A Review of the Genus Eunice - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

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62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY sexual dimorphism. One of the two specimens is of indeterminate sex; there is little evidence in the rest of the group that sexual dimorphism is present and the two specimens differ in most features used to characterize separate species. They are, as indicated above, considered as such here. 14. Eunice aphroditois (Pallas, 1788) FIGURE 13a-d; TABLES 27,28 Nereis aphroditois Pallas, 1788:229-230, pi. 5: figs. 1-7. Eunice aphroditois.—Cuvier, 1817:525.—Ehlers. 1868:306-310, pi. 15: figs. 23-29.—Fauvel, 1917:215-220, fig. 18 [in part], pi. 7. Leodice gigantea Lamarck, 1818:322.—Savigny, 1820:49-50. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—MNHN, Paris, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, coll. M. Carriere, 1910. COMMENTS ON MATERIAL EXAMINED.—The type material is lost; it came from Sri Lanka; the specimen here described matches the original description closely. DESCRIPTION.—Specimen posteriorly incomplete, of unknown sex; with 529 setigers; total length 800 mm; maximal width 22 mm at setiger 25; length through setigcr 10, 55 mm. Body cylindrical anteriorly, becoming dorsoventrally flattened by setiger 200, but retaining about same width through setiger 400, tapering from setiger 400 setiger to -10 mm in width at incomplete posterior end. Prostomium very short, distinctly narrower than peristomium, withdrawn inside nuchal fold, less than x /i as deep as peristomium. Prostomial lobes frontally rounded, dorsally inflated; median sulcus shallow. Eyes not observed. Antennae arranged in a horseshoe, evenly spaced, similar in thickness. Ceratophores ring-shaped in all antennae, without articulations. Ceratostyles thick, digitiform, tapering slightly, without articulations. Antennae to middle of peristomium; right A-II longest, to middle of posterior peristomial ring. Peristomium massive, cylindrical, about twice as wide as prostomium. Separation between rings distinct dorsally and ventrally; anterior ring 4 /5 of total peristomial length. Peristomial cirri to middle of first peristomial ring, thick, slightly inflated basally, without articulations. Jaws not examined. Branchiae (Figure 13c,d) present, pectinate, distinctly longer than notopodial cirri, not reduced in mid-body region, erect. Branchiae from setiger 6 to end of fragment. All branchiae pectinate; maximum -30 filaments in setigers 30-100. Stems thick, erect, tapering, longer than notopodial cirri through setiger 250. Filaments slender, filiform, shorter than notopodial cirri. Anterior neuropodial acicular lobes truncate to rounded, becoming triangular or slightly conical in far posterior setigers; aciculae emerging at midline. Presetal lobes low, transverse folds. Postsetal lobes forming a collar around acicular lobes, about as high as acicular lobes in anterior and median setigers, projecting beyond acicular lobes in posterior setigers. Anterior ventral cirri thick, tapering from wide, triangular bases, not obviously inflated through setiger 250. Ventral cirri basally inflated in posterior half of fragment. Median and posterior bases first scoop-shaped, becoming triangular welts in last setigers present, retaining short, tapering tips in all setigers. Anterior notopodial cirri basally inflated, tapering to thick lips, becoming very large and very strongly inflated in posterior setigers (Figure 13c), by far dominant parapodial structures in far posterior setigers. All notopodial cirri without articulations. Limbatc setae longer than other setae, slender, marginally finely frayed. Pectinate setae (Figure 13a) in thick fascicles, slender; shafts flattened. Blades tapering, gently furled. Marginal teeth no longer than other teeth, with -15 teeth. Shafts of compound hooks about as thick as aciculac and subacicular hooks, tapering, marginally smooth; beak indistinct, brasscolored. Appendages not seen. Aciculac paired, with dark brown, rarely black cores and clear sheaths, slender, tapering, distally pointed, usually bent dorsally at tip; cross-section round. Subacicular hooks (Figure 13b) with medium to dark brown cores and clear sheaths, bidentatc. Hooks first present from setigcr 200, thereafter missing in many setigers, always single (except for replacements). Hooks tapering to very slender, indistinct heads. Proximal teeth larger than distal teeth; both directed distally; both teeth indistinct. UNKNOWN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES.—Features associated with far posterior setigers, pygidium, and anal cirri; jaw structure. EXPECTED STATE OF SELECTED UNKNOWN FEATURES.—Mx III and IV forming distal arc; Mx VI missing. CHARACTERS USED IN PREPARATION OF KEY NOT SCORED.—Inappropriate Characters: 56, 60. Unknown Characters: 1, 2, 6, 13, 14, 36-38, 40, 57-59, 69, 70. ASSUMED STATES FOR PURPOSE OF PREPARING KEY.—37,1; 38,1; 57,1; 58,2; 59,2; 69,1; 70,2. REMARKS.—The synonymy of this species was discussed in the introduction. Eunice aphroditois has been widely reported and a number of other named taxa has been synonymized with this species. The specimen described above agrees well with current definitions of the species; however, the description represents a restriction of the concept of this species compared to the definition given by Fauvel (1917:215); the species is listed with similar species in Tables 27 and 28. A series of species lacking articulations in the ceratostyles is listed in Table 28; several of these are known to have simple spine-like, relatively large subacicular hooks only; other species have relatively small, bidentate subacicular hooks. Included among the latter are, in addition to E. aphroditois. E. contingens, E. djiboutiensis, E. guttata, E. investigatoris, E. palauensis, E. polybranchia, E. roussaei, E. suviensis, and E. rullieri. Eunice sebastiani has been reported to have both simple falcate and bidentate subacicular hooks. Characteristic of E. aphroditois and related taxa are the large, medially inflated notopodial cirri; among the species listed above, such cirri are present in E. contingens, E. roussaei, and E. rullieri. Eunice djiboutiensis and E. sebastiani have basally inflated, basally distinctly pendulous, notopodial cirri. Eunice aphrodi-
NUMBER 523 63 .02 1 .1 f, y, h C FIGURE 13.—Eunice aphroditois (MNHN, Paris): a, pectinate seta, parapodium 150; b, subacicular hook, parapodium 260; c, parapodium 400; d, parapodium 150. Eunice arenosa (holotype, RM 426): e, anterior end, lateral view; f, compound falcigcr, parapodium 23; g, subacicular hook, parapodium 23; h, acicula, parapodium 30. (Scale bars in mm.) tois and E. rullieri have short antennae barely outreaching the prostomium and with A-II and A-III similar in length. Eunice contingens and E. roussaei have longer antennae; A-III is distinctly longer than A-II and reaches setiger 4. Eunice aphroditois has slender, tapering subacicular hooks with both teeth directed distally; E. rullieri has relatively larger subacicular hooks with distinct heads and the teeth directed laterally.
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* A Review of the Genus Eunice (Pol
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
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Contents Page Introduction 1 Nomenc
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NUMBER 523 Eunice brevis (Ehlers, 1
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NUMBER 523 vii Eunice longicirris G
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NUMBER 523 ix Eunice stanleyi, new
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A Review of the Genus Eunice (Polyc
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NUMBER 523 (1820) are exemplary as
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NUMBER 523 included, but not specie
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NUMBER 523 subsequent workers. They
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NUMBER 523 illustrations. Seial len
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 523 11 uniformly yellowish g
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 523 13 to the frontal jaws (
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 523 15 be longer than the ot
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 523 17 rounded lobe about as
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 523 19 Both outgroup species
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 523 21 By "near posterior en
Page 35 and 36: NUMBER 523 23 69. dentition of appe
Page 37 and 38: NUMBER 523 25 Eunice djiboutiensis
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 523 27 pauper a Grube, 1878b
Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 523 29 length of antennae in
Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 523 31 peristomium rubra 32(
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 523 33 sulcus shallow tentac
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 523 35 Peristomial cirri dig
Page 49 and 50: NUMBER 523 37 peristomial cirri dig
Page 51 and 52: NUMBER 523 39 Branchiae palmate [Fi
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 523 41 .1 .05 1 5 d b c FIGU
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 523 43 .02 .1 c, d FIGURE 4.
Page 57 and 58: NUMBER 523 45 and 49. In addition t
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 523 47 4. Eunice afra Peters
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 523 49 median antennae simil
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 523 51 afuerensis and E. pel
Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 523 53 reaching beyond anter
Page 67 and 68: NUMBER 523 55 .02 .1 1 b. c d FIGUR
Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 523 57 FIGURE 10.—Eunice a
Page 71 and 72: NUMBER 523 59 TABLE 2.—Variable a
Page 73: NUMBER 523 61 .02 .5 .5 .1 2 e. f,
Page 77 and 78: NUMBER 523 65 midline. Pre- and pos
Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 523 67 Subacicular hooks (Fi
Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 523 69 REMARKS.—Eunice arm
Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 523 71 REMARKS.—Eunice art
Page 85 and 86: NUMBER 523 73 FIGURE 17.—Eunice a
Page 87 and 88: NUMBER 523 75 • 02 , d a FIGURE 1
Page 89 and 90: NUMBER 523 77 Proximal teeth larger
Page 91 and 92: NUMBER 523 79 FIGURE 20.—Eunice b
Page 93 and 94: NUMBER 523 81 been unable to see th
Page 95 and 96: NUMBER 523 83 in 120-150 m depth. T
Page 101 and 102: NUMBER 523 89 FlOURE 24.—Eunice b
Page 103 and 104: NUMBER 523 91 compound falcigcrs (F
Page 105 and 106: NUMBER 523 93 EXPECTED STATE OF UNK
Page 109 and 110: NUMBER 523 97 FIGURE 29.—Eunice c
Page 111 and 112: NUMBER 523 99 TABLE 3.—Variable a
Page 113 and 114: NUMBER 523 101 characters, best exp
Page 115 and 116: NUMBER 523 103 diagnostic." As indi
Page 117 and 118: NUMBER 523 105 FIGURE 31.—Eunice
Page 119 and 120: NUMBER 523 107 very short. Shafts s
Page 121 and 122: NUMBER 523 109 Presetal lobes low,
Page 123 and 124: NUMBER 523 111 which are similar to
Page 125 and 126:
NUMBER 523 113 45. Eunice complanat
Page 127 and 128:
NUMBER 523 FIGURE 35.—Eunice cong
Page 129 and 130:
NUMBER 523 117 REMARKS.—Eunice co
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NUMBER 523 119 50. Eunice curticirr
Page 133 and 134:
NUMBER 523 121 Anterior neuropodial
Page 135 and 136:
NUMBER 523 123 a wide triangular ba
Page 137 and 138:
NUMBER 523 125 FIGURE 39.—Eunice
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NUMBER 523 127 55. Eunice edwardsi
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NUMBER 523 129 reduced, but still v
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NUMBER 523 131 1 2 .5 1 1 a h d h,
Page 145 and 146:
NUMBER 523 133 cirri did not reach
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Page 149 and 150:
NUMBER 523 137 J .02 .1 1 a c, e d
Page 151 and 152:
NUMBER 523 139 .0 2 1 2 1 .1 .5 1 h
Page 153 and 154:
NUMBER 523 141 peristomium. Prostom
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NUMBER 523 143 shorter than filamen
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Page 159 and 160:
NUMBER 523 147 TABLE 5.—Variable
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
NUMBER 523 151 .02 1 1 .1 f. g, h b
Page 165 and 166:
NUMBER 523 153 complete specimen).
Page 167 and 168:
NUMBER 523 155 branchiae is rare in
Page 169 and 170:
NUMBER 523 157 Limbate and pectinat
Page 171 and 172:
NUMBER 523 159 indistinct in both a
Page 173 and 174:
NUMBER 523 161 79. Eunice grubei Gr
Page 175 and 176:
NUMBER 523 163 Prostomium (Figure 5
Page 177 and 178:
NUMBER 523 165 24, present in all s
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
NUMBER 523 169 85. Eunice hawaiensi
Page 183 and 184:
NUMBER 523 171 105 setigers; total
Page 185 and 186:
NUMBER 523 173 dorsally and especia
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
NUMBER 523 177 Filaments slender. N
Page 191 and 192:
NUMBER 523 179 tween Mx III and lef
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
NUMBER 523 183 transverse folds. Al
Page 197 and 198:
NUMBER 523 185 CHARACTERS USED IN P
Page 199 and 200:
NUMBER 523 187 • 02 .5 ] .1 2 .5
Page 201 and 202:
NUMBER 523 189 02 FIGURE 62.—Euni
Page 203 and 204:
NUMBER 523 191 .02 1 .1 e. t, q h.
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
NUMBER 523 195 FlOURE 65.—Eunice
Page 209 and 210:
NUMBER 523 197 Peristomial cirri to
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
NUMBER 523 201 near posterior end,
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
NUMBER 523 207 falcigers agree well
Page 221 and 222:
NUMBER 523 209 cirri, not reduced i
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NUMBER 523 211 Limbate setae margin
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Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
NUMBER 523 217 EXPECTED STATES OF U
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
NUMBER 523 221 articulations in A-1
Page 235 and 236:
NUMBER 523 223 J32 J b, c, d a FIGU
Page 237 and 238:
NUMBER 523 225 1 10 b, d, e, g. h,
Page 239 and 240:
NUMBER 523 227 126. Eunice multicyl
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
NUMBER 523 233 tion between rings d
Page 247 and 248:
NUMBER 523 235 ASSUMED STATES FOR P
Page 249 and 250:
NUMBER 523 237 visible ventrally; a
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
NUMBER 523 241 proximally cylindric
Page 255 and 256:
NUMBER 523 243 digitiform. Anterior
Page 257 and 258:
NUMBER 523 245 Eunice oliga papeete
Page 259 and 260:
NUMBER 523 247 h. i FIGURE 82.—Eu
Page 261 and 262:
NUMBER 523 249 DESCRIPTION.—Body
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
NUMBER 523 253 the type, there is l
Page 267 and 268:
NUMBER 523 255 directed laterally,
Page 269 and 270:
NUMBER 523 257 2 1 .1 b, c, », h d
Page 271 and 272:
NUMBER 523 259 RGURE 86.—Eunice p
Page 273 and 274:
NUMBER 523 261 colored, tridentate
Page 275 and 276:
NUMBER 523 263 papeetensis has expa
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
NUMBER 523 267 These two species ar
Page 281 and 282:
NUMBER 523 269 MATERIAL EXAMINED.
Page 283 and 284:
NUMBER 523 271 evenly spaced, simil
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Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
NUMBER 523 277 Peristomial cirri to
Page 291 and 292:
NUMBER 523 279 18+0, 12+12, and 1+1
Page 293 and 294:
NUMBER 523 281 than peristomium, as
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Page 297 and 298:
NUMBER 523 285 167. Eunice reducta
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NUMBER 523 287 articulations. Grube
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Page 303 and 304:
NUMBER 523 291 antennae, without ar
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Page 307 and 308:
NUMBER 523 295 Jaws not examined. B
Page 309 and 310:
NUMBER 523 297 posiscial lobes low,
Page 311 and 312:
NUMBER 523 299 ASSUMED STATES FOR P
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
NUMBER 523 303 smaller specimens. M
Page 317 and 318:
NUMBER 523 305 thereafter, always s
Page 319 and 320:
NUMBER 523 307 The ceratostyles lac
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Page 323 and 324:
NUMBER 523 311 184. Eunice stigmatu
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NUMBER 523 313 Eunice stigmalura is
Page 327 and 328:
NUMBER 523 31! .1 .5 a, b, c t n h
Page 329 and 330:
NUMBER 523 317 Hartman (1956, as E.
Page 331 and 332:
NUMBER 523 319 REMARKS.—Eunice th
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NUMBER 523 321 without articulation
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
NUMBER 523 325 from setiger 5 throu
Page 339 and 340:
NUMBER 523 327 appendages long, kni
Page 341 and 342:
NUMBER 523 329 superior aciculae li
Page 343 and 344:
NUMBER 523 331 b. c, e, f, g, h. i,
Page 345 and 346:
NUMBER 523 333 paratype consisted o
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
NUMBER 523 337 always single (excep
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Page 353 and 354:
NUMBER 523 341 1 .05 I 1 h a FIGURE
Page 355 and 356:
NUMBER 523 343 3 A of total peristo
Page 357 and 358:
NUMBER 523 345 Characters: 1, 2, 13
Page 359 and 360:
NUMBER 523 347 TABLE 21.—Comparis
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Page 367 and 368:
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Page 371 and 372:
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Page 377 and 378:
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Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Appendix A Character List for Eunic
Page 389 and 390:
NUMBER 523 377 4. digitiform 5. cla
Page 391 and 392:
NUMBER 523 379 5.03 13.U 14,U 15,3
Page 393 and 394:
NUMBER 523 381 16.07 16.08 16.09 17
Page 395 and 396:
NUMBER 523 383 28.01 biformicirrata
Page 397 and 398:
NUMBER 523 385 39.03 39.04 39.05 39
Page 399 and 400:
NUMBER 523 387 50.07 50.08 50.09 51
Page 401 and 402:
NUMBER 523 389 62.01 62.02 62.03 62
Page 403 and 404:
NUMBER 523 391 73.04 73.05 73.06 73
Page 405 and 406:
NUMBER 523 393 84.07 84.08 84.09 85
Page 407 and 408:
NUMBER 523 395 96.01 kerguelensis 9
Page 409 and 410:
NUMBER 523 397 107.04 25,3 26,3 27,
Page 411 and 412:
NUMBER 523 399 118.07 118.08 118.09
Page 413 and 414:
NUMBER 523 401 130.01 mutilata 130.
Page 415 and 416:
NUMBER 523 403 141.03 15.U 16,U 17.
Page 417 and 418:
NUMBER 523 405 152.05 35,5 36,28 37
Page 419 and 420:
NUMBER 523 407 164.07 164.08 164.09
Page 421 and 422:
NUMBER 523 409 176.01 savignyi 176.
Page 423 and 424:
NUMBER 523 411 187.04 24,U 25,4 26.
Page 425 and 426:
NUMBER 523 413 198.07 55,2 56- 58-
Page 427 and 428:
Appendix C Important publications o
Page 429 and 430:
NUMBER 523 417 1919c. Pacific Coast
Page 431 and 432:
NUMBER 523 419 Videnskabers Selskab
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NUMBER 523 421 38:1-74,37 figures.
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