A Review of the Genus Eunice - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
characters. It was the only character among them that could be
characterized whether the jaws were everted or not; it has been
poorly described in the literature, even if most illustrations in
ventral view show the distinction rather clearly. Kinbergonuphis
simoni has character state 2; Marphysa sanguinea has
character state 1.
25. separation between peristomial rings
1. visible dorsally only
2. visible ventrally only
3. visible both dorsally and ventrally
4. present on all sides
5. absent
In at least one case, the peristomium appears to be undivided;
this state may be a juvenile feature. Kinbergonuphis simoni has
a single peristomial ring on which the peristomial cirri arc
attached anteriorly, as do all onuphids; M. sanguinea has
character state 3. The character was run unordered in all runs.
It is possible that it should be run in order from 5 to 1, but not
enough is known about variability and ontogeny to decide this
issue.
26. anterior ring makes up
1. V2 of total peristomial length
2. 2 /3 of total peristomial length
3. 3 A of total peristomial length
4. 4 /5 of total peristomial length
5. 5 /6 of total peristomial length
6. 6 /7 of total peristomial length
7. 7 /8 of total peristomial length
8. 8 /9 of total peristomial length
9. 9 /io of total peristomial length
This feature is undoubtedly subject to variation due to
contractions. Differences between the extremes appear to
reflect valid differences between taxa.
27. peristomial cirri reach
1. middle or anterior end of peristomium
2. middle or front of prostomium
3. beyond prostomium
Scoring the length of the peristomial cirri in this fashion avoids
the use of terms such as "short," "medium," and "long." By
definition, Kinbergonuphis simoni has character state 2 because
it lacks the anterior peristomial ring; M. sanguinea lacks
peristomial cirri, so characters 27 and 28 have not been scored
for this species.
28. peristomial cirri
1. tapering
2. digitiform
3. medially inflated
4. basally inflated
5. ovate
Kinbergonuphis simoni has character state 1; the character was
run unordered.
29. peristomial cirri
1. articulated
2. without articulations
Peristomial cirri are not articulated in any onuphid to my
knowledge.
Branchiae
30. branchiae
1. present
2. absent
Branchiae arc present in both outgroup species; they are absent
in some taxa in both families. They are absent in most other
euniceans; possibly homologous structures termed branchiae
arc present sporadically in other groups.
31. branchiae
1. pectinate
2. palmate
3. single filaments
Single branchial filaments present in immature specimens with
only a few segments appear structurally different from those of
the adults. Some species retain these branchiae; in other species
with single filaments, the juvenile branchiae are lost. In the
latter case the structure of adult branchiae appears to differ from
the juvenile branchiae.
32. branchiae
1. distinctly longer than notopodial cirri
2. about as long as notopodial cirri
3. distinctly shorter than notopodial cirri
The definition of "distinctly" follows the pattern established for
the antennae: one-third longer (or shorter) than the notopodial
cirri in this case. The three character states proposed here
represent a first attempt to measure the relative length of the
two structures. Eventually I expect to have to characterize the
absolute lengths of each structure; without careful study of the
variability in a number of specimens, this first step appears to
show promise. Both outgroup species have character state 1.
33. branchiae
1. reduced in mid-body region
2. not reduced in mid-body region
Both outgroup species have character state 2 as do most species
of Eunice.
34. branchial stems
1. erect
2. flexible
Among species with character state 2 have been included also
species with distinctly twisted, nearly cork-screwed branchiae.
The difference between folded and twisted (or cork-screwed)
shapes may be more due to fixation than to structural
characteristics. There is, however, a clear-cut distinction
between the two character states defined above. Kinbergonuphis
simoni has state 1; Marphysa sanguinea has state 2.
35. branchiae from setiger number
36. to setiger number
37. branchiae
1. present to near posterior end
2. terminating well before posterior end