11,000 years of glacier change, Palisade Glacier, Sierra Nevada
11,000 years of glacier change, Palisade Glacier, Sierra Nevada 11,000 years of glacier change, Palisade Glacier, Sierra Nevada
11,000 years of glacier change, Palisade Glacier, Sierra Nevada Nicole D. Bowerman North Cascades National Park Doug Clark Western Washington University
- Page 2 and 3: Location Bishop
- Page 4 and 5: Previous Work • Little Ice Age:
- Page 6 and 7: Moraines = Matthes Moraines (LIA) =
- Page 9 and 10: Age Model (Calibrated) First Lake D
- Page 11 and 12: South Fork Big Pine drainage Norman
- Page 13 and 14: Matthes Climate Shift Minimum Maxim
- Page 15 and 16: Summary (continued) • Matthes ΔE
<strong>11</strong>,<strong>000</strong> <strong>years</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>glacier</strong><br />
<strong>change</strong>, <strong>Palisade</strong> <strong>Glacier</strong>,<br />
<strong>Sierra</strong> <strong>Nevada</strong><br />
Nicole D. Bowerman<br />
North Cascades National Park<br />
Doug Clark<br />
Western Washington University
Location<br />
Bishop
Study Area
Previous Work<br />
• Little Ice Age:<br />
• Matthes<br />
~700-100 yr B.P.<br />
Konrad and Clark, 1998<br />
• Onset <strong>of</strong> Neoglaciation<br />
~3300 cal yr B.P.<br />
Konrad and Clark, 1998<br />
• Late Glacial:<br />
• Recess Peak<br />
~14,200<br />
- 13,100 cal yr B.P.<br />
Clark and Gillespie, 1997<br />
M.M. Clark<br />
Mt. Brewer view to south
The<br />
N<br />
<strong>Palisade</strong>s<br />
First Lake<br />
<strong>Glacier</strong><br />
outwash<br />
path<br />
Second Lake<br />
<strong>Palisade</strong><br />
<strong>Glacier</strong><br />
Third Lake<br />
North Fork Big Pine,<br />
Sept. 1974
Moraines<br />
= Matthes<br />
Moraines (LIA)<br />
= Recess Peak<br />
Moraines<br />
(Late Glacial)
Lake Coring<br />
• Summer 2003:<br />
Bathymetry<br />
• Spring 2004:<br />
Reasoner corer (3”<br />
diam.)<br />
• Summer 2004:<br />
Livingston piston<br />
corer (2” diam.)<br />
• Summer 2005:<br />
Glew corer<br />
T. Baggerman W.Woolfenden
Age Model<br />
(Calibrated)<br />
First Lake<br />
Depth (cm)<br />
0<br />
50<br />
100<br />
150<br />
200<br />
250<br />
300<br />
350<br />
400<br />
450<br />
500<br />
Age (cal yr BP)<br />
0 2<strong>000</strong> 4<strong>000</strong> 6<strong>000</strong> 8<strong>000</strong> 1<strong>000</strong>0 12<strong>000</strong><br />
MS<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
-2<br />
150-200<br />
700<br />
Ages at peaks<br />
2200<br />
1600 2800 3200<br />
0 2<strong>000</strong> 4<strong>000</strong> 6<strong>000</strong> 8<strong>000</strong> 1<strong>000</strong>0 12<strong>000</strong><br />
Age (cal yr B.P.)
North Fork<br />
Big Pine drainage<br />
<strong>Palisade</strong> <strong>Glacier</strong><br />
Modern ELA = 3896 m<br />
Matthes ELA = 3804 m<br />
Recess Peak ELA = 3559 m<br />
ΔELA<br />
Modern-Matthes = 90 m<br />
Modern-Recess Peak = 340
South Fork<br />
Big Pine drainage<br />
Norman Clyde<br />
<strong>Glacier</strong><br />
Modern ELA = 3740 m<br />
Matthes ELA = 3590 m<br />
Recess Peak ELA = 3500 m<br />
ΔELA<br />
Modern-Matthes = 150 m<br />
Modern-Recess Peak = 290 m<br />
Middle <strong>Palisade</strong><br />
<strong>Glacier</strong><br />
Modern ELA = 3840 m<br />
Matthes ELA = 3730 m<br />
Recess Peak ELA = 3630 m<br />
ΔELA<br />
Modern-Matthes = <strong>11</strong>0 m<br />
Modern-Recess Peak = 210 m
Avg Summer temp (deg C)<br />
Mean Summer Temperature<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
y = -0.0082x + 33.278<br />
R 2 = 0.966<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
-5<br />
-10<br />
-500 0 500 1<strong>000</strong> 1500 2<strong>000</strong> 2500 3<strong>000</strong> 3500 4<strong>000</strong> 4500 5<strong>000</strong> 5500<br />
Elevation (m)<br />
Lapse<br />
rates<br />
Maximum Winter<br />
Precipitation<br />
Modern<br />
Matthes<br />
Recess Peak<br />
Winter precipitation (cm)<br />
200<br />
180<br />
160<br />
140<br />
y = 3.2252e 0.<strong>000</strong>9x<br />
120<br />
R 2 100<br />
= 0.9899<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
1<strong>000</strong> 2<strong>000</strong> 3<strong>000</strong> 4<strong>000</strong><br />
Elevation (m)
Matthes Climate Shift<br />
Minimum<br />
Maximum<br />
-0.2 °C<br />
+3 cm<br />
-2.0 °C<br />
+26 cm<br />
(After Leonard, 1989)
Summary<br />
• Rock flour record sensitive to <strong>glacier</strong> <strong>change</strong><br />
• Onset <strong>of</strong> Neoglaciation: ~3200 cal yrs B.P.<br />
• Followed by <strong>glacier</strong> maxima at:<br />
• ~2200 cal yrs B.P.<br />
• ~1600 cal yrs B.P.<br />
• ~700 cal yrs B.P.<br />
• ~170-250 cal yrs B.P. (Neoglacial Max.)<br />
• No <strong>glacier</strong>s: ~<strong>11</strong>,200 - ~3200 cal yrs B.P.
Summary (continued)<br />
• Matthes ΔELA = 90-150 m<br />
Recess Peak ΔELA = 210-340 m<br />
• LIA: 0.2-2.0<br />
2.0 °C C cooler (summer) and 2-262<br />
26 cm<br />
wetter than modern conditions<br />
• Late-glacial: 1.7-2.7<br />
°C C cooler (summer) and 22-<br />
34 cm wetter than modern conditions
Any<br />
questions