Globally Threatened Amphibian Species Part 1

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166 Threatened Amphibians of the World CR Atelopus famelicus Rivero and Morales, 1995 “1992” Critically Endangered A2ace Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Colombia Current Population Trend: Decreasing Geographic Range This species is known from two localities: the type locality (La Costa), and El Tambito, both localities on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes, in Cauca Department, Colombia, between 1,300 and 1,580m asl. Population It is known from only a few specimens, and, despite survey work, has not been recorded since 1993. Habitat and Ecology It is a terrestrial species found in montane forest, and which has not been recorded outside forest. Its breeding habits are not known, but presumably it breeds in streams like other species of the genus. Major Threats The most serious risk to this species is chytridiomycosis, which has had a devastating impact on other high-altitude species of Atelopus. There is also a threat of pollution resulting from fumigation of the illegal crops grown in Parque Nacional Natural Munchique. Conservation Measures The two localities are on the border of Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, where it has been recorded from the private protected area of the El Tambito Proselva Foundation. Further survey work is required to determine the current population status of this species in the wild. Given the threat of chytridiomycosis, any surviving individuals might need to be maintained in captivity. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously confused with Atelopus longirostris and Atelopus lynchi, according to Rivero and Morales (1995). Bibliography: Acosta-Galvis, A.R. (2000), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lötters, S. (1996), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Rivero, J.A. and Morales, V.R. (1995), Ruiz-Carranza, P.M., Ardila-Robayo, M.C. and Lynch, J.D. (1996), Ruiz-Carranza, P.M., Vélez and Ardila-Robayo, M.C. (1995) Data Providers: Wilmar Bolívar, Andrés Acosta-Galvis, John Lynch, Stefan Lötters CR Atelopus farci Lynch, 1993 Critically Endangered A2ace; B2ab(iii,v) Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Colombia Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Juan Manuel Renjifo Geographic Range This species is known from only one site: Granjas del Padre Luna, Municipio de Alban, western slope of the Cordillera Oriental, in Cundinamarca Department, Colombia, at 2,090m asl. Population This species was known to be abundant up until around 1995. Six subsequent visits and some 80 hours of searching during the course of 2002-2003 turned up only one tadpole, perhaps indicative of a serious decline. Habitat and Ecology It occurs in streams in cloud forest. It also reproduces in rapid streams. Major Threats The most serious risk to this species is chytridiomycosis, which has had a devastating impact on other high-altitude species of Atelopus. Habitat loss is also a major threat to this species, mainly caused by agricultural expansion and human settlement. Conservation Measures This species is not known to occur in any protected area, and there is an urgent need for improved habitat protection at its only known locality. Further survey work is required to determine the current population status of this species. Given the probable threat of chytridiomycosis, disease management and captivebreeding programmes might be required. Bibliography: La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lötters, S. (1996), Lynch, J.D. (1993b), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Ruiz-Carranza, P.M., Ardila- Robayo, M.C. and Lynch, J.D. (1996) Data Providers: Jose Vicente Rueda, Wilmar Bolívar, Andrés Acosta-Galvis VU Atelopus flavescens Duméril and Bibron, 1841 Vulnerable A3ce Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: French Guiana Current Population Trend: Stable © Renaud Boistel Geographic Range This species is known from north-eastern coastal and central French Guiana. It occurs from sea level up to 300m asl. Population This is a common species, although it is not common in Mont Grand Matoury and Matoury region. It has been recorded as recently as 2000. Habitat and Ecology This species is known from the proximity of fast-flowing small streams in lowland primary forest. It has not been recorded outside primary forest. Embryonic and larval development occurs in water. Major Threats There are no present threats to this species, but future threats will most likely include shifting agriculture and clear-cutting of the forests. Although illegal, there is still some collection for the pet trade, but at present this is not a major threat to the species. This species probably occurs at elevations below the altitude at which chytridiomycosis seems prevalent, though this nonetheless remains a potential future threat. Conservation Measures The range of this species includes Matoury Nature Reserve and Kaw Nature Reserve. Continued population monitoring is required, especially in light of the potential threat of chytridiomycosis. Notes on taxonomy: Atelopus spumarius barbotini has been suggested to represent a junior synonym of this species (Kok 2000). Bibliography: Boistel, R., Grosjean. S. and Lötters, S. (2005), Duméril, A.M.C. and Bibron, G. (1841), Kok, P.J.R. (2000), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lescure, J. (1974), Lescure, J. (1981a), Lescure, J. and Marty, C. (2000), Lötters, S. (1996), Lynch, J.D. (1993b), McDiarmid, R.W. (1973), Mudde, P. (1996), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Schmidt, M. (1999), van den Nieuwenhuizen, A. (2003a), van den Nieuwenhuizen, A. (2003b) Data Providers: Jean Lescure, Christian Marty, Renaud Boistel, Stefan Lötters, Enrique La Marca, Robert Reynolds, Marinus Hoogmoed, Ross MacCulloch, Philippe Gaucher, Stefan Lötters VU Atelopus franciscus Lescure, 1974 Vulnerable A3ce Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: French Guiana Current Population Trend: Stable © Christian Marty Geographic Range This species is known from central coastal French Guiana. It has been recorded from 5-200m asl. Population It is a locally common species (Lescure and Marty 2001), and was recorded as recently as 2000. Habitat and Ecology This species is found near fast-flowing small streams and creeks in lowland rainforest; it is not known from any disturbed habitats. Eggs are laid in the water and the tadpoles adhere to rocks. Major Threats There are no current major threats. However, it is potentially at risk from chytridiomycosis, although it occurs at low altitudes (which might afford it a degree of protection from this disease). An illegal international pet trade exists for this species, but it is not a threat to the species as a whole. Conservation Measures The range of the species includes several nature reserves. Continued population monitoring is required, especially in light of the potential threat of chytridiomycosis. Bibliography: Boistel, R., Grosjean. S. and Lötters, S. (2005), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lescure, J. (1974), Lescure, J. and Marty, C. (2000), Lötters, S. (1996), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006) Data Providers: Jean Lescure, Christian Marty, Marga Born, Renaud Boistel, Robert Reynolds, Marinus Hoogmoed, Ross MacCulloch, Philippe Gaucher, Stefan Lötters
Globally Threatened Amphibian Species 167 CR Atelopus galactogaster Rivero and Serna, 1993 “1991” Critically Endangered A3ce Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Colombia Current Population Trend: Unknown © César Landazábal Geographic Range This species is known from two localities within Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo, in Antioquia Department, on the northern slope of the western Andes, in Colombia, at 1,500m asl. Population This species is known only from ten specimens; however, there has been no recent survey work within its range. Habitat and Ecology Both of the known localities are within primary forest, but no other information is available on the species’ habitat requirements or breeding habits. Major Threats The most serious risk to this species is chytridiomycosis, which has had a devastating impact on other high-altitude species of Atelopus. Conservation Measures Both known localities of the species are within Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo. Further research into the species’ range, ecological requirements, and population status is needed, in particular to determine if it occurs outside its current known range. Given the likely threat of chytridiomycosis, disease management and captive-breeding programmes might be required. Bibliography: Acosta-Galvis, A.R. (2000), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lötters, S. (1996), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Rivero, J.A. and Serna, M.A. (1993), Ruiz-Carranza, P.M., Ardila-Robayo, M.C. and Lynch, J.D. (1996) Data Providers: Jose Vicente Rueda, Stefan Lötters, John Lynch CR Atelopus glyphus Dunn, 1931 Critically Endangered A3ce Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Colombia, Panama Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Andrew Crawford Geographic Range This species occurs in eastern Panama, in the Serranía de Pirre, and also the Chocó of Colombia, at 884-1,500m asl. Population It is considered to be generally common within its known range. It was still common in September 2002 in the Serranía de Pirre, above Cana, in eastern Panama (R. Ibáñez pers. obs.). Habitat and Ecology It is a terrestrial species of tropical montane forest, with breeding and larval development taking place in forest streams. There is no information on whether or not this species can survive in degraded habitats. Major Threats The major threat is likely to be a future catastrophic decline, due to chytridiomycosis, as has occurred in many other species of Atelopus. Additional threats include habitat loss due to agricultural development (including the planting of illegal crops), logging, and human settlement, and pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops. Conservation Measures The species has been recorded from two protected areas: Parque Nacional Darién (a World Heritage Site) in Panama and Parque Nacional Natural los Katíos in Colombia. In view of the severe risk of chytridiomycosis, the status of this species should be closely monitored, and ex-situ populations should be established. Bibliography: Ibáñez, R. et al. (2000), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Lötters, S. (1996), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Ruiz-Carranza, P.M., Ardila-Robayo, M.C. and Lynch, J.D. (1996), Savage, J.M. (1972a), Young, B. et al. (1999) Data Providers: Roberto Ibáñez, Frank Solís, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Stefan Lötters, Jose Vicente Rueda, Andrés Acosta-Galvis CR Atelopus guanujo Coloma, 2002 Critically Endangered A2ace Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Ecuador Current Population Trend: Decreasing © Luis A. Coloma Geographic Range This species is known only from the type locality and its immediate vicinity (Guaranda, Gallo Rumi) in the Chimbo Basin of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador, in the province of Bolívar. These localities are between 2,600 and 2,923m asl in the upper Río Chimbo Valley (Coloma 2002). Population It is a rare species, and the most recent record dates from April 1988 (Coloma 2002). Since then, survey efforts have been unsuccessful in finding any individuals, suggesting a serious population decline and possible extinction. Habitat and Ecology This species is an inhabitant of humid cloud forest. Frogs have also been collected in disturbed montane cloud forest areas (Coloma 2002). There is no specific information on breeding habits, but it is likely to be similar to other Atelopus species, with breeding and larval development taking place in streams. Major Threats The most likely cause of the species’ population decline is chytridiomycosis. Habitat loss is also a major threat, due to agriculture (crops, livestock, and wood plantations), logging, and infrastructure development for human settlement. Invasive species such as dogs, cats, and chickens also prey on this species. Conservation Measures The known range of the species does not include any protected areas. Surveys are needed to establish whether or not this species still persists in the wild. In view of the severe threat of chytridiomycosis, any surviving populations should be maintained in captivity. Bibliography: Coloma, L.A. (2002), La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Merino-Viteri, A. (2001), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006), Ron, S.R. and Merino, A. (2000) Data Providers: Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Martín R. Bustamante, Diego Cisneros-Heredia, Ana Almandáriz CR Atelopus guitarraensis Osorno Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo and Ruíz-Carranza, 2001 Critically Endangered A3ce Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Country Distribution: Colombia Current Population Trend: Decreasing Geographic Range This species is only known to occur in the Laguna de Guitara, Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Meta Department, Colombia, at 3,400m asl. Population It is rare, being recorded only from two expeditions conducted in 1975 and 1990. There has been no subsequent survey work for this species. Habitat and Ecology It lives and reproduces in streams in páramo habitats. Major Threats The most serious risk to this species is chytridiomycosis, which has had a devastating impact on other high-altitude species of Atelopus. Its habitat is threatened by fi res caused by cattle ranchers. Conservation Measures This species occurs in the Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz. Further work is required to determine the population status of this species; given the threat of chytridiomycosis, a captive-breeding programme might need to be established for this species. Bibliography: La Marca, E. et al. (2005), Osorno Muñoz, M., Ardila-Robayo, M.C. and Ruiz-Carranza, P.M. (2001a), Osorno Muñoz, M., Ardila-Robayo, M.C. and Ruiz-Carranza, P.M. (2001b), Pounds, J.A. et al. (2006) Data Providers: Mariela Osorno-Muñoz, María Cristina Ardila-Robayo, Andrés Acosta-Galvis
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Globally Threatened Amphibian Species Part 1

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