Riparian Resolution No.________ of the Township of ___________
Date: _______________
An Amended Substitute Resolution creating and enacting Title ____ of Chapter ____ of the Resolutions
of the Township of ______________ establishing Riparian Setbacks within the County of __________.
Whereas, flooding and stream bank erosion is a threat to public health and safety and public and private
property within the watersheds in the Township of _____________. Vegetated riparian areas lessen the
damage from such flooding by slowing runoff, enabling water to soak into the ground, and by absorbing
excess flow during flood events; and,
Whereas, Article _____, Section ____ of the Ohio Law grants the Township of __________, the
legal authority to adopt land use and control measures for promoting the peace, health, safety, and
general welfare of its citizens.
Whereas, 40 C.F.R. Parts 9, 122, 123, and 124 referred to as NPDES (National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System) Storm Water Phase II, require designated communities, including the
Township of __________ to develop policies and resolutions which protect riparian areas.
THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the elected Trustees of the Township of
__________ in the County of ______, State of Ohio,
SECTION 1: That Title _____ of Chapter ____ of the Resolutions of the Township of __________
establishing Riparian Setbacks within the County of _____ read as follows:
SECTION ___.01: PUBLIC PURPOSE
A. It is hereby determined that the system of streams within the Township of __________ contributes
to the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the Township of __________. The
method of implementing this resolution is by controlling uses and developments within a Riparian
Setback that would impair the ability of the riparian area to:
1. Reduce flood impacts by absorbing peak flows, slowing the velocity of floodwaters and
regulating base flow.
2. Stabilize the banks of streams to reduce bank erosion and the downstream transport of
sediments eroded from stream banks.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
3. Reduce pollutants in streams during periods of high flows by filtering, settling and
transforming pollutants already present in streams and in removing pollutants before they
reach the stream.
4. Provide areas for natural meandering and lateral movement of stream channels.
5. Reduce the presence of aquatic nuisance species to maintain diverse and connected
riparian vegetation.
6. Provide high quality stream habitats with shade and food to a wide array of wildlife by
maintaining diverse and connected riparian vegetation.
7. Minimize encroachment on stream channels and reduce the need for costly engineering
solutions such as dams and riprap, to protect structures and reduce property damage and
threats to the safety of watershed residents, contribute to the scenic beauty and to the
environment of the Township of _________, the quality of life of the residents of the
Township of _________ and corresponding property values.
8. Provide access-ways for the maintenance of waterways.
SECTION ___.02: APPLICABILITY, COMPLIANCE, AND VIOLATIONS
A. The provisions of this title shall apply to all lands within unincorporated areas that are within the
jurisdiction of the Township of __________ and designated streams that border.
B. No preliminary plan, building, or zoning approvals shall be issued by the Township of __________
without full compliance with the terms of these regulations where applicable.
C. Any person or organization who violates Section ___.07 of the Resolution shall be guilty of a minor
misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to punishment as provided in Section
_____of the Resolutions of the Township of __________ and shall be required to restore the
Riparian Setback through a plan approved by the local SWCD.
D. The provisions of ____.07 of this title may be enforced through civil or criminal proceedings
brought by the Local Prosecutor on behalf of the Township of __________.
E. The applicable County Building Inspector may issue stop work orders on any site which is violating
the provisions of these regulations.
SECTION ___.03: CONFLICTS WITH OTHER REGULATIONS AND SEVERABILITY
A. Where this Resolution imposes a greater restriction upon land than is imposed or required by any
other provision of law, regulation, contract or deed, the provisions of this Resolution shall control.
B. These regulations shall not limit or restrict the application of other provisions of law, regulation,
contract, or deed, or the legal remedies available there under, except as provided in point “A” of
this section.
C. If any clause, section, or provision of these regulations is declared invalid or unconstitutional by a
court of competent jurisdiction, validity of the remainder shall not be affected thereby.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
SECTION ___.04: DEFINITIONS
1. APPLICANT: The developing individual or group of individuals charged with submitting
development plans to either the Local Zoning Inspector, the Office of the County Engineer or
County Building Regulations.
2. BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs): Conservation practices or protection measures
which reduce impacts from a particular land use. Best Management Practices for construction are
outlined in “Rainwater and Land Development, Ohio’s Standard for Stormwater Management,
Land Development, and Urban Stream Protection” prepared by the Ohio Department of Natural
Resources. A local document of Best Management Practices can be found in the Stormwater
Management Standards Manual, 2nd Edition, 2006 developed by the Storm Water Coalition of
TMACOG and the Maumee River RAP Urban Runoff Action Group.
3. BUILDING PERMIT: A permit obtained from the County Building Regulations prior to the
construction of commercial structures or residential dwellings.
4. DAMAGED OR DISEASED TREES: Trees that have split trunk, broken tops, heart rot, insect or
fungus problems that will lead to imminent death, undercut root systems that put the tree in
imminent danger of falling, lean as a result of root failure that puts the tree in imminent danger of
falling, or any other condition that puts the tree in imminent danger of being uprooted or falling into
or along a stream or onto a structure.
5. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA): The agency with overall
responsibility for administering the National Flood Insurance Program.
6. FINAL PLAT: A revised version of the preliminary drawing showing exact locations of lot lines,
rights-of-way, easements and dedicated areas. The final plat is recorded in the Office of the
County Recorder.
7. GRASSY SWALE: A small, ephemeral swale that conveys stormwater to a ditch or natural stream.
8. IMPERVIOUS COVER: Any surface that cannot effectively absorb or infiltrate water. This may
include roads, streets, parking lots, rooftops, sidewalks and other areas not covered by vegetation.
9. NOXIOUS WEED: Any plant defined as a “noxious weed and rank vegetation” as documented by
Ohio Law.
10. OHIO RAPID ASSESSMENT METHOD: A multi-parameter qualitative index established by the
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate wetland quality and function.
11. 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN: Any land susceptible to being inundated by water from a base flood,
which is the flood that has a one percent or greater chance of being equaled or exceeded in any
given year. For the purposes of these regulations, the 100-year floodplain shall be defined by
FEMA or a site-specific floodplain delineation in and approved by the County Building Regulations.
12. ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK: The point of the bank or shore to which the presence and
action of surface water is so continuous as to leave a distinct mark by erosion, destruction or
prevention of woody terrestrial vegetation, predominance of aquatic vegetation or other easily
recognized characteristic. The ordinary high water mark defines the channel of a stream.
13. QUALIFIED WETLAND PROFESSIONAL: A consultant or individual who has extensive
experience in delineating wetland areas.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
14. PLANNING COMMISSION: The County Plans Commission.
15. POLLUTION: Any contamination or alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of
any waters that will render the waters harmful or detrimental to: public health, safety or welfare;
domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses;
livestock, wildlife, including birds, fish or other aquatic life.
• “POINT SOURCE” pollution is traceable to a discrete point or pipe.
• “NON-POINT SOURCE” pollution is generated by various land use activities rather than from an
identifiable or discrete source, and is conveyed to waterways through natural processes, such as
rainfall, storm runoff, or ground water seepage rather than direct discharge.
16. PRELIMINARY PLAN: A drawing of a development for the purpose of plan commission or
boarding zone of appeals approval.
17. RIPARIAN AREA: A transitional area between flowing water and terrestrial ecosystems, which
provides a continuous exchange of nutrients and woody debris between land and water. This area
is at least periodically influenced by flooding. Riparian areas, if appropriately sized and managed,
help to stabilize banks, limit erosion, reduce flood size flows and/ or filter and settle out runoff
pollutants, or perform other functions consistent with the purposes of these regulations.
18. RIPARIAN SETBACK: The area set back from each bank of a stream to protect the riparian area
and stream from impacts of development, and streamside residents from impacts of flooding and
land loss through erosion. Riparian Setbacks are those lands within the County of ________ that
fall within the area defined by the criteria set forth in these regulations.
19. ROADSIDE DITCH: A manmade drainage ditch located immediately adjacent to and parallel with
a roadway and which primarily conveys drainage from the roadway and fronting properties.
20. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT (SWCD): An entity organized under Chapter
1515 of the Ohio Revised Code referring to either the Soil and Water Conservation District Board
or its designated employees, hereinafter referred to as the local SWCD.
21. SOIL DISTURBING ACTIVITY: Clearing, grading, excavating, filling or other alteration of the
earth’s surface where natural or human made ground cover is destroyed and which may result in,
or contribute to, erosion and sediment pollution.
22. STREAM: A surface watercourse with a well-defined bed and bank, either natural or artificial,
which confines and conducts continuous or periodical flowing water (ORC 6105.01) in such a way
that terrestrial vegetation cannot take over establish roots within the channel.
23. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP): The plan that describes all the
elements of the stormwater strategy implemented during and after construction. The plan
addresses erosion control and abatement of excess stormwater runoff quality.
24. STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT: The removal of pollutants from urban runoff and
improvement of water quality, accomplished largely by deposition and utilizing the benefits of
natural processes.
25. VARIANCE: A modification of the enforcement of the Riparian Setback Resolution which will not
be contrary to the public interest and where, due to conditions peculiar to this property and not the
result of the action of the applicant, a literal enforcement of the resolution would result in undue
hardship to the applicant.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
26. WATERCOURSE: A natural or artificial waterway, such as a stream or river, with a defined bed
and channel and a definite direction of course that is contained within, flows through, or borders
the community.
27. WATERSHED: An area of land that drains into a particular watercourse, usually divided by
topography.
28. WETLANDS: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps,
marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
29. WETLANDS, Category 2: means a medium quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio
Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-54(c) of the Ohio EPA.
30. WETLANDS, Category 3: means a high quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio
Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-54(c) of the Ohio EPA.
SECTION ___.05: ESTABLISHMENT OF A RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Streams addressed by this resolution are those which meet the definition of “stream” in Section
___.04 of these regulations and appear or are indicated on at least one of the following maps:
1. USGS topographical map.
2. County Riparian Setback map.
3. Soils maps located in the Soil Survey for ___________ County, Ohio, USDA, NRCS.
B. Widths of setbacks are measured as horizontal map distance outward from the ordinary high water
mark on each side of a stream, and are established as follows:
1. A minimum of 300 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 300 square
miles.
2. A minimum of 100 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 20 square
miles and up to 300 square miles.
3. A minimum of 40 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than three square
miles (>1920 acres) and up to 20 square miles.
4. A minimum of 30 feet on each side of all streams draining an area less than three square
miles (

Riparian Resolution for Township
1. Where the 100-year floodplain is wider than the Riparian Setback on either or both sides of
the stream, the Riparian Setback shall be extended to the outer edge of the 100-year
floodplain.
2. Because the gradient of the riparian corridor significantly influences impacts on the stream,
the following adjustment for steep slopes shall be added to the setback distances
established in Section 957.03 C.
Average Percent Slope Width of Setback
15% - 20% Add 25 feet
21% - 25% Add 50 feet
> 25% Add 100 feet
Average streambank slope is to be calculated using methodology outlined in the “Ohio
Supplement to Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release Number 55 (TR-
55)” by USDA, NRCS.
3. Where wetlands protected under federal or state law are identified within the Riparian
Setback, the Riparian Setback shall consist of the full extent of the wetlands plus the
following additional setback widths:
a. A 120-foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 3 wetlands
b. A 75-foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 2 wetlands
c. No additional setback will be required adjacent to Category 1 wetlands.
4. Wetlands shall be delineated by a qualified professional under guidelines established by the
US Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the site
delineation approved by the appropriate agencies. All wetland delineations shall also include
the latest version of the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for wetland evaluation approved at
the time of application of the regulations.
E. The applicant shall be responsible for delineating the Riparian Setback, including any expansions
or modifications as required by B through D of this section, and identifying this setback on all
preliminary plans, land development plans, and/or building permit applications. This delineation
shall be done at the time of submission of the preliminary plans, and or all plans for building permit
or other permit applications. This delineation shall be subject to review and approval by the local
SWCD. As the result of this review, the local SWCD may require further studies from the applicant,
including a floodplain study of waterway.
F. Prior to any soil disturbing activity, the Riparian Setback shall be clearly delineated with
construction fencing or other suitable material by the landowner applicant on site, and such
delineation shall be maintained throughout soil-disturbing activities. The delineated area shall be
maintained in an undisturbed state unless otherwise permitted by these regulations. All fencing
shall be removed when a development project is completed.
G. Upon completion of an approved subdivision, the Riparian Setback shall be permanently recorded
on the final plat records for the County of ________.
SECTION ___.06: USES PERMITTED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. The following uses are permitted within the Riparian Setbacks without prior approval.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
1. Recreational Activity. Passive recreational uses, as permitted by federal, state, and local
laws, such as hiking, non-motorized bicycling, fishing, hunting, picnicking and similar uses
and associated structures including boardwalks, pathways, boat docks and ramps
constructed of pervious material, picnic tables, and wildlife viewing areas.
2. Removal of Damaged or Diseased Trees. Damaged or diseased trees may be removed.
Because of the potential for felled logs and branches to damage downstream properties
and/or block ditches or otherwise exacerbate flooding, logs and branches resulting from the
removal of damaged or diseased trees that are greater than 6 inches in diameter, shall be
anchored to the shore or removed from the 100-year floodplain.
3. Revegetation and/or Reforestation. Species of shrubs and vines recommended for
stabilizing flood prone areas along streams within the Township are listed with the local
SWCD.
4. The Township of __________ and the County Engineer maintains the right of access to all
streams within the County of ________ for the purposes outlined in the Ohio Revised Code,
Sections 6131.01 to 6131.64, 6133.01 to 6133.15, 6135.01 to 6135.27, and 6137.05.1.
B. The following uses are permitted by right within the Riparian Setbacks with prior approval of the
design.
1. Stream bank Stabilization/Erosion Control Measures. Best Management Practices (BMP’s)
for stream bank stabilization or erosion control may be allowed if such practices are within
permitted uses by the local, state, and federal government regulations and are ecologically
compatible and emphasize the use of natural materials and native plant species where
practical and available. Such stream bank stabilization/ erosion control practices shall only
be undertaken upon approval of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP or SW3P)
by the local SWCD.
2. Stream crossings.
a. Crossings of streams through the Riparian Setback by vehicles, storm by vehicles and
public utility lines will be per the approval of local, county, and state governing
agencies and as a part of the regular subdivision process.
b. One driveway crossing per stream per tax parcel will be allowed for individual
landowners.
c. Roadway crossings shall be designed and constructed per the Local Zoning
Commission, County Engineer’s design standards and as approved by the County
Plans Commission and approving township. If more than two crossings per 1,000
linear feet of stream center is required for these areas, the applicant must apply for a
variance.
3. Placement of stormwater retention or detention facilities may be considered within the
Riparian Setback if stormwater quality treatment is consistent with state standards (most
current version of the Ohio EPA general construction permit):
SECTION ___.07: USES PROHIBITED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Structures. There shall be no structures of any kind except as permitted under these regulations.
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Riparian Resolution for Township
B. Dredging or Dumping. There shall be no drilling for petroleum or mineral products, mining activity,
filling or dredging of soil, spoils, or any material—natural or man-made—except as permitted under
these regulations.
C. Roads or Driveways. There shall be no roads or driveways, except as permitted under these
regulations.
D. Motorized Vehicles. There shall be no use of motorized vehicles of any kind, except as permitted
under these regulations.
E. Modification of Natural Vegetation. Modification of the natural vegetation shall be limited to
conservation maintenance that the landowner deems necessary to control noxious weeds; for
plantings consistent with these regulations; for disturbances approved under these regulations;
and for the passive enjoyment, access and maintenance of landscaping or lawns existing at the
time of passage of these regulations.
F. Impervious Surfaces. There shall be no parking lots or other human made impervious cover,
except as permitted under these regulations.
SECTION ___.08: NON-CONFORMING STRUCTURES OR USES IN THE RIPARIAN
SETBACK
A. Structures and uses within the Riparian Setback, existing at the time of passage of these
regulations, that are not permitted under these regulations may be continued but shall not be
expanded except as set forth in this title.
B. If damaged or destroyed, these structures or uses may be repaired or restored within two years
from the date of damage /destruction or the adoption of these regulations, whichever is later, at the
property owners own risk.
C. A residential structure or use within the Riparian Setback existing at the time of passage of these
regulations may be expanded subject to the provisions of 1 through 3 below:
1. The expansion conforms to existing zoning regulations.
2. The expansion must not impact the stream channel or the 100-year flood plain. Consult with
the local SWCD for approval.
3. The expansion must not exceed an area of 15% of the total footprint of existing structure or
use that lies within the Riparian Setback. Expansions exceeding 15% of the total footprint
within the Riparian Setback must be obtained through the variance process.
D. Non-residential structure or use expansions will be permitted only through the variance process.
SECTION ___.09: BOUNDARY INTERPRETATION AND APPEALS PROCEDURE
A. When an applicant disputes the boundary of the Riparian Setback or the ordinary high water mark
of a stream, the landowner or applicant shall submit evidence to the local SWCD that describes
the boundary, presents the landowner or applicant’s proposed boundary and presents all
justification for the proposed boundary change.
B. The local SWCD shall evaluate all materials submitted and shall make a written recommendation
to the Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the County Plan Commission(s) within a reasonable
period of time not to exceed 45 days. A copy of this recommendation shall be submitted to the
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Riparian Resolution for Township
applicant. If during this evaluation the local SWCD requires further information to complete this
evaluation, he or she may be required to provide this information.
C. The Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the County Plans Commission shall decide such
boundary disputes. The party contesting the location of the Riparian Setback or the ordinary high
water mark of the streams as determined by these regulations shall have the burden of proof in
case of any such appeal.
SECTION ___.10: VARIANCES WITHIN RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Applications for variances to the provisions of this title shall be submitted as provided in items one
and two indicated below:
1. In Townships which have adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, applications for
variances shall be submitted to the Township Board of Zoning Appeals.
2. In Townships which have not adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, and do not
have their own riparian setback regulations, applications for variances shall be submitted to
the County Plans Commission.
B. The Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the County Plans Commission, shall consult with
representatives from the local SWCD; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Natural Areas; the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water; the County
Engineer; the County Health Department; or other technical experts as necessary to consider
variance requests.
C. No variances shall be granted for expansion of the following structures or uses:
1. Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell petroleum-based products or any hazardous
materials. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: asphalt plants, dry cleaners, gasoline
service stations, and road maintenance facilities.
2. Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell products which may contribute higher than
acceptable concentrations of dissolved or particulate matter to stormwater runoff around the
facility. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: landfills or transfer stations, junk yards,
recycling facilities, quarries and borrow pits, sand and gravel extraction operations, and road
salt storage barns.
D. In reviewing whether to grant variances, the Township Board of Zoning Appeals or the County
Plans Commission shall consider the following:
1. The purpose and intent of the setback alteration, exceptional circumstances, undue
hardship, and the extent of the alteration.
SECTION ___.11: INSPECTION OF RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. The applicant shall notify the local SWCD and Building Inspector at least 7 days prior to land
disturbing activities. The local SWCD and Building Inspector may enter the affected parcels from
time to time to conduct on-site inspections to ensure compliance with this regulation.
B. The Riparian Setback shall also be inspected annually or as time permits by the local SWCD or
approved monitoring entity for compliance with any approvals under these regulations or at any
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Riparian Resolution for Township
time evidence is brought to the attention of the local SWCD that uses or structures are occurring
that may reasonably be expected to violate the provisions of these regulations.
Provided this resolution receives the affirmative vote of members, it shall take effect and be in
force at the earliest time provided by law.
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Riparian Resolution for Municipality
RIPARIAN ORDINANCE FOR MUNICIPALITY
(VILLAGE OR CITY)
Riparian Ordinance No. ________ of the Municipality of (Village or City)
__________________
Date: _______________
An Amended Substitute Ordinance creating and enacting Title _____ of Chapter ____ of the Codified
Ordinances of the Municipality of (Village or City)___________ establishing Riparian Setbacks within
the Municipality of (Village or City ___________.
Whereas, flooding and stream bank erosion is a threat to public health and safety and public and private
property within the watersheds in the Municipality of (Village or City), Ohio. Vegetated riparian areas
lessen the damage from such flooding by slowing runoff, enabling water to soak into the ground, and by
absorbing excess flow during flood events; and,
Whereas, Article _____, Section _____ of the Ohio Law grants the Municipality of (Village or
City)____________, as the legal authority to adopt land use and control measures for promoting the
peace, health, safety, and general welfare of its citizens.
Whereas, 40 C.F.R. Parts 9, 122, 123, and 124 referred to as NPDES (National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System) Storm Water Phase II, require designated communities, including the
Municipality of (Village or City) __________ to develop policies and ordinances which protect riparian
areas.
THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Council of the Municipality of (Village or City)
__________ of the State of Ohio,
SECTION 1: That Title ____ of Chapter ____ of the Codified Ordinances of the Municipality of (Village or
City) ________________ establishing Riparian Setbacks within the State of Ohio read as follows:
SECTION ___.01: PUBLIC PURPOSE
A. It is hereby determined that the system of streams within the Municipality of (Village or City)
___________
B. Contributes to the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the Municipality of (Village or
City) __________. The method of implementing this ordinance is by controlling uses and developments
within a Riparian Setback that would impair the ability of the riparian area to:
1. Reduce flood impacts by absorbing peak flows, slowing the velocity of floodwaters and
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Riparian Resolution for Municipality
regulating base flow.
2. Stabilize the banks of streams to reduce bank erosion and the downstream transport of
sediments eroded from stream banks.
3. Reduce pollutants in streams during periods of high flows by filtering, settling and
transforming pollutants already present in streams and in removing pollutants before they
reach the stream.
4. Provide areas for natural meandering and lateral movement of stream channels.
5. Reduce the presence of aquatic nuisance species to maintain diverse and connected
riparian vegetation.
6. Provide high quality stream habitats with shade and food to a wide array of wildlife by
maintaining diverse and connected riparian vegetation.
7. Minimize encroachment on stream channels and reduce the need for costly engineering
solutions such as dams and riprap, to protect structures and reduce property damage and
threats to the safety of watershed residents, contribute to the scenic beauty and to the
environment of the Municipality, the quality of life of the residents of the Municipality and
corresponding property values.
8. Provide access-ways for the maintenance of waterways.
SECTION ___.02: APPLICABILITY, COMPLIANCE, AND VIOLATIONS
A. The provisions of this title shall apply to all lands within incorporated and/or unincorporated areas
that are within the jurisdiction of the Municipality and designated streams that border.
B. No preliminary plan, building, or zoning approvals shall be issued by the (Local Planning
Commission) without full compliance with the terms of these regulations where applicable.
C. Any person or organization who violates Section _____ of the (Local Law) shall be guilty of a minor
misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to punishment as provided in Section
_____ of the (Local Law) of the Municipality and shall be required to restore the Riparian Setback
through a plan approved by the local SWCD.
D. The provisions of _____ this title _____may be enforced through civil or criminal proceedings
brought by the Local Prosecutor on behalf of the Municipality.
E. The Local Planning Commission may issue stop work orders on any site which is violating the
provisions of these regulations.
SECTION ___.03: CONFLICTS WITH OTHER REGULATIONS AND SEVERABILITY
A. Where this ordinance imposes a greater restriction upon land than is imposed or required by any
other provision of law, regulation, contract or deed, the provisions of this ordinance shall control.
B. These regulations shall not limit or restrict the application of other provisions of law, regulation,
contract, or deed, or the legal remedies available there under, except as provided in point “A” of
this section.
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Riparian Resolution for Municipality
C. If any clause, section, or provision of these regulations is declared invalid or unconstitutional by a
court of competent jurisdiction, validity of the remainder shall not be affected thereby.
SECTION ___.04: DEFINITIONS
1. APPLICANT: The developing individual or group of individuals charged with submitting
development plans to either the Office of the Local Planning Commission, Zoning and Building
Regulations.
2. BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs): Conservation practices or protection measures
which reduce impacts from a particular land use. Best Management Practices for construction are
outlined in “Rainwater and Land Development, Ohio’s Standard for Stormwater Management, Land
Development, and Urban Stream Protection” prepared by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. A
local document of Best Management Practices can be found in the Stormwater Management
Standards Manual, 2nd Edition, 2006 developed by the Storm Water Coalition of TMACOG and the
Maumee River RAP Urban Runoff Action Group.
3. BUILDING PERMIT: A permit obtained from the Local Planning Commission prior to the
construction of commercial structures or residential dwellings.
4. DAMAGED OR DISEASED TREES: Trees that have split trunk, broken tops, heart rot, insect or
fungus problems that will lead to imminent death, undercut root systems that put the tree in imminent
danger of falling, lean as a result of root failure that puts the tree in imminent danger of falling, or any
other condition that puts the tree in imminent danger of being uprooted or falling into or along a stream
or onto a structure.
5. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA): The agency with overall
responsibility for administering the National Flood Insurance Program.
6. FINAL PLAT: A revised version of the preliminary drawing showing exact locations of lot lines,
rights-of-way, easements and dedicated areas. The final plat is recorded in the Office of the County
Recorder.
7. GRASSY SWALE: A small, ephemeral swale that conveys stormwater to a ditch or natural stream.
8. IMPERVIOUS COVER: Any surface that cannot effectively absorb or infiltrate water. This may
include roads, streets, parking lots, rooftops, sidewalks and other areas not covered by vegetation.
9. NOXIOUS WEED: Any plant defined as a “noxious weed and rank vegetation” as documented by
Ohio Law.
10. OHIO RAPID ASSESSMENT METHOD: A multi-parameter qualitative index established by the
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate wetland quality and function.
11. 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN: Any land susceptible to being inundated by water from a base flood,
which is the flood that has a one percent or greater chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given
year. For the purposes of these regulations, the 100-year floodplain shall be defined by FEMA or a sitespecific
floodplain delineation in and approved by the Local Floodplain Administrator or Local Planning
Commission.
12. ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK: The point of the bank or shore to which the presence and
action of surface water is so continuous as to leave a distinct mark by erosion, destruction or prevention
of woody terrestrial vegetation, predominance of aquatic vegetation or other easily recognized
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Riparian Resolution for Municipality
characteristic. The ordinary high water mark defines the channel of a stream.
13. QUALIFIED WETLAND PROFESSIONAL: A consultant or individual who has extensive
experience in delineating wetland areas.
14. PLANNING COMMISSION: The Local Planning Commission.
15. POLLUTION: Any contamination or alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of
any waters that will render the waters harmful or detrimental to: public health, safety or welfare;
domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses; livestock,
wildlife, including birds, fish or other aquatic life.
• “POINT SOURCE” pollution is traceable to a discrete point or pipe.
• “NON-POINT SOURCE” pollution is generated by various land use activities rather than from
an identifiable or discrete source, and is conveyed to waterways through natural processes, such
as rainfall, storm runoff, or ground water seepage rather than direct discharge.
16. PRELIMINARY PLAN: A drawing of a development for the purpose of plan commission or
boarding zone of appeals approval.
17. RIPARIAN AREA: A transitional area between flowing water and terrestrial ecosystems, which
provides a continuous exchange of nutrients and woody debris between land and water. This area is at
least periodically influenced by flooding. Riparian areas, if appropriately sized and managed, help to
stabilize banks, limit erosion, reduce flood size flows and/ or filter and settle out runoff pollutants, or
perform other functions consistent with the purposes of these regulations.
18. RIPARIAN SETBACK: The area set back from each bank of a stream to protect the riparian area
and stream from impacts of development, and streamside residents from impacts of flooding and land
loss through erosion. Riparian Setbacks are those lands within the Municipality of (Village or City) of
__________ that fall within the area defined by the criteria set forth in these regulations.
19. ROADSIDE DITCH: A manmade drainage ditch located immediately adjacent to and parallel with
a roadway and which primarily conveys drainage from the roadway and fronting properties.
20. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT (SWCD): An entity organized under Chapter
1515 of the Ohio Revised Code referring to either the Soil and Water Conservation District Board or its
designated employees, hereinafter referred to as the local SWCD.
21. SOIL DISTURBING ACTIVITY: Clearing, grading, excavating, filling or other alteration of the
earth’s surface where natural or human made ground cover is destroyed and which may result in, or
contribute to, erosion and sediment pollution.
22. STREAM: A surface watercourse with a well-defined bed and bank, either natural or artificial,
which confines and conducts continuous or periodical flowing water (ORC 6105.01) in such a way that
terrestrial vegetation cannot take over establish roots within the channel.
23. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP): The plan that describes all the
elements of the stormwater strategy implemented during and after construction. The plan addresses
erosion control and abatement of excess stormwater runoff quality.
24. STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT: The removal of pollutants from urban runoff and
improvement of water quality, accomplished largely by deposition and utilizing the benefits of natural
processes.
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Riparian Resolution for Municipality
25. VARIANCE: A modification of the enforcement of the Riparian Setback Ordinance which will not
be contrary to the public interest and where, due to conditions peculiar to this property and not the result
of the action of the applicant, a literal enforcement of the ordinance would result in undue hardship to the
applicant.
26. WATERCOURSE: A natural or artificial waterway, such as a stream or river, with a defined bed
and channel and a definite direction of course that is contained within, flows through, or borders the
community.
27. WATERSHED: An area of land that drains into a particular watercourse, usually divided by
topography.
28. WETLANDS: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps,
marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
29. WETLANDS, Category 2: means a medium quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio
Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-54© of the Ohio EPA.
30. WETLANDS, Category 3: means a high quality wetlands classification as defined in Ohio
Administrative Code (OAC) Rule 3745-1-54© of the Ohio EPA.
SECTION ___.05: ESTABLISHMENT OF A RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Streams addressed by this ordinance are those which meet the definition of “stream” in Section
___.04 of these regulations and appear or are indicated on at least one of the following maps:
1. USGS topographical map.
2. County Riparian Setback map.
3. Soils maps located in the Soil Survey for _______ County, Ohio, USDA, NRCS.
B. Widths of setbacks are measured as horizontal map distance outward from the ordinary high water
mark on each side of a stream, and are established as follows:
1. A minimum of 300 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 300 square
miles.
2. A minimum of 100 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 20 square
miles and up to 300 square miles.
3. A minimum of 40 feet on each side of all streams draining an area greater than 0.5 square
mile (320 acres) and up to 20 square miles.
4. A minimum of 30 feet on each side of all streams draining an area less than 3 square miles
(

Riparian Resolution for Municipality
1. Where the 100-year floodplain is wider than the Riparian Setback on either or both sides of
the stream, the Riparian Setback shall be extended to the outer edge of the 100-year
floodplain. Consult the local SWCD for determination.
2. Because the gradient of the riparian corridor significantly influences impacts on the stream,
the following adjustment for steep slopes shall be added to the setback distances
established in Section ___.03 C.
Average Percent Slope Width of Setback
15% - 20% Add 25 feet
21% - 25% Add 50 feet
> 25% Add 100 feet
Average streambank slope is to be calculated using methodology outlined in the “Ohio
Supplement to Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release Number 55 (TR-
55)” by USDA, NRCS.
4. Where wetlands protected under federal or state law are identified within the Riparian
Setback, the Riparian Setback shall consist of the full extent of the wetlands plus the
following additional setback widths:
a. A 120 foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 3 wetlands
b. A 75 foot setback extending beyond the outer boundary of a Category 2 wetlands
c. No additional setback will be required adjacent to Category 1 wetlands.
4. Wetlands shall be delineated by a qualified professional under guidelines established by the
US Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the site
delineation approved by the appropriate agencies. All wetland delineations shall also include
the latest version of the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for wetland evaluation approved at
the time of application of the regulations.
E. The applicant shall be responsible for delineating the Riparian Setback, including any expansions
or modifications as required by B through D of this section, and identifying this setback on all
preliminary plans, land development plans, and/or building permit applications. This delineation
shall be done at the time of submission of the preliminary plans, and or all plans for building permit
or other permit applications. This delineation shall be subject to review and approval by the local
SWCD. As the result of this review, local SWCD may require further studies from the applicant,
including a floodplain study of waterway.
F. Prior to any soil disturbing activity, the Riparian Setback shall be clearly delineated with
construction fencing or other suitable material by the landowner applicant on site, and such
delineation shall be maintained throughout soil-disturbing activities. The delineated area shall be
maintained in an undisturbed state unless otherwise permitted by these regulations. All fencing
shall be removed when a development project is completed.
G. Upon completion of an approved subdivision, the Riparian Setback shall be permanently recorded
on the final plat records for the Municipality of (Village or City) of __________.
SECTION ___.06: USES PERMITTED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. The following uses are permitted within the Riparian Setbacks without prior approval.
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1. Recreational Activity. Passive recreational uses, as permitted by federal, state, and local
laws, such as hiking, non-motorized bicycling, fishing, hunting, picnicking and similar uses
and associated structures including boardwalks, pathways, boat docks and ramps
constructed of pervious material, picnic tables, and wildlife viewing areas.
2. Removal of Damaged or Diseased Trees. Damaged or diseased trees may be removed.
Because of the potential for felled logs and branches to damage downstream properties
and/or block ditches or otherwise exacerbate flooding, logs and branches resulting from the
removal of damaged or diseased trees that are greater than 6 inches in diameter, shall be
anchored to the shore or removed from the 100-year floodplain.
3. Revegetation and/or Reforestation. Species of shrubs and vines recommended for
stabilizing flood prone areas along streams within the Municipality are listed with the local
SWCD.
4. The Municipal Engineer maintains the right of access to all streams within the Municipality for
the purposes outlined in the Ohio Revised Code, Sections 6131.01 to 6131.64, 6133.01 to
6133.15, 6135.01 to 6135.27, and 6137.05.1.
B. The following uses are permitted by right within the Riparian Setbacks with prior approval of the
design.
1. Stream bank Stabilization/Erosion Control Measures. Best Management Practices (BMP’s)
for stream bank stabilization or erosion control may be allowed if such practices are within
permitted uses by the local, state, and federal government regulations and are ecologically
compatible and emphasize the use of natural materials and native plant species where
practical and available. Such stream bank stabilization/ erosion control practices shall only
be undertaken upon approval of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP or SW3P)
by the local SWCD.
2. Stream crossings.
a. Crossings of streams through the Riparian Setback by vehicles, storm by vehicles and
public utility lines will be per the approval of local, county, and state governing
agencies and as a part of the regular subdivision process.
b. One driveway crossing per stream per tax parcel will be allowed for individual
landowners.
c. Roadway crossings shall be designed and constructed per the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and Local Plan Commission. If more than two crossings per
1,000 linear feet of stream center is required for these areas, the applicant must apply
for a variance.
3. Placement of stormwater retention or detention facilities may be considered within the
Riparian Setback if stormwater quality treatment is consistent with state standards (most current
version of the Ohio EPA general construction permit):
SECTION ___.07: USES PROHIBITED IN THE RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Structures. There shall be no structures of any kind except as permitted under these regulations.
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B. Dredging or Dumping. There shall be no drilling for petroleum or mineral
products, mining activity, filling or dredging of soil, spoils, or any material—
natural or man-made—except as permitted under these regulations.
C. Roads or Driveways. There shall be no roads or driveways, except as permitted
under these regulations.
D. Motorized Vehicles. There shall be no use of motorized vehicles of any kind, except as permitted
under these regulations.
E. Modification of Natural Vegetation. Modification of the natural vegetation shall be limited to
conservation maintenance that the landowner deems necessary to control noxious weeds; for
plantings consistent with these regulations; for disturbances approved under these regulations;
and for the passive enjoyment, access and maintenance of landscaping or lawns existing at the
time of passage of these regulations.
F. Impervious Surfaces. There shall be no parking lots or other human made impervious cover,
except as permitted under these regulations.
SECTION ___.08: NON-CONFORMING STRUCTURES OR USES IN THE RIPARIAN
SETBACK
A. Structures and uses within the Riparian Setback, existing at the time of passage of these
regulations, that are not permitted under these regulations may be continued but shall not be
expanded except as set forth in this title.
B. If damaged or destroyed, these structures or uses may be repaired or restored within two years
from the date of damage /destruction or the adoption of these regulations, whichever is later, at the
property owners own risk.
C. A residential structure or use within the Riparian Setback existing at the time of passage of these
regulations may be expanded subject to the provisions of 1 through 3 below:
4. The expansion conforms to existing zoning regulations.
5. The expansion must not impact the stream channel or the 100-year flood plain. Consult with
the local SWCD for approval.
6. The expansion must not exceed an area of 15% of the total footprint of existing structure or
use that lies within the Riparian Setback. Expansions exceeding 15% of the total footprint
within the Riparian Setback must be obtained through the variance process.
D. Non-residential structure or use expansions will be permitted only through the variance process.
SECTION ___.09: BOUNDARY INTERPRETATION AND APPEALS PROCEDURE
A. When an applicant disputes the boundary of the Riparian Setback or the ordinary high water mark
of a stream, the landowner or applicant shall submit evidence to the local SWCD that describes
the boundary, presents the landowner or applicant’s proposed boundary and presents all
justification for the proposed boundary change.
B. The local SWCD shall evaluate all materials submitted and shall make a written recommendation
to the Municipal Zoning Commission or the Local Planning Commission within a reasonable period
of time not to exceed 45 days. A copy of this recommendation shall be submitted to the applicant.
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If during this evaluation the local SWCD requires further information to complete this evaluation, he
or she may be required to provide this information.
C. The Municipal Zoning Commission or the Local Planning Commission shall decide such boundary
disputes. The party contesting the location of the Riparian Setback or the ordinary high water mark
of the streams as determined by these regulations shall have the burden of proof in case of any
such appeal.
SECTION ___.10: VARIANCES WITHIN RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. Applications for variances to the provisions of this title shall be submitted as provided in items one
and two indicated below:
1. In Municipalities that have adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, applications
for variances shall be submitted to the Municipal Local Planning Commission or Board of
Appeals.
2. In Municipalities which have not adopted these regulations into their zoning codes, and
do not have their own riparian setback regulations, applications for variances shall be
submitted to the Local Planning Commission.
B. The Municipal Board of Zoning Appeals or the Municipal Planning Commission shall consult with
representatives from the local SWCD; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Natural Areas; the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water; the County
Engineer; the County Health Department; or other technical experts as necessary to consider
variance requests.
C. No variances shall be granted for expansion of the following structures or uses:
1. Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell petroleum-based products or any hazardous
materials. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: asphalt plants, dry cleaners,
gasoline service stations, and road maintenance facilities.
2. Facilities which use, store, distribute, or sell products which may contribute higher than
acceptable concentrations of dissolved or particulate matter to stormwater runoff around
the facility. Such facilities include, but are not limited to: landfills or transfer stations, junk
yards, recycling facilities, quarries and borrow pits, sand and gravel extraction
operations, and road salt storage barns.
3 In reviewing whether to grant variances, the Municipal Board of Zoning Appeals or the
Local Planning Commission shall consider the following:
4 The purpose and intent of the setback alteration, exceptional circumstances, undue
hardship, and the extent of the alteration.
SECTION ___.11: INSPECTION OF RIPARIAN SETBACK
A. The applicant shall notify local SWCD, Local Plan Commission and Building Inspector at least 7
days prior to land disturbing activities. local SWCD, Local Plan Commission and Building
Inspector may enter the affected parcels from time to time to conduct on-site inspections to ensure
compliance with this regulation.
B. The Riparian Setback shall also be inspected annually or as time permits by the local SWCD or
approved monitoring entity for compliance with any approvals under these regulations or at any
time evidence is brought to the attention of the local SWCD that uses or structures are occurring
that may reasonably be expected to violate the provisions of these regulations.
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Conservation Development for Townships
CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT
(RESIDENTIAL) FOR TOWNSHIPS
Part __ Residential Conservation Development District Option
(part of the existing Section ____ – Planned Unit Development District____)
00.01 PURPOSE. The primary objective of Residential Conservation Development (RCD) District
zoning is to promote the health and safety of the community through the application of flexible
land development techniques in the arrangement and construction of dwelling units and roads,
as provided under ORC § 519.021 for planned unit developments. Such flexibility is intended to
maximize the conservation of natural resources while accepting development and retaining for
the property owner the development rights (the number of residential dwelling units) that are
permitted under the existing conventional zoning for the property.
This zoning option is intended to achieve the following corollary purposes:
A. To maximize protection of the community’s natural resources while maintaining the
character of the community. This is to be achieved by:
1. Avoiding development on and destruction of hydrologically and ecologically valuable
natural resource areas;
2. Reducing the quantity and improving the quality of storm water runoff from expected
development;
3. Maintaining and conserving natural resources limited to floodplains, wetlands,
riparian corridors, mature woodlands, and sensitive Oak Openings habitats.
B. To establish development review criteria which promote creative design solutions in a
manner which best conserves the area’s natural resources.
C. To establish a review process, which maintains local review and approval of the overall
development plan and which results in the timely consideration of an application.
D. To ensure that the proposed conservation development reflects the objectives of the
Township’s Comprehensive Plan.
00.02 GENERAL GUIDELINES/APPLICABILITY. A proposed RCD District shall be reviewed and
approved in conformance with the Zoning Amendment procedures outlined in Section ____ of
the Township of ____________ Zoning Resolution, and the provisions set forth under Part ____
of Section _____. In determining whether or not to permit an RCD District within an area of the
Township of ____________, and in reviewing any plans for the development of such a district,
the Zoning Commission and the Trustees of ____________ Township shall take into
consideration the following:
A. The effect the district and its development will have upon properties in the vicinity,
population density, population trends, and surrounding open spaces;
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Conservation Development for Townships
B. Traffic patterns and their relation to public safety, with assistance from the Lucas County
Engineer;
C. The availability and provisions for essential services, particularly water and sewage
disposal;
D. The need for adequate open space; and
E. The topography and unique scenic and/or historic features of the particular parcel or
parcels under consideration and their relationship to the preservation of the character of
the Township of ____________, the health, safety and welfare of the community, and the
citizens in the Township and the surrounding communities.
00.03 DEFINITIONS. Refer to Section ____, Definitions, of the Township of ____________ Zoning
Resolution.
00.04 MINIMUM DEVELOPMENT AREA
A. A twenty (20) acre area is required for a tract of land proposed for the RCD District option.
B. The area or tract of land proposed to be developed as an RCD District shall be in one
ownership, or if in several ownerships, the parcels shall be contiguous. The application
shall be filed jointly by all owners of the contiguous parcels included in the proposed
boundaries of the RCD District.
00.05 USES PERMITTED
A. Permitted Uses: Detached single-family dwellings.
B. Accessory Uses: Accessory uses shall be limited to uses that are clearly incidental and
secondary to the main use of buildings and land in an RCD district. Accessory uses shall
include, but shall not be limited to:
1. Swimming pools within private yards.
2. Customary home occupations such as handicrafts, dressmaking, laundering, home
cooking, beauty parlor, barbershop; such home occupations shall not include
mechanical or electrical repair shops, or manufacturing of any kind.
3. An office or studio in the residence of a physician or surgeon, dentist, artist, lawyer,
architect, engineer, teacher or other member of a recognized profession.
4. A builder’s sales office in model homes.
00.06 PERMITTED DENSITY AND OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
A. Base Density - Number of Lots Permitted: The number of lots permitted within a proposed
RCD District shall be derived from the preparation of a Yield Plan. The Yield Plan shall
show the maximum number of lots that could be placed on the site if the land were
developed based on the existing conventional zoning for the property. The Yield Plan shall
contain the information required for a Sketch Plan, as described in Section 00.10. The
applicant shall have the burden of proof with regard to the maximum number of lots
resulting from the design and engineering specifications shown on the Yield Plan.
B. Conserved Natural Resource Area and Density Bonus: In conjunction with the purpose of
the RCD District as well as the design criteria set forth in Section 00.06 C below, natural
resource areas shall be provided within a proposed RCD District development. A sliding
scale on the amount of natural resource has been established, in which the Township will
afford increases in the permitted base density, as determined in Section 00.06 A above, as
designated areas of open space within the development are increased. The following table
sets forth the allowable density bonuses based on the percentage of natural resource area
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proposed. Natural resource areas proposed shall be limited to the percentages outlined
below. The maximum allowable increase in the base density shall not exceed 20 percent.
Conserved Natural Resource Area (%) Density Increase (%)
10-19.9% 3%
20-25.9% 5%
26-29.99% 7%
30-39.99% 10%
40%+ 15%
In order to meet the objectives of Section 00.01 by creating large contiguous natural
resource areas or contiguous corridors of natural resources an additional 0.5% density
bonus shall be granted for each whole acre that is contiguous with the following defined
natural resources:
• Swan Creek, Blue Creek, Ottawa River, Ten Mile Creek, or Maumee River 100-yr.
floodplain adjacent to the channel
• Oak Openings habitat as defined in the Maumee AOC Watershed Restoration Plan,
January 2006.
• Riparian Corridor outside the FEMA floodplain
• Category 2 or Category 3 Wetland
The additional calculated density bonus for contiguous acreage shall be added to the initial
density bonus determined from the chart above. The combined density bonus shall not
exceed 20 percent.
C. Natural Resource Design Criteria: The natural resource areas proposed within the
development shall comply with the following:
1. Natural resource areas shall be designed and located to conserve the natural
resources defined in 00.01 (A3).
2. Any area designated as a natural resource area shall be preserved in its natural state
for the enjoyment of residents of the proposed development.
3. In order to encourage the creation of large contiguous areas and contiguous natural
resource corridors, areas that shall not be considered part of the natural resource
include:
a. Public road rights-of-way;
b. Parking areas, access ways and driveways;
c. Required setbacks between buildings, parking areas, and project boundaries;
d. Required setbacks between buildings and streets;
e. Private yards;
f. A minimum of 15 feet between buildings and the open space areas; and
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Conservation Development for Townships
g. Other small fragmented or isolated open space areas that have a dimension
less than:
1. 25 feet in any direction for proposed project areas currently located in the
____ District; and
2. 50 feet in any direction for proposed project areas currently located in the
____ District.
4. Any area within the designated open space that is disturbed during construction or
otherwise not preserved in its natural state, other common areas such as required
setback areas, and both sides of new streets shall be landscaped with vegetation
that is compatible with the natural characteristics of the site.
5. The designated natural resource areas shall be clearly shown on the Preliminary
Plan.
D. Prohibition of Further Subdivision of Conserved Natural Resource. Any natural resource
area designated within a residential conservation development shall be prohibited from
further subdivision or development.
E. Ownership and Maintenance of Natural Resource Area. Subject to such permanent
restrictions as set forth in Section 00.06 D above, designated natural resource areas in a
residential conservation development may be owned by an association, a land trust or
other conservation organization recognized by the Township. It shall further be the
responsibility of such association, land trust or organization to ensure that the designated
natural resource is maintained and preserved in its natural state.
00.07 DEVELOPMENT AND SITE PLANNING STANDARDS
A. Water and Sewer Requirements. Central water and sewer systems and/or facilities shall
be provided within any proposed residential conservation development, and shall meet the
approval of all regulatory agencies having jurisdiction.
B. Minimum Lot Width and Building Setbacks. Minimum lot widths and building setbacks
shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Township of __________
Zoning Regulations.
C. Maximum Height Permitted. The maximum height permitted for buildings located in the
RCD District shall be in accordance with the height restrictions set forth in the Township of
__________ Zoning Regulations, as applicable.
D. Parking Requirements. The minimum number of parking spaces provided for each
dwelling unit shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Township of
___________ Zoning Regulations for single-family detached dwelling units.
E. Resource Protection Regulations.
1. Flood Way and Flood Plain Protection: No fill or structures shall be placed within the
boundaries of any flood way area as defined by the most recent Federal Emergency
Management Agency – Flood Rate Insurance Maps. No fill or structures shall be
placed within the 100-year flood plain as defined by the most recent Federal
Emergency Management Agency – Flood Rate Insurance Maps.
2. Riparian Setbacks: The following riparian setbacks shall be provided for the
following river and stream resources. Setbacks are required on both sides of the
resource. 30-foot setbacks are required for FEMA Community Rating System (CRS)
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Conservation Development for Townships
credits. No disturbance shall occur within the riparian setback, with the exception of
pervious walking or biking trails.
Swan Creek, Blue Creek and Ten Mile Creek – 150 feet from Ordinary High
Watermark
Wolf Creek and Ai Creek – 75 feet from Ordinary High Watermark
No fill or structure shall be placed within the riparian setback.
3. Wetlands Protection: All Category 2 and Category 3 wetlands defined by Ohio EPA’s
Rapid Assessment Method shall receive a setback of 75 feet from wetland’s defined
boundary. No fill or structure shall be placed within a Category 2 or Category 3
wetland.
00.08 STREET, DRIVE AND WALKWAY REQUIREMENTS
All street, drive and walkway improvements shall conform to the specifications set forth in the
Lucas County Subdivision Regulations as well as the design standards set forth by the Lucas
County Engineers, and all applicable Township Resolutions.
00.09 DWELLING UNIT REQUIREMENTS
The minimum square footage provided for each dwelling unit shall be in accordance with the
standards set forth in the Township of ___________ Zoning Regulations for single-family
detached dwelling units.
00.10 PRE-APPLICATION CONFERENCE AND TOWNSHIP SKETCH PLAN REQUIRED
A. Prior to the submission of a Township Preliminary Plan, the developer shall submit a
Sketch Plan of the proposed development for consideration by the Zoning Commission
and Board of Trustees at a mutually agreed upon time by the Commission and Trustees.
The Township may also elect to invite a representative from the Toledo-Lucas County Plan
Commissions, County Engineer, and other applicable County agencies for their review and
comment.
1. The purpose of the sketch plan is to present to the Township the initial plans
proposed development as it conforms with the purpose and intent of the RCD District
as well as the criteria and standards contained within. Further, the sketch plan review
process is provided to establish early on the number of lots permitted within the
proposed development through the preparation of a Yield Plan, as set forth in
Section 00.06 A. While the sketch plan is intended to be conceptual in nature and
not involve significant engineering costs, the applicant must be able to demonstrate
on the plan the proposed street alignments and the number of lots that could be
developed under the conventional zoning district in accordance with the lot
dimension requirements set forth in the corresponding district section.
2. The Sketch Plan shall conform, at a minimum, to Section 3 (311), Preliminary
Drawing Content, of the Lucas County Subdivision Regulations.
B. Upon their review, the Zoning Commission and Trustees shall provide the applicant with
feedback on the Sketch Plan, including the proposed base density. Such feedback shall
not be deemed a subsequent approval or denial of the Township’s preliminary and final
development plans submitted, but shall be the basis for proceeding with the Township’s
preliminary development plan application and submission requirements.
C.
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Conservation Development for Townships
00.11 TOWNSHIP PRELIMINARY AND FINAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW PROCEDURES
A. Any proposed RCD District shall be reviewed and approved in accordance with the
procedures set forth in Sections 00.01 through 00.14 of Part ____.
B. Upon the approval by the Township Trustees of the Township Preliminary Plan, such plan
shall be the basis for proceeding with the subdivision review process with the Toledo-
Lucas County Plan Commissions, as set forth in the Lucas County Subdivision
Regulations. The County’s preliminary plan and final plat approval shall be based on the
approved Township Preliminary Plan. Final Development Plan approval at the Township
level, as set forth in Section ____, shall occur simultaneously with the approval of the final
plat by the County as required in the Lucas County Subdivision Regulations. As part of the
subdivision preliminary plan and final plat review by the Plan Commissions, the Township
will be afforded an opportunity to submit comments to the Commission to ensure that the
subdivision plans and plat conform to the approved Township Preliminary Plan.
00.12 ZONING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Upon approval of the final plat by the Lucas County Planning Commission of each phase of any
RCD District development, the Zoning Inspector shall issue Zoning Permits for any permitted
buildings or structures in the RCD District in accordance with the zoning permit requirements set
forth in Section _____, as applicable.
00.13 ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement of zoning permits issued within an approved RCD District shall be done in
conformance with the procedures set forth in Section _____.
00.14 CONFLICT
Whenever there is a conflict or difference between the provisions of Part II, Section XVI of the
Township of __________ Zoning Resolution and the provisions of other sections of this
Resolution, the provisions set forth in Part II, Section XVI shall prevail.
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT
(RESIDENTIAL) FOR MUNICIPALITY
(VILLAGE OR CITY)
Part __
Residential Conservation Development District Option
(part of the existing Section ____ – Planned Unit Development District____)
00.01 PURPOSE. The primary objective of Residential Conservation Development (RCD) District
zoning is to promote the health and safety of the community through the application of flexible
land development techniques in the arrangement and construction of dwelling units and roads,
as provided under ORC § 519.021 for planned unit developments. Such flexibility is intended to
maximize the conservation of natural resources while accepting development and retaining for
the property owner the development rights (the number of residential dwelling units) that are
permitted under the existing conventional zoning for the property.
This zoning option is intended to achieve the following corollary purposes:
A. To maximize protection of the community’s natural resources while maintaining the
character of the community. This is to be achieved by:
1. Avoiding development on and destruction of hydrologically and ecologically valuable
natural resource areas;
2. Reducing the quantity and improving the quality of storm water runoff from expected
development;
3. Maintaining and conserving natural resources limited to floodplains, wetlands,
riparian corridors, mature woodlands, and sensitive Oak Openings habitats.
B. To establish development review criteria which promote creative design solutions in a
manner which best conserves the area’s natural resources.
C. To establish a review process, which maintains local review and approval of the overall
development plan and which results in the timely consideration of an application.
D. To ensure that the proposed conservation development reflects the objectives of the
Municipality (Village or City) Comprehensive Plan.
00.02 GENERAL GUIDELINES/APPLICABILITY. A proposed RCD District shall be reviewed and
approved in conformance with the Zoning Amendment procedures outlined in Section ____ of the
Municipality (Village or City) of ___________ Zoning Ordinance, and the provisions set forth under Part
____ of Section _____. In determining whether or not to permit an RCD District within an area of the
Municipality (Village or City) of __________, and in reviewing any plans for the development of such a
district, the Zoning Commission and the Council administration of the Municipality (Village or City) of
____________ shall take into consideration the following:
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
A. The effect the district and its development will have upon properties in the vicinity,
population density, population trends, and surrounding open spaces;
B. Traffic patterns and their relation to public safety, with assistance from the Lucas County
Engineer;
C. The availability and provisions for essential services, particularly water and sewage
disposal;
D. The need for adequate open space; and
E. The topography and unique scenic and/or historic features of the particular parcel or
parcels under consideration and their relationship to the preservation of the character of
the Municipality (Village or City) of ____________, the health, safety and welfare of the
community, and the citizens in the Municipality (Village or City) of ___________ and the
surrounding communities.
00.03 DEFINITIONS. Refer to Section ____, Definitions, of the Municipality (Village or City) of
____________ Zoning Ordinance.
00.04 MINIMUM DEVELOPMENT AREA
A. A twenty (20) acre area is required for a tract of land proposed for the RCD District
option.
B. The area or tract of land proposed to be developed as an RCD District shall be in one
ownership, or if in several ownerships, the parcels shall be contiguous. The application shall be
filed jointly by all owners of the contiguous parcels included in the proposed boundaries of the
RCD District.
00.05 USES PERMITTED
A. Permitted Uses: Detached single-family dwellings.
B. Accessory Uses: Accessory uses shall be limited to uses that are clearly incidental and
secondary to the main use of buildings and land in an RCD district. Accessory uses shall
include, but shall not be limited to:
1. Swimming pools within private yards.
2. Customary home occupations such as handicrafts, dressmaking, laundering, home
cooking, beauty parlor, barbershop; such home occupations shall not include
mechanical or electrical repair shops, or manufacturing of any kind.
3. An office or studio in the residence of a physician or surgeon, dentist, artist, lawyer,
architect, engineer, teacher or other member of a recognized profession.
4. A builder’s sales office in model homes.
00.06 PERMITTED DENSITY AND OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
A. Base Density - Number of Lots Permitted: The number of lots permitted within a
proposed RCD District shall be derived from the preparation of a Yield Plan. The Yield
Plan shall show the maximum number of lots that could be placed on the site if the land
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
were developed based on the existing conventional zoning for the property. The Yield
Plan shall contain the information required for a Sketch Plan, as described in Section
00.10. The applicant shall have the burden of proof with regard to the maximum number
of lots resulting from the design and engineering specifications shown on the Yield Plan.
B. Conserved Natural Resource Area and Density Bonus: In conjunction with the purpose
of the RCD District as well as the design criteria set forth in Section 00.06 C below,
natural resource areas shall be provided within a proposed RCD District development. A
sliding scale on the amount of natural resource has been established, in which the
Municipality (Village or City) of ___________ will afford increases in the permitted base
density, as determined in Section 00.06 A above, as designated areas of open space
within the development are increased. The following table sets forth the allowable
density bonuses based on the percentage of natural resource area proposed. Natural
resource areas proposed shall be limited to the percentages outlined below. The
maximum allowable increase in the base density shall not exceed 20 percent.
Conserved Natural Resource Area (%) Density Increase (%)
10-19.9% 3%
20-25.9% 5%
26-29.99% 7%
30-39.99% 10%
40%+ 15%
In order to meet the objectives of Section 00.01 by creating large contiguous natural
resource areas or contiguous corridors of natural resources an additional 0.5% density
bonus shall be granted for each whole acre that is contiguous with the following defined
natural resources:
• Swan Creek, Blue Creek, Ottawa River, Ten Mile Creek or Maumee River 100-yr
floodplain adjacent to the channel
• Oak Openings habitat as defined in the Maumee AOC Watershed Restoration Plan,
January 2006.
• Riparian Corridor outside the FEMA floodplain
• Category 2 or Category 3 Wetland
The additional calculated density bonus for contiguous acreage shall be added to the initial
density bonus determined from the chart above. The combined density bonus shall not
exceed 20 percent.
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
C. Natural Resource Design Criteria: The natural resource areas proposed within the
development shall comply with the following:
1. Natural resource areas shall be designed and located to conserve the natural
resources defined in 00.01 (A3).
2. Any area designated as a natural resource area shall be preserved in its natural state
for the enjoyment of residents of the proposed development.
3. In order to encourage the creation of large contiguous areas and contiguous natural
resource corridors, areas that shall not be considered part of the natural resource
include:
a. Public road rights-of-way;
b. Parking areas, access ways and driveways;
c. Required setbacks between buildings, parking areas, and project boundaries;
d. Required setbacks between buildings and streets;
e. Private yards;
f. A minimum of 15 feet between buildings and the open space areas; and
g. Other small fragmented or isolated open space areas that have a dimension
less than:
1. 25 feet in any direction for proposed project areas currently located in the
____ District; and
2. 50 feet in any direction for proposed project areas currently located in the
____ District.
4. Any area within the designated open space that is disturbed during construction or
otherwise not preserved in its natural state, other common areas such as required
setback areas, and both sides of new streets shall be landscaped with vegetation
that is compatible with the natural characteristics of the site.
5. The designated natural resource areas shall be clearly shown on the Preliminary
Plan.
D. Prohibition of Further Subdivision of Conserved Natural Resource. Any natural resource
area designated within a residential conservation development shall be prohibited from further
subdivision or development.
E. Ownership and Maintenance of Natural Resource Area. Subject to such permanent
restrictions as set forth in Section 00.06 D above, designated natural resource areas in a
residential conservation development may be owned by an association, a land trust or other
conservation organization recognized by the Municipality of (Village or City)____________. It
shall further be the responsibility of such association, land trust or organization to ensure that the
designated natural resource is maintained and preserved in its natural state.
00.07 DEVELOPMENT AND SITE PLANNING STANDARDS
A. Water and Sewer Requirements. Central water and sewer systems and/or facilities shall
be provided within any proposed residential conservation development, and shall meet the
approval of all regulatory agencies having jurisdiction.
B. Minimum Lot Width and Building Setbacks. Minimum lot widths and building setbacks
shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Municipality of (Village or City)
of __________ Zoning Regulations.
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
C. Maximum Height Permitted. The maximum height permitted for buildings located in the
RCD District shall be in accordance with the height restrictions set forth in the Municipality
of (Village or City) of __________ Zoning Regulations, as applicable.
D. Parking Requirements. The minimum number of parking spaces provided for each
dwelling unit shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Municipality of
(Village or City) of ___________ Zoning Regulations for single-family detached dwelling
units.
E. Resource Protection Regulations.
Flood Way and Flood Plain Protection: No fill or structures shall be placed within the
boundaries of any flood way area as defined by the most recent Federal Emergency
Management Agency – Flood Rate Insurance Maps. No fill or structures shall be
placed within the 100-year flood plain as defined by the most recent Federal
Emergency Management Agency – Flood Rate Insurance Maps.
Riparian Setbacks: The following riparian setbacks shall be provided for the
following river and stream resources. Setbacks are required on both sides of the
resource. 30-foot setbacks are required for FEMA Community Rating System (CRS)
credits. No disturbance shall occur within the riparian setback, with the exception of
pervious walking or biking trails.
Swan Creek, Blue Creek and Ten Mile Creek – 150 feet from Ordinary High
Watermark
Wolf Creek and Ai Creek – 75 feet from Ordinary High Watermark
No fill or structure shall be placed within the riparian setback.
3. Wetlands Protection: All Category 2 and Category 3 wetlands defined by Ohio EPA’s
Rapid Assessment Method shall receive a setback of 75 feet from wetland’s defined
boundary. No fill or structure shall be placed within a Category 2 or Category 3
wetland.
00.08 STREET, DRIVE AND WALKWAY REQUIREMENTS
All street, drive and walkway improvements shall conform to the specifications set forth in the
Lucas County Subdivision Regulations as well as the design standards set forth by the Lucas
County Engineers, and all applicable Municipal of (Village Or City) Ordinances.
00.09 DWELLING UNIT REQUIREMENTS
The minimum square footage provided for each dwelling unit shall be in accordance with the
standards set forth in the Municipality of (Village or City) of ___________ Zoning Regulations for
single-family detached dwelling units.
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
00.10 PRE-APPLICATION CONFERENCE AND MUNICIPALITY (VILLAGE OR CITY) SKETCH
PLAN REQUIRED
A. Prior to the submission of a Municipality of (Village or City) of ___________ Preliminary
Plan, the developer shall submit a Sketch Plan of the proposed development for consideration
by the Zoning Commission and Board of Trustees at a mutually agreed upon time by the
Commission and Trustees. The Municipality of (Village or City) of ___________ may also elect
to invite a representative from the Toledo-Lucas County/City Plan Commissions, County/City
Engineer, and other applicable County/City agencies for their review and comment.
1. The purpose of the sketch plan is to present to the Municipality of (Village or City)
of ___________ the initial plans proposed development as it conforms with the purpose
and intent of the RCD District as well as the criteria and standards contained within.
Further, the sketch plan review process is provided to establish early on the number of lots
permitted within the proposed development through the preparation of a Yield Plan, as set
forth in Section 00.06 A. While the sketch plan is intended to be conceptual in nature and
not involve significant engineering costs, the applicant must be able to demonstrate on the
plan the proposed street alignments and the number of lots that could be developed under
the conventional zoning district in accordance with the lot dimension requirements set forth
in the corresponding district section.
2. The Sketch Plan shall conform, at a minimum, to Section 3 (311), Preliminary
Drawing Content, of the Lucas County Subdivision Regulations.
B. Upon their review, the Zoning Commission and Council shall provide the applicant with
feedback on the Sketch Plan, including the proposed base density. Such feedback shall not be
deemed a subsequent approval or denial of the Council’s preliminary and final development
plans submitted, but shall be the basis for proceeding with the Council’s preliminary development
plan application and submission requirements.
00.11 MUNICIPALITY (VILLAGE OR CITY) PRELIMINARY AND FINAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
REVIEW PROCEDURES
A. Any proposed RCD District shall be reviewed and approved in accordance with the
procedures set forth in Sections 00.01 through 00.14 of Part ____.
B. Upon the approval by the Municipality Council of the Municipality (Village or City)
___________ Preliminary Plan, such plan shall be the basis for proceeding with the
subdivision review process with the Toledo-Lucas County Plan Commissions, as set forth
in the Lucas County Subdivision Regulations. The Municipalities (Village or City)
preliminary plan and final plat approval shall be based on the approved Municipality
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Conservation Development for Municipalities
(Village or City) Preliminary Plan. Final Development Plan approval at the Municipal level,
as set forth in Section ____, shall occur simultaneously with the approval of the final plat
by the Municipality (Village or City) as required in the Lucas County Subdivision
Regulations. As part of the subdivision preliminary plan and final plat review by the Plan
Commissions, the MUNICIPALITY (Village or City) will be afforded an opportunity to
submit comments to the Commission to ensure that the subdivision plans and plat conform
to the approved Municipal (Village or City) Preliminary Plan.
00.12 ZONING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Upon approval of the final plat by the Municipality (Village or City) Planning Commission of each
phase of any RCD District development, the Zoning Inspector shall issue Zoning Permits for any
permitted buildings or structures in the RCD District in accordance with the zoning permit
requirements set forth in Section _____, as applicable.
00.13 ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement of zoning permits issued within an approved RCD District shall be done in
conformance with the procedures set forth in Section _____.
00.14 CONFLICT
Whenever there is a conflict or difference between the provisions of Part II, Section XVI of the
Municipality (Village or City) of __________ Zoning Ordinance and the provisions of other
sections of this Ordinance, the provisions set forth in Part II, Section XVI shall prevail.
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Lucas County Stormwater Quality Rules
Introduction to
Lucas County Stormwater Quality Rules
The Lucas County Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) was filed with the Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency in March 2003. The Executive Summary of the SWMP
document states the SWMP will address the six minimum control measure as required by
state regulations. The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the federal regulation that directs the
states of the nation through the Stormwater Phase II rules.
The Stormwater Phase II rules are the next step in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
effort to preserve, protect, and improve the nation’s water resources from polluted
stormwater runoff. The Phase II is intended to further reduce impacts to our water quality
with the use of controls on the unregulated sources of stormwater discharges that have the
greatest likelihood of causing continued environmental degradation. Stormwater discharges
is every residential, commercial, industrial rooftop, every parking lot, driveway, sidewalk,
every construction site, every vehicle on the road, in every rural and urban area across the
nation.
The Stormwater Management Plan was developed using a model document provided by the
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Every SWMP submitted to the Ohio EPA must
include a 5-year program that implements the following six (6) minimum control measures:
1. Public Education and Outreach Program
2. Public Involvement and Participation
3. Elimination of Illicit Discharges
4. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Ordinance
5. Post-Construction Stormwater Management Ordinance
6. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping
In the Lucas County Stormwater Management Plan, D) Construction Site Runoff Control,
page 17 states:
The Lucas County Consortium will adopt a resolution or ordinance requiring that land
disturbance of one or more acres be regulated. It will require developers to submit a plan that
contains measures to reduce soil erosion and practices to control sediment that have already
eroded.
The Lucas County Stormwater Quality Rules adopts the erosion and sediment control rules
of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for control of
pollution in stormwater runoff from construction sites.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
1. Purpose and Scope
The [County Name] County Board of Commissioners adopts these Erosion and Sediment Control
Rules, pursuant to Ohio Revised Code, Section 307.79, to establish technically feasible and
economically reasonable standards to achieve a level of management and conservation practices in
order to abate soil erosion and degradation of the waters of the State by soil sediment on land used or
being developed for non-farm commercial, industrial, residential or other non-farm purposes, to establish
criteria for determination of the acceptability of such management and conservation practices, and to
promote the health, safety and well-being of the residents of [County Name] County. Specifically, the
Rules are intended to protect:
1.1 County and township ditches, culverts and storm sewers from loss of capacity due to siltation.
1.2 Adjacent landowners from property loss due to sedimentation, erosion and flooding.
1.3 Water quality and habitat in streams and wetlands.
These Rules apply to soil-disturbing activities on land within the unincorporated area of [County Name]
County used or being developed for non-farm commercial, industrial, residential, or other non-farm
purposes, including, but not limited to, individual or multiple lots, subdivisions, multi-family
developments, commercial and industrial developments, recreational projects, general clearing and
grading projects, underground utilities, highways, building activities on farms, redevelopment of urban
areas and all other uses unless expressly excluded as follows:
1.4 Activities related to producing agricultural crops or sylvan culture operations or areas regulated
by the Ohio Agricultural Sediment Pollution Abatement Rules.
1.5 A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan is not required before clearing, grading, excavating,
filling or otherwise wholly or partially disturbing less than one acre of land owned by one person or
operated as one development unit for the construction of non-farm buildings, structures, utilities,
recreational areas or other similar non-farm uses; however, areas of less than one acre are not exempt
from compliance with all other provisions of these Rules.
2. Terms Defined
2.1 INTERPRETATION OF TERMS AND WORDS
(2.11) Words used in the present tense include the future tense and the singular include the plural,
unless the context clearly indicates the contrary.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
(2.12) The term "shall" is always mandatory and not discretionary. The word "may" is permissive. The
term "should" is permissive but indicates strong suggestion.
(2.13) The word or term not interpreted or defined by this section shall be construed according to the
rules of grammar and common usage so as to give these Rules their most reasonable
application.
2.2 WORDS AND TERMS DEFINED
Accelerated Soil Erosion: The increased loss of the land surface that occurs as a result of human
activities.
Acre:
A unit of measure equaling 43,560 square feet.
Administrator: The person or entity having the responsibility and duty of administering and ensuring
compliance with these Rules. The Administrator shall be appointed by the Board of [County Name]
County Commissioners.
Applicant: The individual developer, owner, or operator who is responsible for the implementation of
erosion and sediment controls on the development site.
Best Management Practices: Structural or nonstructural facilities or activities that control soil erosion
and/or stormwater runoff at a development site. Includes treatment requirements, operating and
maintenance procedures, or other practices to control site runoff, leaks, or waste disposal.
Buffer Area: A designated transitional area around a stream or wetland left in a natural, usually
vegetated state, so as to protect a stream or wetland from runoff pollution. Construction activities in this
area shall be restricted or prohibited based on the sensitivity of the stream or wetland and the
recommendation of the Administrator.
Channel: A natural bed that conveys water or a ditch excavated for the flow of water.
Critical Area: Any portion of an area subject to this Rule the disturbance of which would cause soil
erosion and sediment run-off and damage to private properties, water courses, storm sewers or public
lands due to topography, soil type, hydrology or proximity to a water course. These areas include, but
are not limited to, riparian areas, wetlands and highly erodible soils.
Development Area: A contiguous area owned by one person or persons, or operated as one
development unit, and used or being developed for non-farm commercial, industrial, residential or other
institutional construction or alteration which changes the runoff characteristics of a parcel of land.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Disturbed Area: An area of land subject to erosion due to the removal of vegetative cover and/or soil
moving activities, including filling.
Ditch: An excavated channel for the purpose of drainage or irrigation. May or may not be maintained
by a county agency.
Drainage: The removal of excess surface water or groundwater from land by surface or subsurface
drains.
Drainage Improvement: An improvement as defined in O.R.C. 6131.01(C), and/or conservation works of
improvement as defined in O.R.C. 1511 and 1515.
Drainage Way: A natural or manmade channel, ditch, or waterway that conveys surface water in a
concentrated manner by gravity. See also watercourse, channel, stream.
Earth Material: The soil, sediment, rock, sand, gravel and organic material or residue associated with or
attached to the soil.
Engineer: A Professional Engineer registered in the State of Ohio.
Erosion: The process by which the land surface is worn away by the action of wind, water, ice, gravity or
any combination of those forces.
Erosion and Sediment Control: The control of soil material, both mineral and organic, during soildisturbing
activity to prevent its transport out of the disturbed area by means of wind, water, ice or
gravity.
Farm: Land or water devoted to growing crops or cultivated in connection with raising or harvesting any
agricultural or horticultural commodity, including nursery stock, and the raising, shearing, feeding, caring
for, training, and management of livestock and poultry.
Final Stabilization: All soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and a uniform perennial
vegetative cover with a density of at least 80% cover for the area has been established or equivalent
stabilization measures, such as the use of mulches or geotextiles, have been employed.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Grading: The excavating, filling, or stockpiling of earth material, or any combination thereof, including
the land in its excavated or filled condition.
Impervious: That which does not allow infiltration.
Land disturbance: Any clearing, grading, excavating, filling, or other alteration of land surface where
natural or man-made cover is destroyed in a manner that exposes the underlying soils.
Landscape Architect: A Professional Landscape Architect registered in the State of Ohio.
Landslide: A rapid mass movement of soil and rock moving downhill under the influence of gravity.
Larger Common Plan of Development: A contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct
construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under one plan.
Multi-family Development: Apartments, condominiums, duplexes or other similar buildings housing more
than one family.
Maximum Extent Practicable: The level of pollutant reduction that operators of small municipal separate
storm sewer systems regulated under 40 C.F.R. Parts 9, 122, 123, and 124, referred to as NPDES
Stormwater Phase II, must meet.
Natural Waterway: A waterway that is part of the natural topography which usually maintains a
continuous or seasonal flow during the year and is characterized as being irregular in cross-section with
a meandering course.
NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System; a regulatory program in the Federal Clean
Water Act that prohibits the discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the United States without a
permit.
Ohio EPA General Construction Permit: A general stormwater permit issued by the Ohio EPA is required
for discharges associated with construction activities of > 1 acre.
Person: An individual, corporation, firm, trust, commission, board, public or private partnership, joint
venture, agency, unincorporated association, municipal corporation, county or state agency, federal
government or any combination thereof.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Phasing: Clearing a parcel of land in distinct sections, with the stabilization of each section before the
clearing of the next.
Post-Development: The conditions which exist following the completion of the soil-disturbing activity in
terms of topography, vegetation, land use and rate, volume or direction of stormwater runoff.
Pre-Construction Meeting: A meeting between the Administrator and all principal parties, prior to the
start of any construction, at a site that requires an Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
Post-Construction Runoff Control- A BMP designed to manage stormwater quantity (and often quality)
after construction is complete.
Rainwater and Land Development Manual: Ohio’s standards for stormwater management, land
development, and urban stream protection. Developed by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources,
the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service, and the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency. The most current edition of these standards shall be used with this regulation.
Runoff: The portion of rainfall, melted snow, or irrigation water that flows across the ground surface and
is eventually returned to water resources or wetlands.
Retention Structure: A permanent structure whose primary purpose is to permanently store a given
volume of stormwater runoff for release by infiltration and/or evaporation.
Sediment: The soils or other surface materials that can be transported or deposited from its site of origin
by the action of wind, water, ice or gravity as a product of erosion.
Sedimentation: The deposit of sediment in water bodies.
Sediment Basin: A temporary barrier or other suitable retention structure built across an area of water
flow to intercept runoff and allow transported sediment to settle and be retained prior to discharge into
waters of the State.
Sediment Pollution: The degradation of waters of the State by sediment as a result of failure to apply
management or conservation practices to abate wind or water soil erosion, specifically in conjunction
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
with soil-disturbing activities on land used or being developed for commercial, industrial, residential or
other non-farm purposes.
Sloughing/Slumping: A slip or downward movement of an extended layer of soil resulting from the
undermining action of water or the soil-disturbing activity of man.
Soil Conservation: The use of the soil within the limits of its physical characteristics and protecting it from
unalterable limitations of climate and topography.
Soil-Disturbing Activity: A clearing, grading, excavating, filling or other alteration of the earth's surface
where natural or man-made ground cover is destroyed, which may result in, or contribute to, erosion and
sediment pollution.
Soil and Water Conservation District: An entity organized under Chapter 1515 of the Ohio Revised Code
referring either to the Soil and Water Conservation District Board or its designated employee(s),
hereinafter referred to as the [County] SWCD.
Soil Loss: The soil moved from a given site by the forces of erosion, measured using “T.”
Stabilization: The installation of vegetative and/or structural measures to establish a soil cover in order
to reduce soil erosion by stormwater runoff, wind, ice, and gravity.
Storm Drain: A conduit, pipe or human-made structure, which serves to transport stormwater runoff.
Stormwater Management: Runoff water safely being conveyed or temporarily stored and released at an
allowable rate to minimize erosion and flooding.
Stormwater Runoff: The direct response of a watershed to precipitation, which includes the surface and
subsurface runoff that enters a stream, ditch, storm sewer or other concentrated flow during and
following the precipitation.
Stormwater Management Standards Manual: A standards manual prepared by the Maumee RAP and
TMACOG that provides guidelines on BMP design and performance criteria.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Stream: A body of water running or flowing on the earth's surface in which flow may be perennial and/or
seasonally intermittent.
Subsoil: That portion of the soil below the topsoil or plow layer, beginning 6-12" below surface down to
bedrock parent material.
Temporary Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Measures: Interim control measures, which are installed
or constructed to control soil erosion or sedimentation until permanent soil erosion control measures are
established.
Ten Year Frequency Storm: A storm that is capable of producing rainfall expected to be equaled or
exceeded on the average of once in 10 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedence probability
with a 10 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
Two Year Frequency Storm: A storm that is capable of producing rainfall expected to be equaled or
exceeded on the average of once in 2 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedence probability
with a 50 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
Topsoil: The upper layer of soil that is usually darker in color and richer in organic matter and nutrients
than the subsoil.
Unstable Soils: A portion of land surface or area which is prone to slipping, sloughing, landslides or is
identified by Natural Resource Conservation Service, USDA methodology as having a low soil strength.
Watercourse: A definite channel with bed and banks within which concentrated water flows, either
continuously or intermittently.
Water Resource: Any public or private body of water including lakes or ponds, and streams, gullies,
swales, or ravines having banks, a defined bed, and a definite direction of course, either continuously or
intermittently flowing.
Watershed: The total drainage area contributing runoff to a single point.
Wetland: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and
duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps, marshes, bogs, and
similar areas (40 CFR 232, as amended).
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
3. Disclaimer of Liability
Compliance with the provisions of this regulation shall not relieve any person from responsibility for
damage to any person otherwise imposed by law. The provisions of this regulation are promulgated to
promote the health, safety, and welfare of the public and are not designed for the benefit of any
individual or for the benefit of any particular parcel of property.
4. Conflicts, Severability, Nuisances and Responsibility
4.1 Where this regulation is in conflict with other provisions of law or ordinance, the most restrictive
provisions shall prevail.
4.2 If any clause, section, or provision of this regulation is declared invalid or unconstitutional by a
court of competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remainder shall not be affected thereby.
4.3 This regulation shall not be construed as authorizing any person to maintain a private or public
nuisance on their property, and compliance with the provisions of this regulation shall not be a defense
in any action to abate such a nuisance.
4.4 Failure of the County of [County Name] to observe or recognize hazardous or unsightly
conditions or to recommend corrective measures shall not relieve the site owner from the responsibility
for the condition or damage resulting there from, and shall not result in the Community, its officers,
employees, or agents being responsible for any condition or damage resulting there from.
5. Development of Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
5.1 This regulation requires that a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) be developed and
implemented for all parcels where disturbance of one (1) acre or more will occur for non-farm
commercial, industrial, residential or other non-farm purposes.
5.2 The SWP3 required by this regulation is not synonymous with the SWP3 required by the Ohio
EPA. Although based on the Ohio EPA general construction permit, minor variations do exist.
Therefore, acceptance by the Ohio EPA does not replace the need to adhere to the requirements of this
regulation.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
6. Application Procedures
6.1 SOIL DISTURBING ACTIVITIES SUBMITTING A STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION
PLAN: The applicant shall submit (2) sets of the SWP3 and the applicable fees to the [Local
Reviewing Agency]:
(6.11) For Subdivisions: After the approval of the preliminary plans and with submittal of the
improvement plans.
(6.12) For other construction projects: Before approval to commence land disturbance.
(6.13) For general clearing projects: Before approval to commence land disturbance.
6.2 The [Local Reviewing Agency] shall review the plans submitted (a) for conformance with this
regulation and approve, or return for revisions with comments and recommendations for
revisions.
6.3 Soil disturbing activities shall not begin and zoning permits shall not be issued without an
approved SWP3.
6.4 Approvals issued in accordance with this regulation shall remain valid for one (1) year from the
date of approval. If construction is not initiated within (1) year, a new approval will be required
before earth disturbing activities may occur.
7. Compliance with State and Federal Regulations
7.1 Approvals issued in accordance with this regulation do not relieve the applicant of responsibility
for obtaining all other necessary permits and/or approvals from the Ohio EPA, the US Army Corps of
Engineers, and other federal, state, and/or county agencies. If requirements vary, the most restrictive
requirement shall prevail. These permits may include, but are not limited to, those listed below. All
submittals required to show proof of compliance with these state and federal regulations shall be
submitted with Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans.
(7.11) Ohio EPA NPDES Permits authorizing stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity or the most current version thereof: Proof of compliance with these requirements shall be the
applicant’s Facility ID number from Ohio EPA, a copy of the Ohio EPA Director’s Authorization Letter for
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
the NPDES Permit, or a letter from the site owner certifying and explaining why the NPDES Permit is not
applicable.
(7.12) Section 401 of the Clean Water Act: Proof of compliance shall be a copy of the Ohio EPA Water
Quality Certification application tracking number, public notice, project approval, or a letter from the site
owner certifying that a qualified professional has surveyed the site and determined that Section 401 of
the Clean Water Act is not applicable. Wetlands, and other waters of the United States, shall be
delineated by protocols accepted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the time of application of this
regulation.
(7.13) Ohio EPA Isolated Wetland Permit: Proof of compliance shall be a copy of Ohio EPA’s Isolated
Wetland Permit application tracking number, public notice, project approval, or a letter from the site
owner certifying that a qualified professional has surveyed the site and determined that Ohio EPA’s
Isolated Wetlands Permit is not applicable. Isolated wetlands shall be delineated by protocols accepted
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the time of application of this regulation.
(7.14) Section 404 of the Clean Water Act: Proof of compliance shall be a copy of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers Individual Permit application, public notice, or project approval, if an Individual Permit is
required for the development project. If an Individual Permit is not required, the site owner shall submit
proof of compliance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Nationwide Permit Program. This shall
include one of the following:
A. A letter from the site owner certifying that a qualified professional has surveyed the site and
determined that Section 404 of the Clean Water Act is not applicable.
B. A site plan showing that any proposed fill of waters of the United States conforms to the general
and special conditions specified in the applicable Nationwide Permit. Wetlands, and other waters of the
United States, shall be delineated by protocols accepted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the
time of application of this regulation.
(7.15) Ohio Dam Safety Law: Proof of compliance shall be a copy of the ODNR Division of Water
permit application tracking number, a copy of the project approval letter from the ODNR Division of
Water, or a letter from the site owner certifying and explaining why the Ohio Dam Safety Law is not
applicable.
8. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
8.1 In order to control sediment pollution of water resources and wetlands, an applicant disturbing
property subject to section 5.1 of this regulation shall submit a SWP3 in accordance with this
regulation.
8.2 The SWP3 shall be certified by a professional engineer (P.E.), certified professional erosion and
sediment control specialist, or a registered landscape architect.
8.3 The SWP3 shall incorporate measures as recommended by the most current edition of
Rainwater and Land Development as published by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources or the
most current edition of the Stormwater Management Standards Manual as developed by TMACOG and
the Maumee RAP and shall include the following information:
(8.31) Site description and data: The SWP3 shall provide:
A. A description of the nature and type of the construction activity (e.g. residential, shopping mall,
highway, etc.).
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
B. Total area of the site and the area of the site that is expected to be disturbed (i.e., grubbing,
clearing, excavation, filling or grading, including off-site borrow areas).
C
Calculation of runoff coefficients for both the pre-construction and post-construction condition.
D. An estimate of the impervious area and percent of imperviousness created by the soil-disturbing
activity.
E. Existing data describing the soil and, if available, the quality of any known pollutant discharge
from the site such as that which may result from previous contamination caused by prior land uses.
F
.A description of prior land uses at the site.
G An implementation schedule which describes the sequence of major soil-disturbing operations
(i.e., grubbing, excavating, grading, utilities and infrastructure installation) and the implementation of
erosion and sediment controls to be employed during each operation of the sequence.
H .The location and name of the immediate receiving stream or surface water(s) and the first
subsequent receiving water(s).
I. The aerial (plan view) extent and description of wetlands or other special aquatic sites at or near
the site which will be disturbed or which will receive discharges from disturbed areas of the project.
J. For subdivided developments where the SWP3 does not call for a centralized sediment control
capable of controlling multiple individual lots, a detail drawing of a typical individual lot showing standard
individual lot erosion and sediment control practices.
K. Location and description of any stormwater discharges associated with dedicated asphalt and
dedicated concrete plants associated with the development area and the best management practices to
address pollutants in these stormwater discharges.
L. The name of the applicant (person responsible for implementation of the SWP3).
(8.32) Site map: The SWP3 shall provide:
A. Limits of soil-disturbing activity of the site, including off site spoil and borrow areas.
B. Soils types should be depicted for all areas of the site, including locations of unstable or highly
erodible soils.
C. Existing and proposed one-foot (1') contours. This must include a delineation of drainage
watersheds expected during and after major grading activities as well as the size of each
drainage watershed in acres.
D. Surface water locations including springs, wetlands, streams, lakes, water wells, etc., on or
within 200 feet of the site, including the boundaries of wetlands or stream channels and first
subsequent named receiving water(s) the applicant intends to fill or relocate for which the
applicant is seeking approval from the Army Corps of engineers and/or Ohio EPA.
E. Existing and planned locations of buildings, roads, parking facilities, and utilities.
F
The location of all erosion and sediment control practices, including the location of areas likely to
require temporary stabilization during the course of site development.
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G. Sediment ponds, including their sediment settling volume and contributing drainage area.
H. Permanent stormwater management practices to be used to control pollutants in stormwater
after construction operations have been completed.
I
Areas designated for the storage or disposal of solid, sanitary and toxic wastes including
Dumpster areas, areas designated for cement truck washout, and vehicle fueling.
J. The location of designated stoned construction entrances where the vehicles will ingress and
egress the construction site.
K. The location of any in-stream activities including stream crossings.
(8.33) A soils engineering report.: The [Local Reviewing Agency] may require the SWP3 to include a
Soils Engineering Report based upon his/her determination that the conditions of the soils are unknown
or unclear to the extent that additional information is required to protect against erosion or other hazards.
This report shall be based on adequate and necessary test borings, and shall contain all the information
listed below. Recommendations included in the report and approved by the [Local Reviewing Agency]
shall be incorporated in the grading plans and/or other specifications for site development.
A
Data regarding the nature, distribution, strength, and erodibility of existing soils.
B. If applicable, data regarding the nature, distribution, strength, and erodibility of the soil to be
placed on the site.
C. Conclusions and recommendations for grading procedures.
D. Conclusions and recommended designs for interim soil stabilization devices and measures, and
for permanent soil stabilization after construction is completed.
E. Design criteria for corrective measures when necessary.
F
.Opinions and recommendations covering the stability of the site.
9. Performance Standards
The SWP3 must contain a description of the controls appropriate for each construction operation and the
applicant must implement such controls. The SWP3 must clearly describe for each major construction
activity the appropriate control measures; the general sequence during the construction process under
which the measures will be implemented; and the contractor responsible for implementation (e.g.,
contractor A will clear land and install perimeter controls and contractor B will maintain perimeter
controls until final stabilization). Activities not requiring a SWP3 in accordance with section 5.1 shall
comply with the applicable controls required in this section. Only stormwater will be permitted in
stormwater discharges.
The controls shall include the following minimum components:
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9.1 NON-STRUCTURAL PRESERVATION MEASURES: The SWP3 must make use of practices
that preserve the existing natural condition to the maximum extent practicable. Such practices may
include preserving riparian areas, preserving existing vegetation and vegetative buffer strips, phasing of
construction operations in order to minimize the amount of disturbed land at any one time, and
designation of tree preservation areas or other protective clearing or grubbing practices.
9.2 EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES: The SWP3 must make use of erosion controls that are
capable of providing cover over disturbed soils. A description of control practices designed to restabilize
disturbed areas after grading or construction shall be included in the SWP3. The SWP3 must provide
specifications for stabilization of all disturbed areas of the site and provide guidance as to which method
of stabilization will be employed for any time of the year. Such practices may include: temporary
seeding, permanent seeding, mulching, matting, sod stabilization, vegetative buffer strips, phasing of
construction operations, the use of construction entrances, and the use of alternative ground cover.
Erosion control practices must meet the following requirements:
(9.21) Stabilization.: Disturbed areas must be stabilized as specified in Tables 1 and 2 below.
ea requiring permanent stabilization
Permanent Stabilization
Time frame to apply erosion controls
Any area that will lie dormant for one year or
more.
Any area within 50 feet of a stream and at final
grade.
Any area at final grade.
Table Appendix C- 1 Permanent Stabilization
Within 7 days of the most recent disturbance.
Within 2 days of reaching final grade.
Within 7 days of reaching final grade within that
area.
Temporary Stabilization
Area requiring temporary stabilization Time frame to apply erosion controls
Any disturbed area within 50 feet of a stream Within 2 days of the most recent disturbance if that
and not at final grade.
area will remain idle for more than 21 days.
For all construction activities, any disturbed
area, including soil stockpiles that will be Within 7 days of the most recent disturbance within
dormant for more than 21 days but less than the area.
one year, and not within 50 feet of a stream.
Disturbed areas that will be idle over winter. Prior to November 1.
Note: Where vegetative stabilization techniques may cause structural instability or are otherwise
unobtainable, alternative stabilization techniques must be employed. These techniques may
include mulching or erosion matting.
Table Appendix C- 2 Temporary Stabilization
(9.22) Permanent stabilization of conveyance channels. Applicants shall undertake special
measures to stabilize channels and outfalls and prevent erosive flows. Measures may include
seeding, dormant seeding, mulching, erosion control matting, sodding, riprap, natural channel
design with bioengineering techniques, or rock check dams, all as defined in the most recent
edition of Rainwater and Land Development or the Field Office Technical Guide available at
www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
9.3 RUNOFF CONTROL PRACTICES. The SWP3 shall incorporate measures that control the flow
of runoff from disturbed areas so as to prevent erosion. Such practices may include rock check dams,
pipe slope drains, diversions to direct flow away from exposed soils and protective grading practices.
These practices shall divert runoff away from disturbed areas and steep slopes where practicable.
9.4 SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES. The SWP3 shall include a description of, and detailed
drawings for, all structural practices that shall store runoff, allowing sediments to settle and/or divert
flows away from exposed soils or otherwise limit runoff from exposed areas. Structural practices shall be
used to control erosion and trap sediment from a site remaining disturbed for more than 14 days. Such
practices may include, among others: sediment settling ponds, silt fences, storm drain inlet protection,
and earth diversion dikes or channels which direct runoff to a sediment settling pond. All sediment
control practices must be capable of ponding runoff in order to be considered functional. Earth diversion
dikes or channels alone are not considered a sediment control practice unless used in conjunction with a
sediment settling pond. Sediment control practices must meet the following requirements:
(9.41) Timing. Sediment control structures shall be functional throughout the course of earth disturbing
activity. Sediment basins and perimeter sediment barriers shall be implemented prior to grading and
within seven (7) days from the start of grubbing. They shall continue to function until the up slope
development area is restabilized. As construction progresses and the topography is altered, appropriate
controls must be constructed or existing controls altered to address the changing drainage patterns.
(9.42) Sediment settling ponds Areas of disturbance 10 acres or greater or concentrated runoff from
drainage areas that exceed the design capacity of silt fence or inlet protection, as determined in Table 3
below, shall pass through a sediment settling pond or equivalent best management practice upon
approval from the [Local Reviewing Agency].
The sediment-settling pond shall be sized to provide at least 67 cubic yards of storage per acre of total
contributing drainage area. When determining the total contributing drainage area, off-site areas and
areas which remain undisturbed by construction activity must be included unless runoff from these areas
is diverted away from the sediment settling pond and is not co-mingled with sediment-laden runoff. The
depth of the sediment-settling pond must be less than or equal to five (5) feet. The configuration
between the inlets and the outlet of the basin must provide at least two units of length for each one unit
of width (> 2:1 length:width ratio). Sediment must be removed from the sediment-settling pond when the
design capacity has been reduced by 40 percent. This limit is typically reached when sediment occupies
one-half of the basin depth. When designing sediment settling ponds, the applicant must consider public
safety, especially as it relates to children, as a design factor for the sediment basin and alternative
sediment controls must be used where site limitations would preclude a safe design. The use of a
combination of sediment and erosion control measures in order to achieve maximum pollutant removal
is encouraged.
(9.43) Silt fence and diversions. Sheet flow runoff from denuded areas shall be intercepted by silt
fence or diversions to protect adjacent properties, water resources, and wetlands from sediment
transported via sheet flow. Where intended to provide sediment control, silt fence shall be placed on a
level contour and shall be capable of temporarily ponding runoff. The relationship between the
maximum drainage area to silt fence for a particular slope range is shown in Table 3 below. Stormwater
diversion practices shall be used to keep runoff away from disturbed areas and steep slopes. Such
devices, which include swales, dikes or berms, may receive stormwater runoff from areas up to 10
acres.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
Maximum Drainage Area to Silt Fence
Maximum Drainage Area (acres) to 100
linear feet of silt fence
Range of Slope for a drainage area (%)
0.5 2% but < 20%
0.125 > 20% but < 50%
Table Appendix C-3 Maximum Drainage Area To Silt Fence
(9.44) Inlet protection. Erosion and sediment control practices, such as boxed inlet protection, shall be
installed to minimize sediment-laden water entering active storm drain systems. Straw or hay bales are
not acceptable forms of inlet protection.
(9.45) Off-site tracking of sediment and dust control. Best management practices must be
implemented to ensure sediment is not tracked off-site and that dust is controlled. These best
management practices must include, but are not limited to, the following:
A. Construction entrances shall be built and shall serve as the only permitted points of ingress and
egress to the development area. These entrances shall be built of a stabilized pad of aggregate stone
or recycled concrete or cement sized greater than 2” in diameter, placed over a geotextile fabric, and
constructed in conformance with specifications in the most recent edition of the Rainwater and Land
Development Manual.
B. Streets directly adjacent to construction entrances and receiving traffic from the development
area, shall be cleaned daily to remove sediment tracked off-site. If applicable, the catch basins on these
streets nearest to the construction entrances shall also be cleaned weekly. Based on site conditions,
[Local Reviewing Agency] may require additional best management practices to control off site
tracking and dust. These additional BMPs may include:
C. Silt fence or construction fence installed around the perimeter of the development area to
ensure that all vehicle traffic adheres to designated construction entrances.
D. Designated wheel-washing areas. Wash water from these areas must be directed to a
designated sediment trap, the sediment-settling pond, or to a sump pump for dewatering in conformance
with section 9.52 and 9.7 of this regulation.
E. Applicants shall take all necessary measures to comply with applicable regulations regarding
fugitive dust emissions, including obtaining necessary permits for such emissions. The [Local
Reviewing Agency] may require dust controls including the use of water trucks to wet disturbed areas,
tarping stockpiles, temporary stabilization of disturbed areas, and regulation of the speed of vehicles on
the site.
(9.46) Stream protection. Construction vehicles shall avoid water resources and wetlands. If the
applicant is permitted to disturb areas within 50 feet of a water resource or wetland, the following
conditions shall be addressed in the SWP3:
A All BMPs and stream crossings shall be designed as specified in the most recent edition of the
Rainwater and Land Development Manual.
B. Structural practices shall be designated and implemented on site to protect water resources or
wetlands from the impacts of sediment runoff.
C. No structural sediment controls (e.g., the installation of silt fence or a sediment settling pond instream)
shall be used in a water resource or wetland.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
D. Where stream crossings for roads or utilities are necessary and permitted, the project shall be
designed such that the number of stream crossings and the width of the disturbance are minimized.
E. Temporary stream crossings shall be constructed if water resources or wetlands will be crossed
by construction vehicles during construction.
F. Construction of bridges, culverts, or sediment control structures shall not place soil, debris, or
other particulate material into or close to the water resources or wetlands in such a manner that it may
slough, slip, or erode.
(9.47) Modifying controls. If periodic inspections or other information indicates a control has been used
inappropriately or incorrectly, the applicant shall replace or modify the control for site conditions.
9.5 NON-SEDIMENT POLLUTANT CONTROLS: No solid or liquid waste, including building
materials, shall be discharged in stormwater runoff. The applicant must implement site best
management practices to prevent toxic materials, hazardous materials, or other debris from entering
water resources or wetlands. These practices shall include but are not limited to the following:
(9.51) Waste Materials: A covered Dumpster shall be made available for the proper disposal of
garbage, plaster, drywall, grout, gypsum, and other waste materials.
(9.52) Concrete Truck Wash Out: The washing of concrete material into a street, catch basin, or other
public facility or natural resource is prohibited. A designated area for concrete washout shall be made
available.
(9.53) Fuel/Liquid Tank Storage: All fuel/liquid tanks and drums shall be stored in a marked storage
area A dike shall be constructed around this storage area with a minimum capacity equal to 110% of the
volume of all containers in the storage area. All storage areas will be lined with clay to prevent the
contamination of groundwater resources.
(9.54) Toxic or Hazardous Waste Disposal: Any toxic or hazardous waste shall be disposed of
properly.
(9.55) Contaminated Soils Disposal and Runoff: Contaminated soils from redevelopment sites shall be
disposed of properly. Runoff from contaminated soils shall not be discharged from the site. Proper
permits shall be obtained for development projects on solid waste landfill sites or redevelopment sites.
9.6 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER REQUIREMENTS. The SWP3 shall be consistent with applicable
State and/or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer, or septic system regulations, including provisions
prohibiting waste disposal by open burning, and shall provide for the proper disposal of contaminated
soils located within the development area.
9.7 TRENCH AND GROUND WATER CONTROL. There shall be no sediment-laden or turbid
discharges to water resources or wetlands resulting from dewatering activities. If trench or ground water
contains sediment, it must pass through a sediment-settling pond or other equally effective sediment
control device, prior to being discharged from the construction site. Alternatively, sediment may be
removed by settling in place or by dewatering into a sump pit, filter bag or comparable practice. Ground
water dewatering which does not contain sediment or other pollutants is not required to be treated prior
to discharge. However, care must be taken when discharging ground water to ensure that it does not
become pollutant-laden by traversing over disturbed soils or other pollutant sources.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
9.8 INTERNAL INSPECTIONS. All controls on the site shall be inspected at least once every seven
calendar days and within 24 hours after any storm event greater than one-half inch of rain per 24 hour
period. The applicant shall assign qualified inspection personnel to conduct these inspections to ensure
that the control practices are functional and to evaluate whether the SWP3 is adequate, or whether
additional control measures are required. Qualified inspection personnel are individuals with knowledge
and experience in the installation and maintenance of sediment and erosion controls. These inspections
shall meet the following requirements:
(9.81) Disturbed areas and areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation shall
be inspected for evidence of or the potential for, pollutants entering the drainage system
(9.82) Erosion and sediment control measures identified in the SWP3 shall be observed to ensure that
they are operating correctly. The applicant shall utilize an inspection form provided by the [Local
Reviewing Agency] or an alternate form acceptable to the [Local Reviewing Agency].
(9.83) Discharge locations shall be inspected to determine whether erosion and sediment control
measures are effective in preventing significant impacts to the receiving water resource or wetlands.
(9.84) Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site shall be inspected for evidence of off-site vehicle
tracking.
(9.85) The applicant shall maintain for three (3) years following final stabilization the results of these
inspections, the names and qualifications of personnel making the inspections, the dates of inspections,
major observations relating to the implementation of the SWP3, a certification as to whether the facility is
in compliance with the SWP3, and information on any incidents of non-compliance determined by these
inspections.
9.9 MAINTENANCE. The SWP3 shall be designed to minimize maintenance requirements All
control practices shall be maintained and repaired as needed to ensure continued performance of their
intended function until final stabilization. All sediment control practices must be maintained in a
functional condition until all up slope areas they control reach final stabilization. The applicant shall
provide a description of maintenance procedures needed to ensure the continued performance of control
practices and shall ensure a responsible party and adequate funding to conduct this maintenance, all as
determined by the [Local Reviewing Agency]. When inspections reveal the need for repair,
replacement, or installation of erosion and sediment control BMPs, the following procedures shall be
followed:
(9.91) When practices require repair or maintenance. If an internal inspection reveals that a
control practice is in need of repair or maintenance, with the exception of a sediment-settling
pond, it must be repaired or maintained within three (3) days of the inspection. Sediment settling
ponds must be repaired or maintained within ten (10) days of the inspection.
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
(9.92) When practices fail to provide their intended function. If an internal inspection reveals that a
control practice fails to perform its intended function as detailed in the SWP3 and that another, more
appropriate control practice is required, the SWP3 must be amended and the new control practice must
be installed within ten (10) days of the inspection.
(9.93) When practices depicted on the SWP3 are not installed. If an internal inspection reveals that a
control practice has not been implemented in accordance with the schedule, the control practice must be
implemented within ten (10) days from the date of the inspection. If the internal inspection reveals that
the planned control practice is not needed, the record must contain a statement of explanation as to why
the control practice is not needed.
9.10 FINAL STABILIZATION. Final stabilization shall be determined by the [Local Reviewing
Agency].
10. Post-Construction Runoff Control
10.1 So that a receiving stream’s physical, chemical, and biological characteristics are protected and
stream functions are maintained, post-construction stormwater practices shall provide perpetual
management of runoff quality and quantity. To meet the post-construction requirements of this
regulation, the SWP3 must contain a description of the post-construction BMPs that will be installed
during construction for the site and the rationale for their selection. The rationale must address the
anticipated impacts on the channel and floodplain morphology, hydrology, and water quality.
10.2 Detail drawings and maintenance plans must be provided for all post-construction BMPs.
Maintenance plans shall be provided by the permittee to the post-construction operator of the site
(including homeowner associations) upon completion of construction activities. For sites located within a
community with a regulated municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), the permittee, land owner,
or other entity with legal control of the property may be required to develop and implement a
maintenance plan to comply with the requirements of the MS4. Maintenance plans must ensure that
pollutants collected within structural post-construction practices, be disposed of in accordance with local,
state, and federal regulations.
This regulation does not preclude the use of innovation or experimental post-construction stormwater
management technologies. Linear construction projects, (e.g., pipeline or utility line installation), which
do not result in the installation of impervious surface, are not required to comply with this regulation.
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However, linear construction projects must be designed to minimize the number of stream crossings and
the width of disturbance.
10.3 Large Construction Activities. For all large construction activities (involving the disturbance of five
or more acres of land or will disturb less than five acres, but is a part of a larger common plan of
development or sale which will disturb five or more acres of land), the post-construction BMP(s) chosen
must be able to detain stormwater runoff for protection of the stream channels, stream erosion control,
and improved water quality. Structural (designed) post-construction stormwater treatment practices shall
be incorporated into the permanent drainage system for the site. The BMP(s) chosen must be sized to
treat the water quality volume (WQv) and ensure compliance with Ohio’s Water Quality Standards in
OAC Chapter 3745-1. The WQv shall be equivalent to the volume of runoff from a 0.75-inch rainfall and
shall be determined according to one of the two following methods:
(10.31) Through a site hydrologic study approved by the local municipal permitting authority that uses
continuous hydrologic simulation and local long-term hourly precipitation records or
(10.32) Using the following equation:
WQv = C * P * A /12 where:
WQv = water quality volume in acre-feet
C = runoff coefficient appropriate for storms less than 1 inch
(see Table 1)
P = 0.75 inch precipitation depth
A = area draining into the BMP in acres
Land Use Runoff Coefficient
Industrial & commercial 0.8
High Density Residential (> 8 dwellings/acre) 0.5
Medium Density Residential (4 to 8 dwellings/acre) 0.4
Low Density Residential (

Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
(10.33) Where the land use will be mixed, the runoff coefficient should be calculated using a
weighted average. For example, if 60% of the contributing drainage area to the stormwater treatment
structure is Low Density Residential, 30% is High Density Residential, and 10% is Open Space, the
runoff coefficient is calculated as follows (0.6)(0.3) + (0.3)(0.5) + (0.1)(0.2) = 0.35.
(10.34) An additional volume equal to 20 percent of the WQv shall be incorporated into the BMP for
sediment storage and/or reduced infiltration capacity. The [Local Reviewing Agency] and Ohio EPA
recommends that BMPs be designed according to the methodology included in the Rainwater and Land
Development manual. BMPs shall be designed such that the drain time is long enough to provide
treatment, but short enough to provide storage available for successive rainfall events as described in
Table 5 below.
Target Draw Down (Drain) Times for Structural Post Construction Treatment
Control Practices
Best Management Practice Drain Time of WQy
Infiltration
Vegetated Swale and Filter Strip
Extended Detention Basin (Dry Basins)
Retention Basins (Wet Basins)
Constructed Wetlands (above permanent pool)
Media Filtration, Bioretention
24-48 hours
24 hours
48 hours
24 hours
24 hours
40 hours
Table Appendix C- 5 Target Draw Down (Drain) Times for Structural Post Construction
Treatment Control Practices
* Provide both a permanent pool and an extended detention volume above the permanent
pool, each sized at 0.75 * WQv
(10.35) The permittee may request approval from the [Local Reviewing Agency] to use alternative
structural post-construction BMPs if the permittee can demonstrate that the alternative BMPs are
equivalent in effectiveness to those listed in Table 5 above. Construction activities shall be exempt from
this condition if it can be demonstrated that the WQv is provided within an existing structural postconstruction
BMP that is part of a larger common plan of development or if structural post-construction
BMPs are addressed in a regional or local stormwater management plan. Public entities (i.e., the state,
counties, townships, cities, or villages) shall comply with the post-construction stormwater management
requirements of Section 10 for roadway construction projects. For redevelopment projects (i.e.,
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
developments on previously developed property), post-construction practices shall either ensure a 20
percent net reduction of the site impervious area, provide for treatment of at least 20 percent of the
WQv, or a combination of the two.
10.4 Small Construction Activities. For all small land disturbance activities (which disturb one or more,
but less than five acres of land and is not a part of a larger common plan of development or sale which
will disturb five or more acres of land), a description of measures that will be installed during the
construction process to control pollutants in stormwater discharges that will occur after construction
operations have been completed must be included in the SWP3. Structural measures should be placed
on upland soils to the degree attainable.
(10.41) Such practices may include, but are not limited to: stormwater detention structures (including
wet basins); stormwater retention structures; flow attenuation by use of open vegetated swales and
natural depressions; infiltration of runoff onsite; and sequential systems (which combine several
practices). The SWP3 shall include an explanation of the technical basis used to select the practices to
control pollution where flows exceed pre-development levels.
(10.42) Velocity dissipation devices shall be placed at discharge locations and along the length of any
outfall channel to provide non-erosive flow velocity from the structure to a watercourse so that the
natural physical and biological characteristics and functions are maintained and protected (e.g., no
significant changes in the hydrological regime of the receiving water).
11. Fees
Pursuant to ORC Section 307.79 (A), the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan review, filing, and
inspection fee is part of a complete submittal and is required to be submitted to the [Local Reviewing
Agency] before land disturbance of one or more acres. Please consult with [Local Reviewing Agency]
for current fee schedule.
12. Bond
12.1 If a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan is required by this regulation, soil disturbing activities
shall not be permitted until a security bond, escrow account, cash bond or certified check has been
deposited with the [Local Reviewing Agency] Finance Department. The bond amount shall be a
[$1,500] minimum, and an additional [$1,500] paid for each subsequent acre or fraction thereof. The
bond will be used for the [Local Reviewing Agency] to perform the obligations otherwise to be
performed by the owner of the development area as stated in this regulation and to allow all work to be
performed as needed in the event that the applicant fails to comply with the provisions of this regulation.
The bond shall be returned, less [Local Reviewing Agency] administrative fees as detailed in Chapter
AXE of the [Local Reviewing Agency] Codified Ordinances, after all work required by this regulation
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Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance
has been completed and final stabilization has been reached, all as determined by the [Local
Reviewing Agency]. Ohio counties may require performance bonds or other guarantees for water
management improvement as stated in the ORC Chapter 711.101.
13. Enforcement
13.1 All development areas are subject to external inspections by [Local Inspecting Agency] to
ensure compliance with the approved SWP3 and the performance criteria detailed in section 9.
13.2 After each external inspection, the [Local Inspecting Agency] shall prepare and distribute a
status report to the applicant.
13.3 If an external inspection determines that operations are being conducted in violation of the
approved SWP3 the [Local Inspecting Agency] may issue a notice of violation (NOV).
14. Violations
14.1 No person shall violate or cause or knowingly permit to be violated any of the provisions of this
regulation, or fail to comply with any of such provisions or with any lawful requirements of any public
authority made pursuant to this regulation, or knowingly use or cause or permit the use of any lands in
violation of this regulation or in violation of any permit granted under this regulation.
14.2 If it appears that a violation of any of these Rules has occurred, the owner and developer will be
notified of deficiencies or noncompliance in the form of a Notice of Violation (NOV), return receipt
requested. If within 3 working days after receipt of the letter from the Board of [County] Commissioners
or representative, the operator has not rectified the deficiency or received approval of plans for its
correction, the deficiency or noncompliance shall be reported to the Board of [County Name] County
Commissioners for consideration of a "finding of violation."
14.3 If the Board of [County Name] County Commissioners determines that a violation exists and
requests the Prosecuting Attorney of [County Name] County in writing, the Prosecuting Attorney shall
seek an injunction or other appropriate relief to abate excessive erosion or sedimentation and secure
compliance with these Rules. In granting relief, a court may order the construction of sediment control
improvements or implementation of other control measures.
15. Appeals
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Any person aggrieved by any order, requirement, determination, or any other action or inaction by the
County of [County Name] in relation to this regulation may appeal to the court of common pleas. Such
an appeal shall be made in conformity with [Insert appropriate Ohio Revised Code sections]. Written
notice of appeal shall be served on the County of [County Name].
16. Penalty
16.1 The Board of the [County] Commissioners or representative may issue an immediate stop work
order if the violator failed to obtain any federal, state or local permit necessary for erosion and sediment
control, earth movement, clearing or cut and fill activity pursuant to chapter 307.79 of the ORC.
16.2 Any person, firm, entity or corporation; including but not limited to, the owner of the property, his
agents and assigns, occupant, property manager, and any contractor or subcontractor who violates or
fails to comply with any provision of this regulation is guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree and
shall be fined no more than five hundred dollars ($500.00) or imprisoned for no more than sixty (60)
days, or both, for each erosion and sediment control violation. A separate offense shall be deemed
committed each day during or on which a violation or noncompliance occurs or continues.
16.3 The imposition of any other penalties provided herein shall not preclude the [County Name]
County instituting an appropriate action or proceeding in a Court of proper jurisdiction to prevent an
unlawful development, or to restrain, correct, or abate a violation, or to require compliance with the
provisions of this regulation or other applicable laws, ordinances, rules, or regulations, or the orders of
the [County Name] County.”
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Illicit Discharge & Illegal Connection Control Ordinance
MODEL ORDINANCE FOR ILLICIT DISCHARGE &
ILLEGAL CONNECTION CONTROL
______________________________________________________________________________________
WHEREAS, illicit discharges to the [community] separate storm sewer system create water quality risks to
public health, safety, and general welfare; and,
WHEREAS, illicit discharges may necessitate repair of storm sewers and ditches; damage to public and
private property; and may damage water resources by reducing water quality; and,
WHEREAS, there are watershed-wide efforts to reduce illicit discharges to the [rivers to which community
drains] and to protect and enhance the unique water resources of the [rivers to which community drains]
watershed(s); and,
WHEREAS, the [community] is a member of the [insert names of watershed organizations or utilities in
which the community is participating] and recognizes its obligation as a part of these
watersheds/organizations to control illicit discharges and to protect water quality within its borders; and,
WHEREAS, 40 C.F.R. Parts 9, 122, 123, and 124, and Ohio Administrative Code 3745-39 require
designated communities, including the [community], to develop a Storm Water Management
Program that, among other components, requires the [community] to prohibit illicit discharges to their storm
water system and to implement appropriate enforcement procedures and actions to detect and eliminate such
illicit discharges; and,
WHEREAS, Article XVIII, Section 3 of the Ohio Constitution grants municipalities the legal authority to
exercise all powers of local self-government and to adopt and enforce within their limits such local police,
sanitary, and other similar regulations, as are not in conflict with general laws.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT ORDAINED by the Council of [community], county of [county],
State of Ohio, that:
PLEASE NOTE
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This model was developed to assist communities in implementing a storm water management program to control and
eliminate illicit discharges. This model was reviewed by the Ohio EPA and complies with Ohio EPA’s Phase II Storm
Water Management requirements to prohibit illicit discharges to storm water systems and to implement appropriate
enforcement procedures and actions to detect and eliminate such illicit discharges.
Ohio EPA’s Phase II Program requires Phase II designated entities to develop and implement a program to detect and
eliminate illicit discharges. This includes the adoption of regulations to provide the Phase II designated entity the
necessary authority to carry out this program. This model ordinance is intended to provide communities with a template
for that regulation. All areas highlighted in bold/italics must be adjusted for your community.
This model is a collaborative effort of the Chagrin River Watershed Partners, Inc., Chagrin Valley Engineering,
Ltd. representing several CRWP member communities, the Cuyahoga County Board of Health, and the Lake County
General Health District.
SECTION 1: Codified Ordinance Chapter XXXX Illicit Discharge and Illegal Connection
Control is hereby adopted to read in total as follows:
CHAPTER XXXX
Illicit Discharge and Illegal Connection Control
XXXX.01 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this regulation is to provide for the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the
[community] through the regulation of illicit discharges to the municipal separate storm sewer system
(MS4). This regulation establishes methods for controlling the introduction of pollutants into the MS4 in
order to comply with requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
process as required by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA). The objectives of this
regulation are:
A. To prohibit illicit discharges and illegal connections to the MS4.
B. To establish legal authority to carry out inspections, monitoring procedures, and enforcement actions
necessary to ensure compliance with this regulation.
XXXX.02 APPLICABILITY
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This regulation shall apply to all residential, commercial, industrial, or institutional facilities responsible for
discharges to the MS4 and on any lands in the [community], except for those discharges generated by the
activities detailed in Section XXXX.07 (A)(1) to (A)(3) of this regulation.
XXXX.03 DEFINITIONS
The words and terms used in this regulation, unless otherwise expressly stated, shall have the following
meaning:
A. Best Management Practices (BMPs): means schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, general
good house keeping practices, pollution prevention and educational practices, maintenance
procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm
water. BMPs also include treatment practices, operating procedures, and practices to control site
runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or water disposal, or drainage from raw materials storage.
B. Community: means the [community], its designated representatives, boards, or commissions.
C. Environmental Protection Agency or United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA):
means the United States Environmental Protection Agency, including but not limited to the Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA), or any duly authorized official of said agency.
D. Floatable Material: in general this term means any foreign matter that may float or remain suspended
in the water column, and includes but is not limited to, plastic, aluminum cans, wood products,
bottles, and paper products.
E. Hazardous Material: means any material including any substance, waste, or combination thereof,
which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may
cause, or significantly contribute to, a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, safety,
property, or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise
managed.
F. Illicit Discharge: as defined at 40 C.F.R. 122.26 (b)(2) means any discharge to an MS4 that is not
composed entirely of storm water, except for those discharges to an MS4 pursuant to a NPDES permit
or noted in Section XXXX.07 of this regulation.
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G. Illegal Connection: means any drain or conveyance, whether on the surface or subsurface, that allows
an illicit discharge to enter the MS4.
H. Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4): as defined at 40 C.F.R. 122.26 (b)(8), municipal
separate storm sewer system means a conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with
drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or
storm drains):
1. Owned or operated by a State, city, town, borough, county, parish, district, municipality,
township, county, district, association, or other public body (created by or pursuant to State law)
having jurisdiction over sewage, industrial wastes, including special districts under State law such
as a sewer district, or similar entity, or an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal organization,
or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the Clean Water Act that
discharges to waters of the United States;
2. Designed or used for collecting or conveying storm water;
3. Which is not a combined sewer; and
4. Which is not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40 C.F.R. 122.2.
I. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Storm Water Discharge Permit: means a
permit issued by the EPA (or by a State under authority delegated pursuant to 33 USC § 1342(b)) that
authorizes the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States, whether the permit is applicable
on an individual, group, or general area-wide basis.
J. Off-Lot Discharging Home Sewage Treatment System: means a system designed to treat home
sewage on-site and discharges treated wastewater effluent off the property into a storm water or
surface water conveyance or system.
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K. Owner/Operator: means any individual, association, organization, partnership, firm, corporation or
other entity recognized by law and acting as either the owner or on the owner's behalf.
L. Pollutant: means anything that causes or contributes to pollution. Pollutants may include, but are not
limited to, paints, varnishes, solvents, oil and other automotive fluids, non-hazardous liquid and solid
wastes, yard wastes, refuse, rubbish, garbage, litter or other discarded or abandoned objects, floatable
materials, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, hazardous materials, wastes, sewage, dissolved and
particulate metals, animal wastes, residues that result from constructing a structure, and noxious or
offensive matter of any kind.
M. Storm Water: any surface flow, runoff, and drainage consisting entirely of water from any form of
natural precipitation, and resulting from such precipitation.
N. Wastewater: The spent water of a community. From the standpoint of a source, it may be a
combination of the liquid and water-carried wastes from residences, commercial buildings, industrial
plants, and institutions.
XXXX.04 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
Compliance with the provisions of this regulation shall not relieve any person from responsibility for damage
to any person otherwise imposed by law. The provisions of this regulation are promulgated to promote the
health, safety, and welfare of the public and are not designed for the benefit of any individual or for the
benefit of any particular parcel of property.
XXXX.05 CONFLICTS, SEVERABILITY, NUISANCES & RESPONSIBILITY
A. Where this regulation is in conflict with other provisions of law or ordinance, the most restrictive
provisions, as determined by the [community], shall prevail.
B. If any clause, section, or provision of this regulation is declared invalid or unconstitutional by a court
of competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remainder shall not be affected thereby.
C. This regulation shall not be construed as authorizing any person to maintain a nuisance on their
property, and compliance with the provisions of this regulation shall not be a defense in any action to
abate such a nuisance.
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D. Failure of the [community] to observe or recognize hazardous or unsightly conditions or to
recommend corrective measures shall not relieve the site owner from the responsibility for the
condition or damage resulting therefrom, and shall not result in the [community], its officers,
employees, or agents being responsible for any condition or damage resulting therefrom.
XXXX.06 RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADMINISTRATION
The [community] shall administer, implement, and enforce the provisions of this regulation. The
[community] may contract with the [county] Board of Health to conduct inspections and monitoring and
to assist with enforcement actions.
XXXX.07 DISCHARGE AND CONNECTION PROHIBITIONS
A. Prohibition of Illicit Discharges. No person shall discharge, or cause to be discharged, an illicit
discharge into the MS4. The commencement, conduct, or continuance of any illicit discharge to the
MS4 is prohibited except as described below:
1. Water line flushing; landscape irrigation; diverted stream flows; rising ground waters;
uncontaminated ground water infiltration; uncontaminated pumped ground water; discharges
from potable water sources; foundation drains; air conditioning condensate; irrigation water;
springs; water from crawl space pumps; footing drains; lawn watering; individual residential car
washing; flows from riparian habitats and wetlands; dechlorinated swimming pool discharges;
street wash water; and discharges or flows from fire fighting activities. These discharges are
exempt until such time as they are determined by the [community] to be significant contributors
of pollutants to the MS4.
2. Discharges specified in writing by the [community] as being necessary to protect public health
and safety.
3. Sewage effluent from household sewage treatment systems may be permitted to discharge to a
storm sewer or other drainageway from residential 1, 2, or 3 family dwellings by the [County]
Board of Health in accordance with Ohio Administrative Code 3701-29. All sewage systems that
discharge effluent off-lot to surface waters are subject to NPDES permits issued by Ohio EPA,
and must comply with quality standards.
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B. Prohibition of Illegal Connections. The construction, use, maintenance, or continued existence of
illegal connections to the MS4 is prohibited.
1. This prohibition expressly includes, without limitation, illegal connections made in the past,
regardless of whether the connection was permissible under law or practices applicable or
prevailing at the time of connection.
2. A person is considered to be in violation of this regulation if the person connects a line conveying
illicit discharges to the MS4, or allows such a connection to continue.
XXXX.08 MONITORING OF ILLICIT DISCHARGES AND ILLEGAL CONNECTIONS
A. Establishment of an Illicit Discharge and Illegal Connection Monitoring Program: The [community]
shall establish a program to detect and eliminate illicit discharges and illegal connections to the MS4.
This program shall include the mapping of the MS4, including MS4 outfalls and home sewage
treatment systems; the routine inspection of storm water outfalls to the MS4, and the systematic
investigation of potential residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities for the sources
of any dry weather flows found as the result of these inspections.
B. Inspection of Residential, Commercial, Industrial, or Institutional Facilities.
1. The [community] shall be permitted to enter and inspect facilities subject to this regulation as
often as may be necessary to determine compliance with this regulation.
2. The [community] shall have the right to set up at facilities subject to this regulation such devices
as are necessary to conduct monitoring and/or sampling of the facility's storm water discharge, as
determined by the [community].
3. The [community] shall have the right to require the facility owner/operator to install monitoring
equipment as necessary. This sampling and monitoring equipment shall be maintained at all times
in safe and proper operating condition by the facility owner/operator at the owner/operator’s
expense. All devices used to measure storm water flow and quality shall be calibrated by the
[community] to ensure their accuracy.
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4. Any temporary or permanent obstruction to safe and reasonable access to the facility to be
inspected and/or sampled shall be promptly removed by the facility’s owner/operator at the
written or oral request of the [community] and shall not be replaced. The costs of clearing such
access shall be borne by the facility owner/operator.
5. Unreasonable delays in allowing the [community] access to a facility subject to this regulation for
the purposes of illicit discharge inspection is a violation of this regulation.
6. If the [community] is refused access to any part of the facility from which storm water is
discharged, and the [community] demonstrates probable cause to believe that there may be a
violation of this regulation, or that there is a need to inspect and/or sample as part of an inspection
and sampling program designed to verify compliance with this regulation or any order issued
hereunder, or to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, the [community] may seek issuance
of a search warrant, civil remedies including but not limited to injunctive relief, and/or criminal
remedies from any court of appropriate jurisdiction.
7. Any costs associated with these inspections shall be assessed to the facility owner/operator.
XXXX.09 ENFORCEMENT
A. Notice of Violation. When the [community] finds that a person has violated a prohibition or failed to
meet a requirement of this regulation, the [community] may order compliance by written Notice of
Violation. Such notice must specify the violation and shall be hand delivered, and/or sent by
registered mail, to the owner/operator of the facility. Such notice may require the following actions:
1. The performance of monitoring, analyses, and reporting;
2. The elimination of illicit discharges or illegal connections;
3. That violating discharges, practices, or operations cease and desist;
4. The abatement or remediation of storm water pollution or contamination hazards and the
restoration of any affected property; or
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5. The implementation of source control or treatment BMPs.
B. If abatement of a violation and/or restoration of affected property is required, the Notice of Violation
shall set forth a deadline within which such remediation or restoration must be completed. Said
Notice shall further advise that, should the facility owner/operator fail to remediate or restore within
the established deadline, a legal action for enforcement may be initiated.
C. Any person receiving a Notice of Violation must meet compliance standards within the time
established in the Notice of Violation.
D. Administrative Hearing: If the violation has not been corrected pursuant to the requirements set forth
in the Notice of Violation, the [community] shall schedule an administrative hearing to determine
reasons for non-compliance and to determine the next enforcement activity. Notice of the
administrative hearing shall be hand delivered and/or sent registered mail.
Note: Communities need to determine appropriate body to hear this, such as Board of Zoning
Appeals, Planning Commission, or other legislative body.
E. Injunctive Relief: It shall be unlawful for any owner/operator to violate any provision or fail to
comply with any of the requirements of this regulation pursuant to O.R.C. 3709.211. If a
owner/operator has violated or continues to violate the provisions of this regulation, the [community]
may petition for a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the owner/operator from activities
that would create further violations or compelling the owner/operator to perform abatement or
remediation of the violation.
XXXX.10 REMEDIES NOT EXCLUSIVE
The remedies listed in this regulation are not exclusive of any other remedies available under any applicable
federal, state or local law and it is in the discretion of the [community] to seek cumulative remedies.
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