The ballad - Index of
The ballad - Index of The ballad - Index of
The Ballad The refrain, moreover, is occasionally elaborated until it becomes part of the stanzaic structure ; thus in the famous ballad of Edward : "Why does your brand sae drap wi' bluid, Edivardy Edward. Why does your brand sae drap ivi' bluid, And why sae sad gang ye, O O I hae killed my hauke sae guid, M-ither^ mither^ I hae killed my hauke sae guidy And I had nae mair but he, O." Eliminating the italicised lines, which are repeated on the same principle in every stanza, we have the common ballad quatrain. Repetitions of other kinds are also frequent in popular verse on the one ; hand, during the process of tradition, there has been evolved a stock of ballad-phrases or " common-places " and nothing is more truly popular in any sense of the word ; and on the other hand there is the structural repetition effective enough, as many poets have found, when used in its simple form to drop the curtain on the drama but especially characteristic of ballads in the more elaborate form to which Professor Gummere has given the name of " incremental repetition." The nursery rhyme of The House that Jack Built is a simple instance of verbal incremental repetition ; but the best ballads employ the process 28 in their
The Ballad structure. In The Cruel Brother* there is a lady, the youngest of three sisters, who is to be married to a knight. The suitor has gained the consent " of the lady's parents and of her sisters, but forgot to speak to her brother John." When the wedding-day was come, *' Her father dear led her down the stair, And her sisters twain they kiss'd her there. Her mother dear led her thro' the close, And her brother " set John her on her horse. She leans down to kiss him, and he stabs her his act being justified, of course, by the fatal neglect of the bridegroom. The lady makes her will in stichomuthia : " * O what will you leave to ' your father dear 'The silver-shod steed that brought me here.' * What will you leave to your mother dear *My velvet pall and my silken gear.' ' ' What will you leave to ' your sister Anne * My silken scarf and my gowden fan.' ' What will you leave to ' your sister Grace ' My bloody clothes to wash and dress.' ' What will you leave to your brother John ' * The gallows-tree to hang him on.' * What will you leave to your brother John's wife " * " The wilderness to end her life.' 1 First Series, 76. (The reference is to my Popular Ballads of the Olden Time, four series.) 29
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<strong>The</strong> Ballad<br />
structure. In <strong>The</strong> Cruel Brother* there is a lady,<br />
the youngest <strong>of</strong> three sisters, who is to be married<br />
to a knight. <strong>The</strong> suitor has gained the consent<br />
"<br />
<strong>of</strong> the lady's parents and <strong>of</strong> her sisters, but forgot<br />
to speak to her brother John." When the<br />
wedding-day was come,<br />
*'<br />
Her father dear led her down the stair,<br />
And her sisters twain they kiss'd her there.<br />
Her mother dear led her thro' the close,<br />
And her brother "<br />
set John her on her horse.<br />
She leans down to kiss him, and he stabs her<br />
his act being justified, <strong>of</strong> course, by the fatal<br />
neglect <strong>of</strong> the bridegroom. <strong>The</strong> lady makes her<br />
will in stichomuthia :<br />
" *<br />
O what will you leave to '<br />
your father dear <br />
'<strong>The</strong> silver-shod steed that brought me here.'<br />
* What will you leave to your mother dear <br />
*My velvet pall and my silken gear.'<br />
'<br />
'<br />
What will you leave to '<br />
your sister Anne <br />
*<br />
My silken scarf and my gowden fan.'<br />
'<br />
What will you leave to '<br />
your sister Grace <br />
'<br />
My bloody clothes to wash and dress.'<br />
'<br />
What will you leave to your brother John '<br />
* <strong>The</strong> gallows-tree to hang him on.'<br />
* What will you leave to your brother John's<br />
wife "<br />
* "<br />
<strong>The</strong> wilderness to end her life.'<br />
1<br />
First Series, 76. (<strong>The</strong> reference is to my Popular Ballads<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Olden Time, four series.)<br />
29