Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>Cultural</strong> <strong>Identity</strong> <strong>Politics</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> (<strong>Post</strong>-)<strong>Transitional</strong> <strong>Societies</strong><br />
“Analysis of a customary repertoire <strong>in</strong> Slovene professional <strong>the</strong>atres dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
post-war years showed that <strong>the</strong> annual programme <strong>in</strong>cluded 25% to 40% of<br />
Slovene plays, 5% to 10% of Yugoslav plays, while slightly more than one half<br />
of <strong>the</strong> programme was composed of foreign plays. By contrast, <strong>the</strong>atre analysis<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1980s and 1990s shows radical changes with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> programm<strong>in</strong>g strategy<br />
and reveals an <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g analogy among <strong>the</strong> political, economic, and cultural<br />
systems. (…) The political shift away from Yugoslavia led to <strong>the</strong> rejection of plays<br />
by authors from o<strong>the</strong>r Yugoslav republics. This shift was especially conspicuous<br />
with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> SNG Drama Ljubljana, when dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> decade lead<strong>in</strong>g up to<br />
Slovenia’s sovereignty, only one play by a Yugoslav author was staged” (Sušec<br />
Michieli, 2008c: 40-41).<br />
In fact, by abandon<strong>in</strong>g Yugoslav drama production <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir programmes artistic directors<br />
of Slovenian professional <strong>the</strong>atres were practis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same “protectionist” politics towards<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r federal republics as was carried out by sales managers <strong>in</strong> Slovenian (and not only<br />
Slovenian) companies and, at <strong>the</strong> political level, by political elites and various national<br />
“associations of writers”. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, it seems plausible “that this radical break with<br />
<strong>the</strong> Yugoslav cultural space occurred only with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutional <strong>the</strong>atrical system, and<br />
not also with<strong>in</strong> alternative, <strong>in</strong>dependent <strong>the</strong>atre and popular culture” (Sušec Michieli,<br />
2008c: 41).<br />
National <strong>the</strong>atre as a useful object of revisionist <strong>the</strong>atre historiography<br />
It is a notorious fact that all European national <strong>the</strong>atres have specific and unique<br />
histories. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, <strong>the</strong>re are also some obvious similarities among <strong>the</strong>m,<br />
such as a very strong emphasis on perform<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> national languages, stag<strong>in</strong>g traditional<br />
repertoire and plays by national dramatists, support<strong>in</strong>g ra<strong>the</strong>r than oppos<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> rul<strong>in</strong>g<br />
ideology (or ideology of <strong>the</strong> rul<strong>in</strong>g class), substantial f<strong>in</strong>ancial revenues from public<br />
budgets, and respectable build<strong>in</strong>gs represent<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> economic and political power of <strong>the</strong><br />
national bourgeoisie.<br />
All <strong>the</strong>se elements can be traced <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> history of Slovenian national <strong>the</strong>atre from<br />
its early manifestations <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 19th century up to recent developments <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early<br />
21st century. Nowadays <strong>the</strong> defence and build<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong> nation are no longer its ma<strong>in</strong><br />
functions, although <strong>the</strong> national <strong>the</strong>atre is still an important eng<strong>in</strong>e for construct<strong>in</strong>g<br />
national and cultural identities. This operation is often highly problematic <strong>in</strong> terms<br />
of support<strong>in</strong>g political fantasies through one-sided selection of historical facts. For<br />
<strong>in</strong>stance, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> period 1892-1914 “as much as half <strong>the</strong> entire act<strong>in</strong>g company <strong>in</strong><br />
Ljubljana was composed of Czech, Croatian, and Serbian actors, although <strong>in</strong> studies it<br />
is normally only <strong>the</strong> Slovenians that are dealt with and not <strong>the</strong> ‘foreigners’” (Pušić, 2004:<br />
73). The neglect of non-Slovenian actors <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> ensemble of <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> national <strong>the</strong>atre <strong>in</strong><br />
Ljubljana is fur<strong>the</strong>r expla<strong>in</strong>ed by an observation that “for historians, <strong>the</strong> borders of <strong>the</strong><br />
national <strong>the</strong>atre co<strong>in</strong>cided with <strong>the</strong> borders of <strong>the</strong> ethnic Slovenian lands ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
state borders, with ano<strong>the</strong>r equally important factor be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> language of performance.<br />
54