Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
Cultural Identity Politics in the (Post-)Transitional Societies
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<strong>Cultural</strong> <strong>Identity</strong> <strong>Politics</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> (<strong>Post</strong>-)<strong>Transitional</strong> <strong>Societies</strong><br />
occurr<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> 1990s, while <strong>the</strong> problem of f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g films, although still present, has<br />
been reduced through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction of <strong>the</strong> Croatian Audiovisual Centre. 13<br />
It is also important to research what k<strong>in</strong>d of market structure we are deal<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>in</strong><br />
relation to <strong>the</strong> global and local levels. Not only is <strong>the</strong> ownership of <strong>in</strong>frastructure relevant,<br />
but ownership of content that is distributed through <strong>the</strong>se channels is also important.<br />
When tak<strong>in</strong>g a look at <strong>the</strong> present situation <strong>in</strong> Croatia, it has to be stressed that <strong>the</strong> new<br />
channels of commercial television have brought about <strong>the</strong> streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of domestic<br />
production, but primarily through soap opera enterta<strong>in</strong>ment shows and, to a narrow extent,<br />
drama series. This has opened up opportunities for local production and is develop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong> several ways: partly as orig<strong>in</strong>al domestic production, while on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand we can<br />
see <strong>the</strong> hybridization of cultural products com<strong>in</strong>g from global trends, for example <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
“direct translation” of available (enterta<strong>in</strong>ment) shows and <strong>the</strong> creation of hybrid formats.<br />
Global <strong>in</strong>fluences are evident ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> formats of enterta<strong>in</strong>ment shows, such as<br />
reality shows, and different licensed shows with enterta<strong>in</strong>ment formats. Through global<br />
cultural flows a lot of cultural objects/th<strong>in</strong>gs have arrived <strong>in</strong> Croatia, some of which have<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r stayed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir orig<strong>in</strong>al forms or are domesticated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir localized and hybridized<br />
formats. 14 The question of quality of <strong>the</strong> content of <strong>the</strong>se shows has to be raised especially<br />
as <strong>the</strong>y dom<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>the</strong> media space. This is especially important <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> context of <strong>the</strong> public<br />
broadcast<strong>in</strong>g service as it is try<strong>in</strong>g to compete with commercial channels us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same<br />
model of enterta<strong>in</strong>ment and reality shows with its relevant discourse. In this context <strong>the</strong><br />
question of <strong>the</strong> commercialization of public television and <strong>the</strong> potential homogenization<br />
of media space has to be stressed. In conditions where public television is produc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>se<br />
enterta<strong>in</strong>ment programmes <strong>in</strong> order to compete with commercial television, one has to<br />
ask what its social role is. In addition, what is problematic is <strong>the</strong> fact that “translated”<br />
and localized formats of television programmes are classified as domestic programmes, 15<br />
13<br />
The Croatian Audiovisual Centre was established <strong>in</strong> 2007 <strong>in</strong> accordance with <strong>the</strong> Law on<br />
Audiovisual Activities (67/07).<br />
14<br />
From localized formats we can highlight shows based on <strong>the</strong> Freemantle Media licences:<br />
brands of enterta<strong>in</strong>ment and reality shows – Hrvatska traži zvijezdu (RTL) (Idol), X Factor,<br />
Supertalent (NOVATV) (Got Talent), Ljubav je na selu (RTL) (The Farmer Wants a Wife),<br />
Odred za čistoću (RTL) (How Clean is your House), and games such as – Pazi zid! (NOVATV)<br />
(Hole <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wall). In addition, <strong>the</strong>re are licensed shows from <strong>the</strong> Endemol corporation such<br />
as Uzmi ili ostavi, (Deal or No Deal), Jedan protiv sto (1vs100), Operacija trijumf (Operation<br />
Triumph), Fear Factor, (RTL) Big Bro<strong>the</strong>r, and shows based on BBC licences such as Ples sa<br />
zvijezdama (Strictly Come Danc<strong>in</strong>g), Zvijezde pjevaju (Just <strong>the</strong> Two of Us), and Trenutak ist<strong>in</strong>e<br />
(Weakest L<strong>in</strong>k), that are created <strong>in</strong> HRT production (Croatian Radio Television – public<br />
broadcast<strong>in</strong>g service) and on <strong>the</strong> Channel 4 licence, for <strong>in</strong>stance Jezikova juha (Ramsay’s<br />
Kitchen Nightmares), etc.<br />
15<br />
“Najbolje emisije iz domaćeg i stranog programa u sezoni 2008/2009”, accessed: http://<br />
www.rtl.hr/najbolje-emisije-clanak-139 (23 February 2010).<br />
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