A Review of the Genus Eunice - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Ms. Susan Williams, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles (AHF); Dr. Welton L. Lee,
California Academy of Sciences (CAS); Ms. Ardis Johnston,
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ);
Dr. Willard Hartman, Peabody Museum, Yale University
(YPM); Dr. Ernest Kirsteuer, Mr. Harold Feinberg, and Mr.
Jerry Thurmond, American Museum of Natural History, New
York (AMNH); Dr. Arthur E. Bogan, Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP); Dr. Vivianne Solis Weiss and
Dr. Maria Elena Caso, University of Mexico; Drs. Paulo da
Cunha Lana, E. Nonato, and A.E. Migotto, Brazil; Ms. Inger
Winsnes and Dr. Kari Andersen, Zoological Museum, University
of Oslo; Dr. Endre Willassen, Zoological Museum, University
of Bergen (ZM Bergen); Dr. Tor StrOmgren, University of
Trondheim, Museet, Trondheim; Mr. Roy OlerOd, Riksmuseet,
Stockholm (RM); Ms. Mary Petersen and Dr. JOrgen Kirkegaard,
Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMC); Dr. Gesa
Hartmann-Schroder, Zoologisches Museum und Institut, Hamburg
(ZMH); Dr. G. Buzhinskaya, Akademia Nauk, Leningrad;
Dr. G. Hartwich, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin (ZMB); Dr.
Jadwiga Ludwig, Wroclaw; Dr. Erich Kritschcr, Zoologisches
Museum, Wien (ZM Wien); Dr. Cl. Vaucher, Museum d'Histoire
Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland. Dr. Jeanne Renaud-
Mornant, Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN,
Paris); Dr. J. David George and Mr. Alex Muir, British Museum
(Natural History) (BM(NH), now the Natural History
Museum, London); Dr. Louis Amoureux, Rennes, France; Dr.
Y. Gillet, Universite Catholique d'Angers, France; Dr. Adriana
Giangrande, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli studi di
Lecce, Italy; Dr. Minoru Imajima, National Science Museum,
Tokyo; Dr. Tomoyuki Miura, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, Japan; Mr. Tony Saville, Canterbury Museum,
Christchurch, New Zealand.
Of these, Dr. Jeanne Renaud-Mornant, Mr. Alex Muir, and
Dr. G. Hartwich were particularly helpful tracking down specimens.
The first two also put up with visits from me.
The study was prompted by a request from Dr. Pat Hutchings
of the Australian Museum for identification of eunicid species
she had been finding on the Great Barrier Reef. This request
lead me to spend some time in Sydney as a visiting curator at
the Australian Museum. I am grateful for the funding provided
through Dr. Des Griffin, Director of the Australian Museum,
for this visit.
Dr. Klaus Rutzler provided funding for the study of variability
of the eunicid species associated with the reefs off Belize
through the I MS WE, SWAMP, and CCRE programs and thus
provided the wherewithal for assessing, if preliminarily, validity
of the many types I have examined.
Dr. Mary E. Rice, Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port,
made it possible for me to undertake extensive investigations of
Kinbergonuphis simoni, used as one of the outgroups in the
cladistic analysis.
Discussions with my colleagues Drs. Meredith L. Jones,
Marian H. Pettibone, W. Duane Hope, Mary E. Rice, and
Frederick M. Bayer clarified several taxonomic and nomenclatural
concepts. Talks with Drs. David E. Russell and J. Kirk
Fitzhugh, at the time both graduate students at George Washington
University, gave me a much needed sounding board for
hare-brained schemes. Discussions with Drs. Richard O'Grady,
Dan Brooks, and Vicki Funk gave me insight into the thought
processes and theory associated with phylogenctic analysis.
Ms. Linda Ward demonstrated great skill and patience in many
ways in putting the study together, not least with proofing all
the long data entry tables and preparing and checking the
citations.
I dedicate this study to Dr. Leonard P. Hirsch partly for his
constant support and encouragement, but mostly for his insistent
prodding on methodological issues.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The types of nearly 200 species of Eunice arc available. The
German collections are especially valuable, both the Berlin and
Hamburg museums have types of many species described by
Grube. Additional types are in the holdings of the museum in
Wroclaw (Breslau) now in Poland, where Grubc lived and
worked for many years. The British Museum (Natural History),
now called the Natural History Museum, and the Musde National
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, have large holdings as docs
the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
and American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Some authors, for example Claparcde and Rioja, never deposited
any types.
I have designated neotypes and lectotypes for a few species.
Neotypes have been designated only for poorly defined, widely
dispersed species such as E. norvegica. Most early authors did
not designate holotypes; if they had more than one specimen
available, these have here been considered syntypes. Only in
cases where confusion could arise as to the identity of a species,
as when the type lot(s) contained two or more species, have
lectotypes and paralectotypes been designated.
MICROSCOPES AND COMPUTER.—I used a Wild M8
stereomicroscope and a Zeiss Universal compound microscope
with interference optics, both equipped with camera lucida. The
paper was prepared on an IBM PS2-80. Word-processing packages
included NotaBene and WordPerfect 4.1 through 5.1.
Tables and calculations were prepared using SYSTAT 4.0,
SuperCalc4 1.0, and PlanPerfect 3.0. For the cladistic analysis
I used PAUP 1.1. DELTA 1.1 (Dallwitz and Paine, 1986) was
used for the preparation of the text and key and for the data
matrix for one of the PAUP runs. The rather idiosyncratic
punctuation used in DELTA natural language descriptions was
modified for publication. Details of the preparation of the key
and the cladistic analysis are given elsewhere.
Several species have been moved to other genera. I give only
brief comments for each of these, including a reference to the
author responsible for the current generic disposition. New
combinations are noted.
Some species for which types arc missing were poorly
described originally and have rarely if ever been found by