Globally Threatened Amphibian Species Part 1

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240 Threatened Amphibians of the World EN Bromeliohyla bromeliacia (K. Schmidt, 1933) Endangered A2ace Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Silviu Petrovan Geographic Range This species occurs on the Atlantic versant of north-western Chiapas State, Mexico; central and eastern Guatemala; the Maya Mountains of Belize; and north-western Honduras, at 350-1,790m asl. Population It is known from single specimens in Belize and Mexico. It is uncommon in Guatemala, but it continues to occur in suitable habitat, although some populations are in serious decline. In fact, some higher elevation populations in Guatemala, where most of the range occurs, appear to have declined sharply although the species has not disappeared; populations at lower elevations appear stable. It is relatively common in Honduras. Habitat and Ecology It is found in bromeliads in premontane and lower montane wet forest. It breeds by larval development. It is also found in leaf sheaths on banana trees, and tolerates some level of habitat disturbance. Major Threats The main threat is deforestation, due to agriculture (both crops and livestock), and water pollution which is taking place at higher elevations. The declines observed at high elevations, which have taken place even in suitable habitat, could be due to chytridiomycosis. Conservation Measures It is found in Parque Nacional Montaña de Cusuco and Parque Nacional Cerro Azul in Honduras, and in the Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de la Minas and Biotopo del Quetzal in Guatemala. Further research is necessary to ascertain whether chytrid is a threat to this species. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Bromeliohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Campbell, J.A. (1998), Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Martinez-Coronel, M., Ramirez-Bautista, A. and Vidal-Lopez, R. (1995), McCranie, J.R. and Wilson, L.D. (2002b), Schmidt, K.P. (1933) Data Providers: Gustavo Cruz, Manuel Acevedo, Julian Lee CR Bromeliohyla dendroscarta (Taylor, 1940) Critically Endangered A2ace Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Geographic Range This species is found on the Atlantic slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental and associated ranges in Mexico. It is also found in central Veracruz and northern Oaxaca in Mexico. It occurs from 450-1,900m asl. Population This has always been an uncommon species, but it appears to have gone into serious decline, and has not been recorded since 1974. Recent surveys to locate it have been unsuccessful, and it might now be extinct. Habitat and Ecology This species inhabits cloud forest habitats. It breeds and takes refuge in bromeliads. Major Threats This species has disappeared in suitable habitat, probably due to chytridiomycosis. Deforestation and alteration of the cloud forest are probably also major threats, as it requires bromeliads in mature trees to survive. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected area. Additional survey work is urgently needed to determine whether or not this species is still extant in its natural range. It is protected by Mexican law under the “Special Protection” category (Pr). Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Bromeliohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Lips, K.R. et al. (2004) Data Providers: Georgina Santos-Barrera, Luis Canseco-Márquez CR Charadrahyla altipotens (Duellman, 1968) Critically Endangered A2ace Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Geographic Range This species is known from the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur de Oaxaca, and north to the towns of San Gabriel and San Sebastián, in south-western Oaxaca, Mexico. It might occur a little more widely than current records suggest. Population This has always been a rare species, but it appears to have gone into serious decline, and has not been recorded since the 1960s. Recent surveys to locate it have been unsuccessful, and it might now be extinct. Habitat and Ecology This species occurs in pine-oak and cloud forests, and prefers rocky streams with abundant vegetation as microhabitat. It presumably breeds in streams. Major Threats This species has disappeared in suitable habitat, probably due to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of the fragments of cloud forest in Oaxaca, the most fragile habitat in Mexico, is also threatening this species. At present this area is under extreme pressure from human population growth. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected areas. While additional survey work is urgently needed to determine whether or not this species is still extant in its natural range, protection of the remaining cloud forest fragments is important to preserve the humid habitats for this species as well as other amphibians. It is listed by the Mexican government in the category “Special Protection” (Pr). Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Lips, K.R. et al. (2004) Data Providers: Georgina Santos-Barrera, Luis Canseco-Márquez EN Charadrahyla chaneque (Duellman, 1961) Endangered B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Geographic Range This species is known from only three localities east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in northern Chiapas and eastern Oaxaca, Mexico. The type locality is at 1,690m asl. Population This is a common species within its restricted range. Habitat and Ecology It only inhabits high-elevation cloud forests with cascading mountain streams. It presumably breeds in streams. Major Threats Habitat loss due to logging represents the main threat to this species. Conservation Measures Its range includes the Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra del los Tuxtlas, but expanded protection of cloud forest habitat in this region is needed. This species is protected by Mexican law under the “Special Protection” category (Pr). Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Mendelson III, J.R. and Campbell, J.A. (1999), Perez-Higareda, G. (1981b) Data Providers: Antonio Muñoz Alonso, Luis Canseco-Márquez
Globally Threatened Amphibian Species 241 VU Charadrahyla nephila (Mendelson and Campbell, 1999) Vulnerable B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © J.R. Mendelson Geographic Range This species is known from Sierra de Juárez and Sierra Mixe, north-central Oaxaca, Mexico. A specimen has also been collected from Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, but this record is in doubt. It probably occurs more widely than records suggest. It occurs at elevations of 680-2,256m asl. Population This is a common species. Habitat and Ecology It inhabits mesic cloud forest, and is commonly found in or near streams and low vegetation, and presumably breeds in streams. Major Threats The high rate of disturbance of the cloud forest is the main threat to this species. Tadpoles have been found in southern Mexico with loss of keratinised mouthparts, suggesting that chytridiomycosis might be involved. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected areas, and urgent protection of the forests along the Sierra de Juárez and Sierra Mixe is required. The species is in need of close population monitoring, particularly if chytrid is shown to be a genuine threat. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Lips, K.R. et al. (2004), Mendelson III, J.R. and Campbell, J.A. (1999) Data Providers: Georgina Santos-Barrera, Luis Canseco-Márquez VU Charadrahyla taeniopus (Günther, 1901) Vulnerable B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Geographic Range This species occurs in north-eastern Hidalgo, southward through northern Puebla to central Veracruz, Mexico. It probably occurs more widely than current records suggest, especially in areas between known sites. It occurs at intermediate elevations. Population This is a common species. Several surveys conducted in the last few years in the Hidalgo-Veracruz region report healthy populations along its range. Habitat and Ecology This species inhabits cloud forests characterized by moderate to low temperatures and high humidity. It is always associated with streams and epiphytic plants. It presumably breeds in streams. Major Threats Transformation of the forest into cultivated areas affects the presence of trees and epiphytic plants, the preferred habitat of this species. In some towns in Veracruz, this species is consumed as a traditional cooked dish; however, there is no information on the level of offtake. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected areas, and there is clearly a need for protection of the remaining cloud forest remnants in this area. It is listed as “Threatened” (Amenazada) by the Mexican government. Further research is needed to determine the levels of offtake of this species from the wild. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005) Data Providers: Georgina Santos-Barrera, Luis Canseco-Márquez CR Charadrahyla trux (Adler and Dennis, 1972) Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Mexico Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Geographic Range This species is found on only on the slopes of Cerro Teótepec, in the Sierra Madre del Sur, in Guerrero, Mexico, at 1,760-2,415m asl. Population This is a rare species. Recent attempts to locate it have been unsuccessful, suggesting a population decline, and it might even be extinct. Habitat and Ecology This species inhabits pine-oak and bamboo-tree fern forests. It is commonly found associated with cascading mountain streams where it breeds. Major Threats It has possibly been impacted by chytridiomycosis. In addition, the transformation of the forests along the transect between Filo de Caballo and Atoyac to open agricultural lands and farmlands is having a detrimental impact on the remaining habitat of this species. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected areas. While additional survey work is urgently needed to determine whether or not this species is still extant in its natural range, a program to protect the forest areas surrounding the Cerro Teótepec is also recommended. This species is listed as “Threatened” (Amenazada) by the Mexican government. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Lips, K.R. et al. (2004) Data Providers: Georgina Santos-Barrera, Luis Canseco-Márquez CR Dendropsophus amicorum (Mijares-Urrutia, 1998) Critically Endangered B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Venezuela Current Population Trend: Decreasing Geographic Range This species is known from a single specimen taken at Cerro Socopó, 84km north-west of Carora, in Falcón state, Venezuela (10.28N, 70.48W), at 1,250m asl. It is assumed to be restricted to the Cerro Socopó. Population The population status of this species is not known. Habitat and Ecology The Cerro Socopó is a relict of cloud forest surrounded by semi-arid vegetation. It presumably breeds by larval development, but the site of egg deposition is not known. Major Threats All of the area of Cerro Socopó has been severely affected by forest destruction for agriculture (crops and livestock), as well as by agricultural pollution. Conservation Measures The range of this species does not include any protected areas, and the species’ habitat is in urgent need of protection. Additional survey work is needed to determine the biology and population status and trends of this species. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Barrio Amorós, C.L. (2004), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Mijares-Urrutia, A. (1998) Data Providers: Enrique La Marca, Abraham Mijares
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Globally Threatened Amphibian Species Part 1

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