Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
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<strong>Cultural</strong> <strong>Identity</strong> <strong>Politics</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> (<strong>Post</strong>-)<strong>Transitional</strong> <strong>Societies</strong><br />
starts with <strong>the</strong> 19th century memory of Ilija Garašan<strong>in</strong>’s National Programme, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong><br />
memory of Gavrilo Pr<strong>in</strong>cip (whose memory was kept as a freedom fighter <strong>in</strong> socialist<br />
Yugoslavia), <strong>the</strong>n focus<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> role of <strong>the</strong> Academy of Science dur<strong>in</strong>g Tito’s time (it<br />
lost credibility when it gave Tito an academic title without proper vot<strong>in</strong>g) and especially<br />
after his death, when <strong>the</strong> academy was obsessed with research regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> status of<br />
Serbs <strong>in</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r republics of Yugoslavia.<br />
Hundreds of “monuments” were created by Mrđan Bajić for <strong>the</strong> YugoMuseum. The<br />
Rambouillet castle, as a symbol of <strong>the</strong> absolute <strong>in</strong>capacity to negotiate on Kosovo and<br />
<strong>the</strong> lack of foresight as to <strong>the</strong> consequences of broken talks; Flower, as a symbol of <strong>the</strong><br />
kitsch personality of Milošević’s wife – Mirjana Marković; La<strong>the</strong>, <strong>the</strong> monument to <strong>the</strong><br />
work<strong>in</strong>g class (a mach<strong>in</strong>e which Tito knew how to use), and Poljud mean<strong>in</strong>g solidarity,<br />
friendship, bro<strong>the</strong>rhood and unity. All <strong>the</strong>se monuments showed how quickly society<br />
had passed from “<strong>the</strong> rule of <strong>the</strong> work<strong>in</strong>g class”, to “<strong>the</strong> rule of <strong>the</strong> nation”! But, this<br />
project can also have <strong>the</strong> title of ano<strong>the</strong>r Mrđan Bajić art project: I did it! where <strong>the</strong><br />
artist took responsibility for all that was happen<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> territory of former Yugoslavia<br />
– war crimes, refugees, burned houses, ethnic cleans<strong>in</strong>g and so forth.<br />
The Centre for Contemporary Arts <strong>in</strong> Sarajevo developed a project called “De/<br />
construction of Monument” (2004-2006) 11 with <strong>the</strong> aim to create art works which<br />
contribute towards <strong>the</strong> deconstruction of myths and <strong>the</strong> de-ideologiz<strong>in</strong>g and decod<strong>in</strong>g<br />
of recent and distant history.<br />
The ma<strong>in</strong> tools <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> project were monuments, symbols and icons, as <strong>the</strong> three<br />
major forms of representation of different societies and historical periods. By<br />
organiz<strong>in</strong>g several debates on crucial issues, such as monuments and memory, and<br />
monuments and violence, <strong>the</strong>y regrouped artists and curators who for a long time<br />
had dealt with <strong>the</strong> “monumentalization” of public spaces, such as Braco Dimitrijević<br />
(Anti-Monuments, monuments of unknown passers-by), or Sanja Iveković (Lady Rosa<br />
of Luxembourg, provok<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Luxembourg community with her <strong>in</strong>terpretation of <strong>the</strong><br />
First World War memorial). But <strong>the</strong> crucial debate was around artists who are rais<strong>in</strong>g<br />
contemporary Balkan issues and confront<strong>in</strong>g major monument narratives, such as<br />
Milica Tomić (<strong>the</strong> Belgrade group Spomenik/Monument), S<strong>in</strong>iša Labrović (Croatia),<br />
Sokol Beqiri (Peja, Kosovo), and those who are mak<strong>in</strong>g sarcastic comments on our<br />
contemporary memory and monument practices, such as <strong>the</strong> “Bruce Lee Monument<br />
Project” <strong>in</strong> Mostar, or <strong>the</strong> Kurt and Plasto project “By <strong>the</strong> Commssion’s decision:<br />
Everyone to one’s own”, Sarajevo 2001.<br />
Group Spomenik (Monument) <strong>in</strong>cludes Milica Tomić, Dar<strong>in</strong>ka Pop-Mitić, Nebojša<br />
Milekić, but also <strong>the</strong>oreticians such as Jasm<strong>in</strong>a Husanović and Branimir Stojanović.<br />
Each participant of <strong>the</strong> group <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>dividual artistic or <strong>the</strong>oretical work is engaged<br />
11<br />
http://www.projekt-relations.de/en/explore/deconstruction/module/overcom<strong>in</strong>g.php<br />
accessed 10 May 2010.<br />
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