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46 E. P. FARRELL stimulate the forestry sector in order to meet the demands of industry. They produced a radical, if unacceptable proposal. The tone of the second commission was much more conservative. But of the three alternative proposals put forward, they advocated acceptance of the most radical in order to stimulate a significant increase in productivity. However, in the course of the debate that followed, the original objective, to reach a consenus on how to achieve a balance, within the sustained yield concept, between production and utilisation, was lost sight of. Debate centred around ecological issues and the influence of silvicultural measures on the environment. The end result may seem less than satisfactory to many. The government position has been clearly stated, the forest industry will not control forest policy. Nevertheless, while it is the intention to promote and sustain a high level of productivity, the environmental constraints on the forest manager are severe. In the past it has been possible to increase production i.e. felling volume, without long-term risk because it never exceeded annual increment. Now with annual increment declining steadily over the past twenty years and at present equal to felling volume (Fig. 1), the task of increasing the latter presents a greater challenge. Progress has been made in recent years which has allowed the utilisation of material of smaller dimensions than previously. Plant geared to the processing of birch and other hardwoods has been expanded. The results of PHU (Project Whole Tree Utilisation) published three years ago, show that in harvesting the 62 million m 3 (underbark) utilised annually, 50 million m 3 is left in the forest. It is estimated that of this, 7.7 million m 3 could be utilised in the pulp industries and a further 7 million m 3 as fuel. However, there is still a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the economics and the practicality of this scheGle. Whole tree utilisation was not considered by the commission, nor by the government in its proposals. It must be assumed therefore that at least a part of any increase in felling volume must be accounted for through increases in growth increment. One wonders if it is possible for the forest manager to increase growth increment while accepting new restrictions on the techniques to which he has become accustomed and which have served him well in the past. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks are due to those in the Swedish Agricultural University, Swedish Forest Service, forest companies and forest co-operatives whose comments and criticism helped me so much in the preparation of this paper.
SWEDISH FORESTRY 47 REFERENCES Government Publications (Note SOU: Statens Offentliga utredningar, Government Commission Reports). SOU 1973. Mlil och medel i skogspolitiken. SOU 1973:14 (English Summary). SOU 1978. Skog fOrframtid. SOU 1978:6, 1978:7. REGERINGENS PROPOSITION 1978/79:110. JORDBRUKSDEPARTEMENT PRESS MEDDELANDE. Bilaga till Skogs niiringen Nr 18. -31979. Other Material FALU KURIER. 13-8-1979. Besprutning mliste minskas. NILSSON, NILS-ERIK. 1978. Om skogarnas tillstand och uttnyttjande. In "Skogskogskolan 150 lir". pp. 145-167. Liber Forlag, Stockholm. PROJECT WHOLE TREE UTILISATION. 1977. Final Summary Report. Department of Operational Efficiency, Royal College of Forestry, S-770 73 Garpenberg. SKANDINA VISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN. Some data about Sweden 1977-78. SKOGEN. Periodical published by Sveriges SkogsvaOrdsfOrbund (Swedish Forestry Association). SKOGSARBETEN (Logging Research Foundation). Swedish Forestry - Some facts. SKOGSSTYRELSEN. 1977. Svensk skog. (Available in English from the National Board of Private Forestry, J onkoping). STREYFFERT, THORSTEN. 1977. Dagens skogspolitik - problem och framtidsutsiker. Sveriges SkogsvlirdsfOrbunds Tidskrift. 6:475-497. SVENSKA DAGBLADET. 8-3-1979. 10rdbruksministern ger losa tyglar i skogen. SVENSKA NATURSKYDDSFORENINGEN. 1978. Levande skog. Svenska NaturskyddsfOrengineen, Stockholm. SVERIGES SKOGSAGAREFORENINGARS RIKSFORBUND. (The National Federation of Swedish Forest Owners Associations). Swedish Forestry 1975, 1976, 1977. SWEDISH INSTITUTE. Fact sheets on Sweden.
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Vol. 37. Ro. 1. 1980 IRISH FORESTRY
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WICKWOOD TIMBER PRODUCTS Manufactur
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Poulan Chain Saws From the fastest
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Commonwealth Forestry Bureau , FORE
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Your friend for life ~ Bank 1F1reia
Page 14 and 15: IRISH FOREST PRODUCTS LTD. 28 Upper
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Page 18 and 19: PORTLAOISE SAWMILLS MIDLAND FORESTR
Page 20 and 21: :2 Notes for the Assistance of Cont
Page 22 and 23: Council of the Society of Irish For
Page 24 and 25: The Society of Irish Foresters The
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Page 28 and 29: \0 J. O'DRISCOLL Most of the commer
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Page 32 and 33: 14 1.0'DRISCOLL Of the total record
Page 34 and 35: 16 J . O 'DRISCOLL Table 2 - Growth
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Page 38 and 39: 2() J.O'DRISCOLL importance, in com
Page 40 and 41: 22 J. O'DRISCOLL Forbes, A. C. 1928
Page 42 and 43: JOHN J. GARDINER In this context it
Page 44 and 45: 26 JOHN J. GARDINER 80 % 60 - --- P
Page 46 and 47: JOHN J. GARDINER profit in its twel
Page 48 and 49: 30 JOHN J. GARDINER 10 Styan, G. E
Page 50 and 51: 32 P. McCUSKER the audience is enha
Page 52 and 53: 34 P. McCUSKER you can introduce hu
Page 54 and 55: Swedish Forestry A Question of Bala
Page 56 and 57: 38 E. P. FARRELL growing stock was
Page 58 and 59: 40 E. P. FARRELL During the late 19
Page 60 and 61: 42 E. P. FARRELL production in the
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Page 66 and 67: 48 Whole Tree Harvesting in Sitka S
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Page 70 and 71: Table 2 Diameter Breast Height, Bas
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Page 76 and 77: 5H M. L. CAREY Table 5 Regression E
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Page 82 and 83: 64 Notes and News The Increasing De
Page 84 and 85: 66 NOTES AND NEWS This forest, the
Page 86 and 87: 6X Letters Dear Sir, A recent meeti
Page 88 and 89: 70 Book Reviews IRISH FORESTRY POLI
Page 90 and 91: 72 BOOK REVIEWS Water by Dr Drew. i
Page 92 and 93: 74 Society Activities ANNUAL GENERA
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