A Review of the Genus Eunice - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

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154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY .02 b, c, d. e. h, j, k, I, m f. 9 a, i m FIGURE 50.—Eunice gagzoi (lectotype ZMH V-9755): a, anterior end, lateral view; b, acicula, parapodium 12; c, compound falciger, parapodium 12; d, compound falciger, parapodium 150; e, pectinate seta, parapodium 150; f, parapodium 12, anterior view; g, parapodium 150, anterior view; h, subacicular hook, parapodium 150. Eunice gooctei, new name (holotype of Nicidion kinbergi, USNM 4800): i, anterior end, dorsal view; j, pectinate seta, median parapodium; k, compound falciger, median parapodium; 1, subacicular hook, median parapodium; rn, compound falciger, median parapodium. (Scale bars in mm.)
NUMBER 523 155 branchiae is rare in the genus, and unique to the species listed in Table 37. Eunice gaimardi Quatrefages, 1866 Eunice gaimardi Quatrefages, 1866:321.—Fauchald, 1986:251. REMARKS.—The information available about this species was reviewed by Fauchald (1986). The species is indeterminable without access to the type material. Eunice gallica (Lamarck, 1818) Leodice gallica Lamarck, 1818:322.—Savigny, 1820:50-51. Eunice tail tea — Auduuin and Milne Edwards, 1833:218; 1834:144. REMARKS.—Lamarck gave a brief Latin diagnosis and an even briefer comment in French. The combined information is summarized in the next paragraph. Specimen with 71 segments. Antennae without articulations. Branchiae first present from segment 6 [setiger 4, K. Fauchald comment]. Anterior branchiae single filaments; other branchiae bifid. Branchiae missing on last 18 setigers. Savigny added that the antennae were shorter than in E. antennata and lacked articulations and that branchiae in segments 6-8 were simple filaments, that the branchiae of segment 9 had two filaments, and that branchiae were missing in the last 18 segments of a total of 72 segments. Audouin and Milne Edwards (1834) stated that they had not seen any material, that the species resembles E. harassii, except for the absence of articulations from the ceratostyles, and that the branchiae started on segment 6. They otherwise quoted Savigny's description in toto. No specimens are known and no type locality other than what is implied by the species name is known. The species is here considered indeterminable, in agreement with Hartman (1959). Eunice gigantea auctores REMARKS.—This specific name has been used several times, in a variety of contexts. The specimens to which the different versions of the name were originally applied are no longer in existence, and the name, in all its many guises, is invalid. Part of the discussion has referred to the designation of type species for the genus; this aspect was reviewed above. However, a brief review of the various uses of this name may clarify some of the confusion at the species level. 1. Nereis gigantea Linnaeus, 1758:654. The total description is the following line: Nereis teniaculorum fasciculis triplici online. As a synonym for this species, Linnaeus lists Millepora marina amboinensi and as habitat "Mare Indico." The information in the Linnean description is clearly inadequate to identify the taxon even to family. 2. "Eunice gigantea Cuvier" sensu auctores. According to Savigny (1820:49-50), Cuvier used this name for specimens in the collections in Paris and published in Cuvier (1817:525). Cuvier (1817:525) named the genus Eunice, but no species named gigantea was mentioned. He listed aphroditois, pinnata, norwegica, tubicola, and cuprea as members of his new genus and stated that he "had seen a giant specimen [of Eunice]" from the Indian Ocean. That informal mention may have been the source of the reference by later authors. Lamarck (1818:322) made no reference to a species named gigantea authored by Cuvier. In a later edition, Cuvier (1830:200) included gigantea in a list of synonyms similar to the one issued by Savigny (1820). Cuvier (1830) reviewed material from both the Indian and Atlantic oceans. 3. Leodice gigantea Lamarck, 1818. Lamarck (1818:322) gave a brief Latin diagnosis of the species and a rather extensive description in French. His description is an excerpt of the one published by Savigny two years later and clearly refers to the same specimens. 4. Leodice gigantea.—Savigny, 1820:49-50. Savigny listed Nereis aphroditois Pallas (= Terebella aphroditois, sensu Gmelin) as a possible synonym for his new species (which actually had been published already by Lamarck). The quote reads "Varie*te d'age ou espece tres-voisine." In addition, Savigny quoted the museum collections and gave reference to Cuvier as listed above. The material studied by Savigny was from the Indian Ocean and the fairly detailed description is consistent with Eunice aphroditois (Pallas). Because the latter name is valid (see above), in this sense the name is a junior synonym of E. aphroditois. 5. Quatrefages (1866:311) reserved the name gigantea for material from the Indian Ocean. He gave a new name, Eunice roussaei, to Atlantic specimens, including some he had collected; as a synonym for this species he quoted "Eunice gigantea Cuvier Regne anim. L III, p. 200." This reference is to the second edition of Cuvier's book, issued in 1833, where the species occurs on the page indicated and where Cuvier included specimens from both the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Quatrefages is correct in separating the Atlantic species from the Indian Ocean species; thus he was also correct in giving the Atlantic material a new name. As the original author for the name gigantea, Quatrefages quoted Nereis gigantea Linnaeus with no date. As indicated above, the Linnaean species, as originally described in 1758, is wholly unidentifiable, even to family. In summary, where identifiable, the name gigantea in combination with the generic names Eunice or Leodice used about material from the Indian Ocean refers to the species validly named E. aphroditois (Pallas). The Linnaean name Nereis gigantea cannot be identified even to family. Cuvier did not use the name E. gigantea in the 1817 edition of his "Regne animal"; he used it first in 1833; thus Lamarck (1818) first used the name Leodice gigantea and in his sense the name can be identified as a junior synonym of Pallas' Nereis aphroditois.
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* A Review of the Genus Eunice (Pol
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
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Contents Page Introduction 1 Nomenc
Page 7 and 8:
NUMBER 523 Eunice brevis (Ehlers, 1
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NUMBER 523 vii Eunice longicirris G
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NUMBER 523 ix Eunice stanleyi, new
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A Review of the Genus Eunice (Polyc
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NUMBER 523 (1820) are exemplary as
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NUMBER 523 included, but not specie
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NUMBER 523 subsequent workers. They
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NUMBER 523 illustrations. Seial len
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NUMBER 523 11 uniformly yellowish g
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NUMBER 523 13 to the frontal jaws (
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NUMBER 523 15 be longer than the ot
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NUMBER 523 17 rounded lobe about as
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NUMBER 523 19 Both outgroup species
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NUMBER 523 21 By "near posterior en
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NUMBER 523 23 69. dentition of appe
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NUMBER 523 25 Eunice djiboutiensis
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NUMBER 523 27 pauper a Grube, 1878b
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NUMBER 523 29 length of antennae in
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NUMBER 523 31 peristomium rubra 32(
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NUMBER 523 33 sulcus shallow tentac
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NUMBER 523 35 Peristomial cirri dig
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NUMBER 523 37 peristomial cirri dig
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NUMBER 523 39 Branchiae palmate [Fi
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NUMBER 523 41 .1 .05 1 5 d b c FIGU
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NUMBER 523 43 .02 .1 c, d FIGURE 4.
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NUMBER 523 45 and 49. In addition t
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NUMBER 523 47 4. Eunice afra Peters
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NUMBER 523 49 median antennae simil
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NUMBER 523 51 afuerensis and E. pel
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NUMBER 523 53 reaching beyond anter
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NUMBER 523 55 .02 .1 1 b. c d FIGUR
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NUMBER 523 57 FIGURE 10.—Eunice a
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NUMBER 523 59 TABLE 2.—Variable a
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NUMBER 523 61 .02 .5 .5 .1 2 e. f,
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NUMBER 523 63 .02 1 .1 f, y, h C FI
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NUMBER 523 65 midline. Pre- and pos
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NUMBER 523 67 Subacicular hooks (Fi
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NUMBER 523 69 REMARKS.—Eunice arm
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NUMBER 523 71 REMARKS.—Eunice art
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NUMBER 523 73 FIGURE 17.—Eunice a
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NUMBER 523 75 • 02 , d a FIGURE 1
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NUMBER 523 77 Proximal teeth larger
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NUMBER 523 79 FIGURE 20.—Eunice b
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NUMBER 523 81 been unable to see th
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NUMBER 523 83 in 120-150 m depth. T
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NUMBER 523 89 FlOURE 24.—Eunice b
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NUMBER 523 91 compound falcigcrs (F
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NUMBER 523 93 EXPECTED STATE OF UNK
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NUMBER 523 97 FIGURE 29.—Eunice c
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NUMBER 523 99 TABLE 3.—Variable a
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NUMBER 523 101 characters, best exp
Page 115 and 116: NUMBER 523 103 diagnostic." As indi
Page 117 and 118: NUMBER 523 105 FIGURE 31.—Eunice
Page 119 and 120: NUMBER 523 107 very short. Shafts s
Page 121 and 122: NUMBER 523 109 Presetal lobes low,
Page 123 and 124: NUMBER 523 111 which are similar to
Page 125 and 126: NUMBER 523 113 45. Eunice complanat
Page 127 and 128: NUMBER 523 FIGURE 35.—Eunice cong
Page 129 and 130: NUMBER 523 117 REMARKS.—Eunice co
Page 131 and 132: NUMBER 523 119 50. Eunice curticirr
Page 133 and 134: NUMBER 523 121 Anterior neuropodial
Page 135 and 136: NUMBER 523 123 a wide triangular ba
Page 139 and 140: NUMBER 523 127 55. Eunice edwardsi
Page 141 and 142: NUMBER 523 129 reduced, but still v
Page 143 and 144: NUMBER 523 131 1 2 .5 1 1 a h d h,
Page 145 and 146: NUMBER 523 133 cirri did not reach
Page 149 and 150: NUMBER 523 137 J .02 .1 1 a c, e d
Page 151 and 152: NUMBER 523 139 .0 2 1 2 1 .1 .5 1 h
Page 153 and 154: NUMBER 523 141 peristomium. Prostom
Page 155 and 156: NUMBER 523 143 shorter than filamen
Page 159 and 160: NUMBER 523 147 TABLE 5.—Variable
Page 163 and 164: NUMBER 523 151 .02 1 1 .1 f. g, h b
Page 165: NUMBER 523 153 complete specimen).
Page 169 and 170: NUMBER 523 157 Limbate and pectinat
Page 171 and 172: NUMBER 523 159 indistinct in both a
Page 173 and 174: NUMBER 523 161 79. Eunice grubei Gr
Page 175 and 176: NUMBER 523 163 Prostomium (Figure 5
Page 177 and 178: NUMBER 523 165 24, present in all s
Page 181 and 182: NUMBER 523 169 85. Eunice hawaiensi
Page 183 and 184: NUMBER 523 171 105 setigers; total
Page 185 and 186: NUMBER 523 173 dorsally and especia
Page 189 and 190: NUMBER 523 177 Filaments slender. N
Page 191 and 192: NUMBER 523 179 tween Mx III and lef
Page 195 and 196: NUMBER 523 183 transverse folds. Al
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 523 185 CHARACTERS USED IN P
Page 199 and 200: NUMBER 523 187 • 02 .5 ] .1 2 .5
Page 201 and 202: NUMBER 523 189 02 FIGURE 62.—Euni
Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 523 191 .02 1 .1 e. t, q h.
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 523 195 FlOURE 65.—Eunice
Page 209 and 210: NUMBER 523 197 Peristomial cirri to
Page 213 and 214: NUMBER 523 201 near posterior end,
Page 215 and 216: NUMBER 523 203 TABLE 6.—Variable
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NUMBER 523 205 FIGURE 68.—Eunice
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NUMBER 523 207 falcigers agree well
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NUMBER 523 209 cirri, not reduced i
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NUMBER 523 211 Limbate setae margin
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NUMBER 523 213 TABLE 7.—Variable
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NUMBER 523 217 EXPECTED STATES OF U
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NUMBER 523 221 articulations in A-1
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NUMBER 523 223 J32 J b, c, d a FIGU
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NUMBER 523 225 1 10 b, d, e, g. h,
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NUMBER 523 227 126. Eunice multicyl
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Page 245 and 246:
NUMBER 523 233 tion between rings d
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NUMBER 523 235 ASSUMED STATES FOR P
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NUMBER 523 237 visible ventrally; a
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NUMBER 523 241 proximally cylindric
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NUMBER 523 243 digitiform. Anterior
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NUMBER 523 245 Eunice oliga papeete
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NUMBER 523 247 h. i FIGURE 82.—Eu
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NUMBER 523 249 DESCRIPTION.—Body
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NUMBER 523 253 the type, there is l
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NUMBER 523 255 directed laterally,
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NUMBER 523 257 2 1 .1 b, c, », h d
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NUMBER 523 259 RGURE 86.—Eunice p
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NUMBER 523 261 colored, tridentate
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NUMBER 523 263 papeetensis has expa
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NUMBER 523 267 These two species ar
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NUMBER 523 269 MATERIAL EXAMINED.
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NUMBER 523 271 evenly spaced, simil
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NUMBER 523 277 Peristomial cirri to
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NUMBER 523 279 18+0, 12+12, and 1+1
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NUMBER 523 281 than peristomium, as
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NUMBER 523 285 167. Eunice reducta
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NUMBER 523 287 articulations. Grube
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NUMBER 523 291 antennae, without ar
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NUMBER 523 295 Jaws not examined. B
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NUMBER 523 297 posiscial lobes low,
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NUMBER 523 299 ASSUMED STATES FOR P
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NUMBER 523 303 smaller specimens. M
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NUMBER 523 305 thereafter, always s
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NUMBER 523 307 The ceratostyles lac
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NUMBER 523 311 184. Eunice stigmatu
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NUMBER 523 313 Eunice stigmalura is
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NUMBER 523 31! .1 .5 a, b, c t n h
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NUMBER 523 317 Hartman (1956, as E.
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NUMBER 523 319 REMARKS.—Eunice th
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NUMBER 523 321 without articulation
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NUMBER 523 325 from setiger 5 throu
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NUMBER 523 327 appendages long, kni
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NUMBER 523 329 superior aciculae li
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NUMBER 523 331 b. c, e, f, g, h. i,
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NUMBER 523 333 paratype consisted o
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Page 349 and 350:
NUMBER 523 337 always single (excep
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Page 353 and 354:
NUMBER 523 341 1 .05 I 1 h a FIGURE
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NUMBER 523 343 3 A of total peristo
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NUMBER 523 345 Characters: 1, 2, 13
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NUMBER 523 347 TABLE 21.—Comparis
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Appendix A Character List for Eunic
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NUMBER 523 377 4. digitiform 5. cla
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NUMBER 523 379 5.03 13.U 14,U 15,3
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NUMBER 523 381 16.07 16.08 16.09 17
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NUMBER 523 383 28.01 biformicirrata
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NUMBER 523 385 39.03 39.04 39.05 39
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NUMBER 523 387 50.07 50.08 50.09 51
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NUMBER 523 389 62.01 62.02 62.03 62
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NUMBER 523 391 73.04 73.05 73.06 73
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NUMBER 523 393 84.07 84.08 84.09 85
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NUMBER 523 395 96.01 kerguelensis 9
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NUMBER 523 397 107.04 25,3 26,3 27,
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NUMBER 523 399 118.07 118.08 118.09
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NUMBER 523 401 130.01 mutilata 130.
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NUMBER 523 403 141.03 15.U 16,U 17.
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NUMBER 523 405 152.05 35,5 36,28 37
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NUMBER 523 407 164.07 164.08 164.09
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NUMBER 523 409 176.01 savignyi 176.
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NUMBER 523 411 187.04 24,U 25,4 26.
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NUMBER 523 413 198.07 55,2 56- 58-
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Appendix C Important publications o
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NUMBER 523 417 1919c. Pacific Coast
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NUMBER 523 419 Videnskabers Selskab
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NUMBER 523 421 38:1-74,37 figures.
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REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES
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