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úìéà ìù éðéì÷ìà-÷ì÷ä èéðøâä ìù äæðâåøèôä<br />
ïîñééå úìééà<br />
2010 éðåé ,ò"ùú æåîú ,íéìùåøé<br />
GSI/16/2010 ’ñî çåã
משרד התשתיות הלאומיות<br />
המכון הגיאולוגי<br />
הפטרוגנזה של הגרניט הקלק-אלקליני של אילת<br />
איילת וייסמן<br />
עבודת זו הוגשה כחיבור לקבלת תואר "מוסמך במדעי הטבע" במחלקה לגיאולוגיה,<br />
המכון למדעי כדור הארץ, הפקולטה למדעי הטבע, האוניברסיטה העברית, ירושלים.<br />
העבודה נעשתה בהדרכתם של:<br />
פרופ' עודד נבון, המחלקה לגיאולוגיה, המכון למדעי כדור הארץ, האוניברסיטה העברית, ירושלים<br />
ד"ר מרדכי שטיין, המכון הגיאולוגי הישראלי, ירושלים<br />
ד"ר רונית קסל, המחלקה לגיאולוגיה, המכון למדעי כדור הארץ, האוניברסיטה העברית, ירושלים<br />
דוח מס' GSI/16/2010<br />
ירושלים,<br />
תמוז תש"ע,<br />
יוני 2010
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% #),$%AW-R-23-X $ <br />
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CPL#&PPL <br />
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# # #<br />
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& Fe 2 O 3 & ! !) !<br />
" Fe total!%Fe 2 O 3 &! $Fe 2 O 3 ;<br />
FeO*/0.89981&%FeO $<br />
& # --21<br />
wt% # ,,--'<br />
wt% !<br />
1-12 wt%<br />
,
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!#!#<br />
#<br />
! Fe 2 O 3 ; & Al 2 O 3 ,TiO 2 #MgO #CaO !<br />
#"# <br />
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)-,- wt%$ ! K 2 O&<br />
! <br />
2 wt% & <br />
0 wt% $ P 2 O 5 ! %<br />
! " #Na 2 O! #%<br />
! <br />
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%)2$ !ppm&) !<br />
Pb, "<br />
#<br />
20 <br />
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! #Zr, Sr, La, Ba<br />
#K 2 O &<br />
Rb&<br />
%<br />
10&$ <br />
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! Nd, Yb, Lu<br />
! <br />
! "# "#<br />
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<br />
#3.7 #%Nakamura, 1974$ " # !<br />
Lu& La #% $ <br />
(La/Sm) N =2.2<br />
&<br />
(La/Lu) N =6.3 <br />
"LREE&<br />
%La/Sm) N =4&(La/Lu) N =12<br />
<br />
-- )-1#-2# <br />
-
" # HREE&<br />
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Eu <br />
-# Eu/Eu* <br />
! Eu/Eu*<br />
&<br />
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<br />
# Zr&Pb, Sr#<br />
! Nb <br />
<br />
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2
!<br />
sample AD-S-1 AD-S-3 AD-S-4 AD-S-5 AD-S-5-H AD-S-6<br />
location Shchoret Shchoret Shchoret Shchoret Shchoret Shchoret<br />
rock type granite m. xenolith m. xenolith m. xenolith granite granite<br />
source (a) PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 72.70 47.50 59.00 58.10 72.50 74.40<br />
TiO 2 0.38 1.07 1.08 1.19 0.36 0.27<br />
Al 2 O 3 11.90 15.90 15.50 14.90 13.60 12.90<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * (b) 2.73 9.50 5.08 6.30 2.13 1.61<br />
CaO 1.82 7.96 4.67 4.46 2.01 1.14<br />
MgO 0.49 7.06 2.51 3.40 0.81 0.64<br />
MnO 0.28 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.04 0.04<br />
Na 2 O 3.96 2.56 5.40 4.36 4.11 3.96<br />
K 2 O 4.01 1.60 0.96 1.70 3.26 4.36<br />
P 2 O 5 0.08 0.26 0.32 0.35 0.09 0.08<br />
L.O.I (c) 1.65 2.13 3.41 2.67 0.73 0.78<br />
Total 100.72 97.33 98.94 98.71 100.20 100.59<br />
Mg# (d) 0.32 0.63 0.54 0.56 0.50 0.51<br />
ppm<br />
Cs 1.5 2.3 3.8 2.1 1 1.6<br />
Rb 71 42 43 58 46 70<br />
Ba 1009 334 120 507 2246 1124<br />
Th 6.1 0.9 8.9 4 1.6 3.1<br />
U 1.1 0.6 2.6 1.7 0.9 1<br />
Nb 7 6 28 26 5 9<br />
La 34 9 28 28 9 12<br />
Ce 67 20 55 64 18 24<br />
Pb 12 4 20 8 12 10<br />
Pr 7.3 2.9 6.8 9.7 2.2 3<br />
Sr 167 274 339 393 427 293<br />
Nd 25 13 25 40 9 11<br />
Sm 4.3 3.1 5.1 9.4 1.6 2.2<br />
Zr 244 88 225 147 113 89<br />
Eu 0.9 1 1 1.2 1 0.5<br />
Gd 3.8 3.1 4.3 7.8 1.4 1.8<br />
Tb 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.2 0.3<br />
Y 18 19 26 48 7 10<br />
Dy 3.1 3.4 3.8 8.2 1.1 1.7<br />
Ho 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.2 0.3<br />
Er 1.8 2 2.4 4.7 0.7 0.9<br />
Tm 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2<br />
Yb 1.7 1.8 2.7 4.4 0.7 1.0<br />
Lu 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1<br />
V 33 220 110 97 30 24<br />
Cr 150 210 70 120 230 245<br />
Co 3 40 15 17 6 4<br />
Ni 10 93 20 37 500 570<br />
Cu 7 18 18 19 5 5<br />
Zn 80 115 135 155 130 70<br />
Ga 26 13 14 19 48 26<br />
Eu/Eu*(e) 0.68 0.99 0.65 0.43 2.05 0.77<br />
(a) Source: PS=present study; Kessel= Kessel et al., 1998; Eyal= Eyal et al, 2004;<br />
Katz= Katz, 1996; Beyth= Beyth et al., 1994; Stein= Stein, unpublished data.<br />
(b) Total Fe as Fe 2O 3<br />
Fe2O3* from Stein, Beyth & Katz calculated as (FeO*/0.89981)<br />
(c) LOI=Loss on Ignition<br />
(d) Mg# = MgO/(MgO+FeO) molar<br />
(e) Eu anomaly calculated as<br />
Eu/(Sm*Gd)^0.5<br />
<br />
<br />
1
sample AD-S-7 AD-S-8 AD-N-10 AD-N-11 AD-N-15 AD-E-17<br />
location Shchoret Shchoret Netafim Netafim Netafim Elat<br />
rock type m. xenolith m. xenolith m. xenolith m. xenolith m. xenolith Elat granite<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 54.10 49.40 52.10 56.90 49.40 76.30<br />
TiO 2 1.52 0.58 1.32 1.21 1.68 0.15<br />
Al 2 O 3 15.90 19.60 15.10 13.30 14.90 13.00<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 8.46 6.43 8.91 9.00 11.80 1.20<br />
CaO 6.75 9.73 7.94 8.54 8.32 0.46<br />
MgO 3.20 4.62 5.39 3.50 4.59 0.40<br />
MnO 0.18 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.25 0.02<br />
Na 2 O 4.42 2.52 3.88 4.70 3.62 4.75<br />
K 2 O 1.49 2.07 1.22 0.82 1.17 3.51<br />
P 2 O 5 0.46 0.10 0.29 0.28 0.19 0.03<br />
L.O.I 1.73 1.66 0.99 0.28 0.84 0.69<br />
Total 99.59 97.91 98.73 100.11 98.63 100.82<br />
Mg# 0.47 0.63 0.59 0.48 0.48 0.47<br />
ppm<br />
Cs 2 4.8 1.1 0.3 2 1.7<br />
Rb 38 81 20 8 28 36<br />
Ba 546 548 500 231 314 846<br />
Th 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.2<br />
U 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6<br />
Nb 25 3 8 7 5 5<br />
La 27 5 15 18 10 7<br />
Ce 64 10 33 40 22 14<br />
Pb 8 7 10 11 16 6<br />
Pr 9.5 1.5 4.6 5.8 3.3 1.7<br />
Sr 629 311 572 927 409 304<br />
Nd 39 7 19 25 16 6<br />
Sm 8.5 1.8 4.2 5.0 4.3 1.0<br />
Zr 156 28 81 105 158 84<br />
Eu 1.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.2<br />
Gd 7.6 1.8 3.8 4.2 4.3 0.8<br />
Tb 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1<br />
Y 44 12 22 18 31 3<br />
Dy 7.5 2.1 3.7 3.4 5.3 0.5<br />
Ho 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.1<br />
Er 4.4 1.3 2.1 1.8 3.3 0.3<br />
Tm 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0<br />
Yb 4.1 1.3 1.9 1.6 3.1 0.3<br />
Lu 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0<br />
V 185 150 220 225 270 13<br />
Cr 70 230 145 245 50 150<br />
Co 27 30 37 24 45 2<br />
Ni 180 46 35 36 17 7<br />
Cu 35 7 160 20 22 6<br />
Zn 135 78 100 77 210 63<br />
Ga 21 16 18 14 14 24<br />
Eu/Eu* 0.61 1.02 0.84 0.71 0.92 0.74
sample AD-E-18 AW-Sh-1 AW-Sh-1 a AW-Sh-1 b AW-Sh-4 AW-Sh-6<br />
location Elat Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo<br />
rock type Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 76.20 73.80 73.70 75.80 73.20 72.40<br />
TiO 2 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10<br />
Al 2 O 3 12.90 13.60 13.90 13.30 14.30 14.60<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 1.81 1.70 1.30 1.50 1.40 1.30<br />
CaO 0.37 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00 1.10<br />
MgO 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.50<br />
MnO 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03<br />
Na 2 O 4.72 4.90 5.30 4.70 5.00 4.60<br />
K 2 O 3.74 3.70 3.50 3.60 3.60 4.00<br />
P 2 O 5 0.07
sample AW-AL- 9 AW-Sh-10 AW-Sh-11 AW-Sh-12 AW-Sh-13 AW-Sh-15<br />
location Almog Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo Shlomo<br />
rock type Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 74.50 72.10 74.80 73.80 73.20 72.90<br />
TiO 2 0.09 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10<br />
Al 2 O 3 13.60 14.20 13.10 14.30 14.10 14.30<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 0.80 2.20 2.30 1.30 1.40 1.40<br />
CaO 0.70 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10 0.60<br />
MgO 0.20 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.40<br />
MnO 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03<br />
Na 2 O 4.10 4.70 4.50 4.60 4.80 4.90<br />
K 2 O 4.50 4.20 3.20 3.80 3.30 4.20<br />
P 2 O 5
sample AW-R-16 AW-R-17 AW-E-25 AW-E-26 AW-E-27 AW-E-28<br />
location Roded Roded Elat Elat Elat Elat<br />
rock type Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 72.70 72.70 74.50 73.80 72.70 73.70<br />
TiO 2 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.20 0.20 0.10<br />
Al 2 O 3 14.60 14.50 13.70 14.30 15.00 14.30<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 1.30 1.20 0.90 1.40 1.20 1.00<br />
CaO 1.10 0.80 0.80 0.70 1.10 0.80<br />
MgO 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.40<br />
MnO 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03<br />
Na 2 O 4.80 4.70 4.40 4.90 5.20 4.70<br />
K 2 O 3.90 4.30 3.80 4.00 3.50 3.90<br />
P 2 O 5
sample AW-R-18 h AW-R-22 h AW-R-18 x AW-R-19 x AW-R-20 a AW-R-20 x<br />
location Roded Roded Roded Roded Roded Roded<br />
rock type q-diorite q-diorite m. xenolithe m. xenolithe m. xenolithe m. xenolithe<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 58.00 59.10 51.00 51.00 50.20 49.00<br />
TiO 2 0.90 0.80 1.50 1.00 1.30 1.30<br />
Al 2 O 3 16.50 16.20 17.90 16.80 18.40 18.60<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 5.70 6.10 9.10 8.50 9.80 10.00<br />
CaO 5.30 5.30 6.60 9.90 8.00 8.50<br />
MgO 4.20 4.30 4.20 7.30 5.50 5.80<br />
MnO 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.15<br />
Na 2 O 4.80 4.80 5.10 3.50 4.20 4.10<br />
K 2 O 1.70 1.60 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.20<br />
P 2 O 5 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.40<br />
L.O.I 1.20 1.60 1.30 1.40 1.30 1.20<br />
Total 98.78 100.19 98.52 101.03 100.35 100.25<br />
Mg# 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.67 0.57 0.57<br />
ppm<br />
Cs 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0<br />
Rb 30 31 33 21 18 23<br />
Ba 692 630 504 602 463 642<br />
Th 2.3 7.4 2.9 1.0 1.1 0.9<br />
U 1.1 1.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.4<br />
Nb<br />
La 22 20 15 7.5 14 16<br />
Ce 44 42 34 16 31 37<br />
Pb 9.7 8.2 6.4 3.8 5.7 4.1<br />
Pr 6.0 6.1 5.0 2.4 4.5 5.4<br />
Sr 756 905 716 427 516 628<br />
Nd 24 24 20 10 18 22<br />
Sm 4.7 4.3 3.7 2.4 3.7 4.5<br />
Zr 150 140 200 80 180 170<br />
Eu 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1<br />
Gd 4.3 3.4 2.9 2.3 3.4 4.1<br />
Tb 0.64 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.51 0.62<br />
Y 19 10 10 11 16 19<br />
Dy 3.6 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.9 3.6<br />
Ho 0.65 0.36 0.33 0.38 0.52 0.64<br />
Er 1.97 1.09 0.99 1.17 1.61 2.01<br />
Tm 0.24 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.21 0.26<br />
Yb 1.80 0.96 0.91 1.06 1.55 1.91<br />
Lu 0.24 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.21 0.25<br />
Cr 60 335 264 128 83 137<br />
Co 22 19 15 28 23 29<br />
Ni 13 520 440 40 29 35<br />
Cu 200 34 22 76 110 46<br />
Zn 98 92 68 67 80 98<br />
Ga 21 20 16 13 17 21<br />
Eu/Eu* 0.67 0.76 0.71 0.79 0.79 0.79<br />
<br />
<br />
)
sample AW-R-21 x AW-R-22 x AW-R-23 x AW-R-24 x AW-Sh-14 AW-MY- 3<br />
location Roded Roded Roded Roded Shlomo Maale Y.<br />
rock type m. xenolithe m. xenolithe m. xenolithe m. xenolithe Y. granite Y. granite<br />
source PS PS PS PS PS PS<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 52.20 55.50 48.00 53.20 74.60 74.20<br />
TiO 2 1.30 1.00 1.70 1.30 0.10 0.10<br />
Al 2 O 3 18.10 18.90 19.60 16.60 12.50 14.30<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 9.00 7.00 10.40 8.80 2.10 1.30<br />
CaO 7.50 3.30 8.00 7.60 0.30 0.60<br />
MgO 4.40 3.50 4.30 4.40 0.20 0.40<br />
MnO 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.03<br />
Na 2 O 5.20 6.80 4.10 4.90 4.50 5.20<br />
K 2 O 0.80 1.20 1.50 0.90 4.60 3.50<br />
P 2 O 5 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.20
sample AW- Y- 5 AW-AL- 8 AW-AL- 7 ET16 ET20 A29<br />
location Yehoshafat Almog Almog Elat Elat Shlomo<br />
rock type Y. granite gniss pegmatite Elat granite Elat granite Elat granite<br />
source PS PS PS Kessel Kessel Eyal<br />
<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 75.20 74.10 77.00 73.90 75.00 74.70<br />
TiO 2 0.10 0.10
sample A38 OK117 OK98 OK118 ET-20-M UM-2<br />
location Rehavam Roded Roded Roded Elat Um Malek<br />
rock type Elat granite qz-diorite xenolith xenolith Elat granite alk-granite<br />
source Eyal Katz Katz Katz Stein Stein<br />
<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 72.50 67.20 53.10 58.50 76.00 72.29<br />
TiO 2 0.13 0.60 1.00 0.91 0.05 0.43<br />
Al 2 O 3 15.30 15.30 15.28 14.10 13.67 14.12<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 1.07 3.45 8.45 6.56 0.12 1.54<br />
CaO 1.21 3.10 6.90 6.15 1.02 1.22<br />
MgO 0.28 1.84 7.40 6.20 0.01 0.43<br />
MnO 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.10 0.01 0.06<br />
Na 2 O 4.53 4.20 3.70 3.40 4.72 3.95<br />
K 2 O 4.45 1.90 1.30 1.40 3.48 4.67<br />
P 2 O 5 0.06 0.10 0.30 0.30 0.03 0.07<br />
L.O.I 0.89 1.50 1.90 1.30<br />
Total 100.40 98.90 98.30 97.90 99.29 99.33<br />
Mg# 0.97 0.55 0.67 0.69 0.18 0.42<br />
ppm<br />
Cs 3.3<br />
Rb 100<br />
Ba 800 816 576 714<br />
Th 4.5<br />
U 0.9<br />
Nb 7<br />
La 13.04<br />
Ce 27.64<br />
Pb 22 19 14 11<br />
Pr 3.19<br />
Sr 450 498 836 853<br />
Nd 11.84<br />
Sm 2.39<br />
Zr 67<br />
Eu 0.67<br />
Gd 2.01<br />
Tb 0.31<br />
Y 9 8 19 14<br />
Dy 1.77<br />
Ho 0.37<br />
Er 0.99<br />
Tm 0.15<br />
Yb 1.06<br />
Lu 0.16<br />
V 38 48 148 114<br />
Cr 156 400 327<br />
Co 15 37 30<br />
Ni 27 212 143<br />
Cu 5 23 121 1.7<br />
Zn 35 46 145 78<br />
Ga 22.8<br />
Eu/Eu* 0.92<br />
<br />
<br />
)-
sample MB207 MB211 RD-6 RD-15 RD-15-X RD-17-X ET-3<br />
location Timna Timna Roded Roded Roded Roded Elat<br />
rock type granophire granophire qz-diorite qz-diorite xenolith xenolith Elat amph.<br />
source Beyth Beyth Stein Stein Stein Stein Kessel<br />
wt%<br />
SiO 2 69.82 70.42 60.20 65.20 57.80 53.20 56.40<br />
TiO 2 0.26 0.25 0.75 0.86 1.63 1.38 1.24<br />
Al 2 O 3 16.16 16.37 13.10 15.90 15.60 16.90 18.00<br />
Fe 2 O 3 * 1.46 0.77 5.87 3.46 7.12 7.67 4.91<br />
CaO 2.36 2.20 6.20 4.83 7.06 7.92 7.11<br />
MgO 0.62 0.61 6.94 2.72 4.09 5.24 5.27<br />
MnO 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.15 14.00 0.08<br />
Na 2 O 5.57 5.64 3.65 5.08 4.71 4.34 3.79<br />
K 2 O 2.25 2.48 1.34 1.16 0.69 1.30 1.44<br />
P 2 O 5 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.02 0.02<br />
L.O.I 0.53 0.46<br />
Total 99.80 100.04 98.44 99.61 99.15 98.42 98.35<br />
Mg# 0.53 0.68 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.61 0.71<br />
<br />
<br />
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# <br />
<br />
<br />
! ! ! <br />
! ! <br />
#Kessel et al., (1998)& #%'',$Beyth et al.& (<br />
# #%''2$<br />
Granite in N. Shchoret<br />
Xenoliths in N. Netafim<br />
1.2 1<br />
Roded qz-diorite<br />
Timna granite phorphyre<br />
Elat amphibolite<br />
Granitic gneiss<br />
0.8<br />
%$<br />
Xenoliths in N. Shchoret<br />
Elat 0.6 granite 0.4<br />
0.2<br />
Xenoliths in Roded<br />
Um malek alk-granite<br />
Yehoshafat granite<br />
0<br />
0<br />
-0.2<br />
-0.4<br />
-0.6<br />
-0.8<br />
-1<br />
<br />
<br />
25<br />
20<br />
12<br />
10<br />
Al2O3 (wt%)<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
Fe total (wt%)<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
10<br />
8<br />
CaO (wt%)<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
MgO (wt%)<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
)1
! !"!<br />
<br />
TiO 2 (wt%)<br />
K 2O (wt%)<br />
2<br />
1.8<br />
1.6<br />
1.4<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4.5<br />
4<br />
3.5<br />
3<br />
2.5<br />
2<br />
1.5<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
P 2O 5 (wt%)<br />
Na2O (wt%)<br />
0.5<br />
0.45<br />
0.4<br />
0.35<br />
0.3<br />
0.25<br />
0.2<br />
0.15<br />
0.1<br />
0.05<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)<br />
7<br />
6.5<br />
6<br />
5.5<br />
5<br />
4.5<br />
4<br />
3.5<br />
3<br />
2.5<br />
2<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80<br />
SiO 2 (wt%)
Rb ppm<br />
Zr ppm<br />
Pb ppm<br />
Yb ppm<br />
%3.5$ ! !(#<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
Ba ppm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2500<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiO SiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
SiO SiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiO SiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
30.0<br />
25.0<br />
20.0<br />
15.0<br />
10.0<br />
5.0<br />
SiO SiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
Y ppm<br />
Sr ppm<br />
La ppm<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiOSiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
140.0<br />
120.0<br />
100.0<br />
80.0<br />
60.0<br />
40.0<br />
20.0<br />
SiOSiO2 2 (wt%) %<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiOSiO2%<br />
2 (wt%)<br />
0.0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiOSiO2%<br />
2 (wt%)<br />
<br />
)'
%)-$<br />
! !("#<br />
<br />
Lu ppm<br />
30.0<br />
25.0<br />
20.0<br />
15.0<br />
10.0<br />
5.0<br />
0.0<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
SiOSiO2%<br />
2 (wt%)<br />
Nd ppm<br />
100.0<br />
80.0<br />
60.0<br />
40.0<br />
20.0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.0<br />
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85<br />
SiO SiO2% 2 (wt%)<br />
La/Yb<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
SiO SiO2% 2 (wt%)<br />
La/Lu<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
Eu/Eu*<br />
0<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
SiOSiO2%<br />
2 (wt%)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0.0<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
SiO SiO2% 2 (wt%)<br />
,
%Nakamura, 1974$ "REE!$<br />
<br />
rock/chondrite<br />
100<br />
10<br />
REE- Elat granite<br />
AD-E-17 AD-E-18<br />
ET16<br />
ET20<br />
AW-Sh-1 AW-Sh-1 a<br />
AW-Sh-1 b AW-Sh-4<br />
AW-Sh-6 AW-AL- 9<br />
AW-Sh-10 AW-Sh-11<br />
AW-Sh-12 AW-Sh-13<br />
AW-Sh-15 AW-R-16<br />
AW-R-17 AW-E-25<br />
AW-E-26 AW-E-27<br />
AW-E-28<br />
<br />
1<br />
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
100<br />
REE - mafic xenoliths<br />
AD-S-2<br />
AD-S-4<br />
AD-S-7<br />
AD-N-10<br />
AD-N-15<br />
AW-R-19 x<br />
AW-R-20 x<br />
AW-R-23 x<br />
AD-S-3<br />
AD-S-5<br />
AD-S-8<br />
AD-N-11<br />
AW-R-18 x<br />
AW-R-20 a<br />
AW-R-21 x<br />
AW-R-24 x<br />
rock/chondrite<br />
10<br />
<br />
1<br />
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
100<br />
REE - quartz diorite and granite country rocks<br />
AD-S-1<br />
AD-S-5-H<br />
AD-S-6<br />
AW-R-18 h<br />
AW-R-22 h<br />
rock/chondrite<br />
10<br />
<br />
1<br />
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
,
Sun<br />
&<br />
McDonough,<br />
$ " <br />
(% <br />
1995<br />
1000.0<br />
trace elements - Elat granite<br />
AD-E-17<br />
ET-16<br />
AW-Sh-1<br />
AW-Sh-1 b<br />
AW-Sh-6<br />
AD-E-18<br />
ET-20<br />
AW-Sh-1 a<br />
AW-Sh-4<br />
AW-AL-9<br />
100.0<br />
AW-Sh-10<br />
AW-Sh-12<br />
AW-Sh-15<br />
AW-R-17<br />
AW-E-26<br />
AW-E-28<br />
AW-Sh-11<br />
AW-Sh-13<br />
AW-R-16<br />
AW-E-25<br />
AW-E-27<br />
10.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.1<br />
Rb Ba Th U Nb La Ce Pb Pr Sr Nd Sm Zr Eu Gd Tb Y Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
1000.0<br />
100.0<br />
trace elements - mafic xenoliths<br />
AD-S-2<br />
AD-S-4<br />
AD-S-7<br />
AD-N-10<br />
AD-N-15<br />
AW-R-19 x<br />
AW-R-20 x<br />
AW-R-22 x<br />
AW-R-24 x<br />
AD-S-3<br />
AD-S-5<br />
AD-S-8<br />
AD-N-11<br />
AW-R-18 x<br />
AW-R-20 a<br />
AW-R-21 x<br />
AW-R-23 x<br />
10.0<br />
1.0<br />
<br />
0.1<br />
Rb Ba Th U Nb La Ce Pb Pr Sr Nd Sm Zr Eu Gd Tb Y Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
1000.0<br />
trace elements - country rocks<br />
AD-S-1<br />
AD-S-5-h<br />
AD-S-6<br />
AW-R-18 h<br />
AW-R-22 h<br />
100.0<br />
10.0<br />
1.0<br />
<br />
0.1<br />
Rb Ba Th U Nb La Ce Pb Pr Sr Nd Sm Zr Eu Gd Tb Y Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
,
SrRb<br />
# ! ! )<br />
2& # ) # #<br />
<br />
87 Sr/ 86 Sr ! )') ! ! <br />
<br />
87 Sr/ 86 Sr # <br />
87 Rb/ 86 Sr ! 87 Rb/ 86 Sr<br />
<br />
225)<br />
! 1),)5<br />
# !%MSWD=9.5$<br />
87 Sr/ 86 Sr<br />
<br />
#& # Rb-Sr! .&<br />
<br />
0.716<br />
0.714<br />
0.712<br />
87Sr/86Sr<br />
0.710<br />
0.708<br />
0.706<br />
0.704<br />
country rock<br />
Elat granite<br />
mafic xenolith<br />
1<br />
<br />
0.702<br />
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2<br />
87Rb/86Sr<br />
,)
Rb-Sr! <br />
(<br />
Rb Sr<br />
87 Rb/ 86 Sr error<br />
87 Sr/ 86 Sr error<br />
ppm ppm 2' 2'<br />
AD-E-18<br />
AW-E 27<br />
AW-E-28<br />
# 80 300 0.752 0.060 0.709987 0.000018<br />
# 86 432 0.562 0.045 0.708400 0.000020<br />
# 95 405 0.658 0.053 0.709424 0.000028<br />
AW-SH-1 91 310 0.828 0.066 0.710443 0.000020<br />
AW-SH-4 79 338 0.659 0.053 0.709197 0.000018<br />
AW-SH-10 105 265 1.118 0.089 0.713759 0.000020<br />
AW-R-17 95 354 0.756 0.061 0.709979 0.000022<br />
AW-AL-9 74 361 0.578 0.046 0.708804 0.000014<br />
AW-R-18H 30 756 0.112 0.009 0.704203 0.000026<br />
AW-R-22x 25 905 0.078 0.006 0.704310 0.000011<br />
AW-R-18x 33 716 0.130 0.010 0.704361 0.000018<br />
AW-R-19x <br />
21 427 0.139 0.011 0.704518 0.000020<br />
AW-R-20x<br />
<br />
23 516 0.126 0.010 0.704178 0.000026<br />
AW-R-20a <br />
18 628 0.081 0.006 0.704103 0.000015<br />
AW-R-21x <br />
10 573 0.049 0.004 0.703881 0.000020<br />
AW-R-22H <br />
31 800 0.109 0.009 0.704103 0.000024<br />
AW-R-23x<br />
<br />
30 778 0.109 0.009 0.704298 0.000030<br />
AW-R-24x <br />
10 734 0.038 0.003 0.703907 0.000015<br />
AD-S-1 71 176 1.138 0.091 0.713174 0.000018<br />
AD-S-5-H 46 427 0.304 0.024 0.706167 0.000020<br />
AD-S-6<br />
70 293 0.673 0.054 0.709680 0.000016<br />
AD-S-2 <br />
38 215 0.498 0.040 0.707303 0.000050<br />
AD-S-3 <br />
42 274 0.432 0.035 0.707236 0.000030<br />
AD-S-4 <br />
43 339 0.357 0.029 0.706275 0.000018<br />
AD-S-5<br />
<br />
58 393 0.416 0.033 0.706929 0.000020<br />
AD-S-7 <br />
38 629 0.170 0.014 0.705229 0.000014<br />
AD-N-10 <br />
20 572 0.099 0.008 0.704264 0.000014<br />
AD-N-14 20 342 0.165 0.013 0.704905 0.000017<br />
AD-N-11<br />
<br />
8 927 0.024 0.002 0.703628 0.000014<br />
AD-N-15 <br />
28 409 0.193 0.015 0.705698 0.000015<br />
<br />
<br />
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!<br />
# ! ! <br />
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tholeitic<br />
0.4<br />
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Calc-alkaline<br />
<br />
0.0<br />
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#Miyashiro#'1,$& # <br />
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FeO(t)/MgO (Wt%/Wt%)<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
tholeitic<br />
Calc-alkaline<br />
0<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
SiO2 2 (Wt%) (wt%)<br />
,
$<br />
K 2 O& (<br />
%'$Ewart %).-<br />
5<br />
4<br />
K 2O (Wt%)<br />
3<br />
2<br />
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Calc-alkaline series<br />
<br />
1<br />
0<br />
basalt<br />
bas.<br />
and<br />
andesite dacite<br />
Rhyolite<br />
40 50 60 70 80<br />
SiO2 2 (wt%) (Wt%)<br />
<br />
& # <br />
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$ %,$ Eyal et al. #%''$ Kessel et al.& ( <br />
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1%<br />
10%<br />
100.0<br />
50%<br />
90%<br />
mafic xenolith<br />
10.0<br />
amphibolite Elat<br />
mafic dyke<br />
Elat granite<br />
qtz-diorite Roded<br />
<br />
1.0<br />
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu<br />
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%'1$ Schnetzler and Philpotts"&!" <br />
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1<br />
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Rb-Sr ( ..2<br />
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623 24Rb-Sr %,$Eyal et al.! <br />
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0.735<br />
0.730<br />
0.725<br />
87Sr/86Sr<br />
0.720<br />
0.715<br />
0.710<br />
0.705<br />
country rock<br />
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mafic xenolith<br />
Um CA granite- Bielsky, 1982<br />
Elat granite- Eyal et al., 2004<br />
1 <br />
<br />
0.700<br />
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4<br />
87Rb/86Sr<br />
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18<br />
87 Sr/ 86 Sr " <br />
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21<br />
0.703<br />
20<br />
b/204Pb<br />
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20<br />
87Sr/86Sr<br />
PAB<br />
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87 86<br />
Sr/<br />
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21<br />
19<br />
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A<br />
0.702<br />
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20<br />
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18<br />
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206Pb/204Pb<br />
0.701<br />
17<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0.703<br />
6<br />
87Sr/86Sr<br />
0.702<br />
2<br />
0.701<br />
-<br />
1<br />
0<br />
8<br />
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4<br />
0<br />
8<br />
6<br />
19<br />
18<br />
17<br />
PAB<br />
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Red Sea N-Morb<br />
4<br />
St. Helena<br />
PAB<br />
PAB<br />
ANS-feldspars<br />
1-$ <br />
Timna<br />
Eastern Desert<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
ANS-alkali granites<br />
" <br />
& dikes<br />
B<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
C<br />
ANS-alkali granites<br />
& dikes<br />
B<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
Elat granite<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
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source<br />
4 ! <br />
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2 & dikes <br />
0<br />
#%<br />
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Asthenosphere<br />
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0.703<br />
87Sr/86Sr<br />
<br />
0.702<br />
0.701<br />
1<br />
0<br />
8<br />
6<br />
2<br />
0<br />
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PAB<br />
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Red Sea N-Morb<br />
Red Sea N-Morb<br />
PAB<br />
Lithosphere<br />
Lithosphere<br />
Asthenosphere<br />
-<br />
2 0 2 4 6 8<br />
Age (Ma)<br />
Timna<br />
Lithosphere<br />
C<br />
ANS Lithosphere<br />
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ANS Lithosphere<br />
CHUR<br />
Timna<br />
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Asthenosphere<br />
CHUR<br />
2 0 2 4 6 8<br />
Red Sea N-Morb<br />
Age Asthenosphere<br />
(100 (Ma)<br />
ANS Lithosphere<br />
ANS-alkali granites<br />
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ANS-ophiolites<br />
Asthenosphere<br />
Asthenosphere<br />
ANS-ophiolites<br />
ANS-alkali granites<br />
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ANS-alkali granites<br />
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111
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113
ocks of the calc-alkaline phase. Very low 87 Rb/ 86 Sr ratios in a few samples<br />
constrained the initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of the rocks to<br />
.<br />
The results are best explained by a model where calc-alkaline felsic as well as mafic<br />
magmas, formed as a product of a series of partial melting events of a mafic source,<br />
probably due to heating by underplating basaltic melts at the base of the crust. Partial<br />
melting of such a source with a composition similar to that of the mafic xenoliths: 50-<br />
60% plagioclase, 40% amphibole, less than 5% biotie and 0.7% apatite (calculated<br />
based on the P 2 O 5 content of the rock samples) can produce felsic compositions with<br />
the REE patterns shown by the Elat granites. Therefore, I assume that the composition<br />
of the source rock was similar to that of the mafic xenoliths, and that they are in fact<br />
pieces of the source that were brought up by the magmas.<br />
Variation in the water content of the source at the time of melting can lead to<br />
production of a range of magma and restite composition. The more felsic rocks were<br />
produced by melting of a wet source, while less water led to production of the more<br />
mafic magmas. The water can originate from the breakdown of hydrated minerals or<br />
from the underplating basaltic melts that brought not only the heat that caused the<br />
melting, but also the water.<br />
Melting of an amphibolitic source, with many trace elements behaving as compatible<br />
to amphibole, can explain the flat REE patterns and the absence of Eu anomaly, and<br />
allows the melting products to keep the primitive trace element concentrations<br />
characterizing the source rock. Initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of the calc-alkaline rocks<br />
resembles the initial values of mantle-derived magmas and points at an enriched<br />
source. Thus, it is possible that the magmas that crystallized to give the amphibolitic<br />
source rock were derived from an enriched mantle reservoir that was partially melted<br />
during a former stage of the Arabian-Nubian Shield.
ABSTRACT<br />
Calk-alkaline felsic magmas emplaced in the crust in the Late Proterozoic at the end<br />
of the island-arc stage of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, formed widespread batholiths,<br />
mainly in the northern part of the shield. Rocks that crystallized from these magmas<br />
cover over 50% of the exposed shield in Sinai, and are exposed in southern Israel in<br />
the area of Timna, Elat Massif and Roded Massif. Although well exposed, the<br />
petrogenesis of these rocks is not well known.<br />
In this study I investigated the petrogenesis of the Elat granite rocks exposed in the<br />
Elat Massif, the Roded quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite rocks exposed in the<br />
Roded Massif and the mafic xenoliths within them. I examined the possibility of a<br />
genetic link between the Elat granites, the intermediate rocks and the mafic xenoliths,<br />
a linkage which can point to a common source or to similar petrogenetic processes.<br />
Petrographic examination of rocks collected in the field found highly alkalic feldspars<br />
in the granites (An- in the granites compared with An- in the quartz diorites and<br />
the xenoliths), and absence of calcic cores in plagioclase crystals of both granite and<br />
quartz diorite. A mineralogical resemblance between the mafic xenoliths and the<br />
intermediate country rocks was also noted. Major element analysis showed linear<br />
variation in oxide concentrations as silica content increases for most of the oxides,<br />
and a fast enrichment in K 2 O in the granitic rocks. Trace element analysis revealed<br />
flat patterns of REE with a very moderate increase towards the incompatible elements<br />
for all rocks. Heavy-REE concentrations in the more mafic samples are higher than<br />
those of the felsic ones. Eu anomalies are weak or absent.<br />
All the isotopic analyses fall on a single Rb-Sr isochron yielding an age of<br />
<br />
Ma. This age is in agreement with former radiogenic age determinations on other
The Petrogenesis of the Elat Calc-Alkaline Granite<br />
Ayelet Weissman<br />
This work was submitted as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science to the Department<br />
of Geology, Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,<br />
The Hebrew University, Jerusalem.<br />
The study was carried out under the supervision of:<br />
Prof. Oded Navon, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem<br />
Dr. Mordechai Stein, The Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem<br />
Dr. Ronit Kessel, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem<br />
Report GSI/16/2010 Jerusalem, June 2010