Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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Section 9: CALPUFF The following procedure is recommended to determine the terrain inputs for the CALPUFF CTSG algorithm from a topographic map. a. Identify the sub-grid terrain features to be modeled. Such features will generally be small enough that they could be contained within one grid-square. This does not mean that they cannot straddle two or more squares. The features should be prominent, and possibly lie near source regions so that the additional computations required by CTSG are warranted in resolving important pollutant impact areas. b. Decide on the orientation of the feature. The orientation of the feature is generally evident if the feature is longer in one direction than another. If there is no dominant direction to the feature, model it as a symmetric feature, and choose an orientation of north. c. Obtain height-profiles along each axis of the feature. Choose an approximate center for the feature and draw axes through it (one axis should lie along the direction of orientation). Along each axis, measure the distance between approximate intersections of the axis with marked contours. The distances so measured should extend from the contour furthest to the south to the same contour furthest to the north (for a north-south axis). Divide each of these distances by two, and tabulate the results. d. Identify the maximum elevation of the feature. Take the peak elevation directly from the map. e. Identify the elevation at the base of the feature. Generally, the base of the feature will be that point at which the feature becomes indistinguishable from terrain variations around it. f. Convert all elevations that were tabulated to heights above the base of the feature. g. Use optimizer program (OPTHILL) to obtain shape parameters. The "relief" parameter is just the peak elevation less the base elevation. The "axmax" value for each axis should be representative of the maximum extent of the feature along each axis at the elevation of the base of the feature. With these two variables fixed for each axis, the heightprofile data from step c. can be put through OPTHILL to obtain "expo" and "scale" for each axis. 9-324
Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-64 summarizes the OPTHILL input and output filenames. OPTHILL requires a single input file (OPTHILL.INP) which contains the user's inputs describing the terrain profile, each height, and maximum axis length. The computed values of EXPO and SCALE for one axis of the hill are listed in the output list file (OPTHILL.LST). The format and contents of the OPTHILL control file are explained in Table 9-65. 9.16.2 Example OPTHILL Application The OPTHILL program is an optimization that takes a value of "relief" and "axmax," and a sequence of pairs of (x,ht) values along an axis, and returns a value of "expo" and "scale" that prescribes the profile function that best matches the (x,ht) pairs. Its use is illustrated by the following example. Figure 9-2 shows the terrain surrounding the site of EPA's "Full-Scale Plume Study" (FSPS) that was performed in the Truckee River Valley near Reno, NV (Strimaitis et al., 1985), as part of the Complex Terrain Model Development Program. Nocturnal flow in this valley is frequently channeled by the high terrain to the north and south of the Tracy power plant. Elevations typical of nocturnal plume heights (4600-4800 ft. MSL) are emphasized on the figure. Given the predominant flow to the east during stable conditions, there is potential for plume impact on the feature just northeast of the plant. This feature, marked by axes in Figure 9-2, was named "Beacon Hill" during the study. Following the procedures outlined above, axes were drawn over the feature and distances between fixed contour elevations were tabulated. After subtracting the elevation above sea level of the base of the feature (the floor of the river valley), these data were entered into two files. Table 9-66 displays the contents of both files. The files (axis1.inp and axis2.inp) contain "relief" and the value for "axmax" for each axis of the hill, followed by five pairs of (x,ht) values. The first record of each file is reserved for comments to identify the data. Values for "relief" and "axmax" are free-format, and should be entered anywhere in the open space provided on the next two lines. Pairs of (x,ht) should be entered right after the next comment record. OPTHILL must be invoked separately for each of the two axes of the hill. This is accomplished by renaming one input file (e.g., axis1.inp) to the OPTHILL input control file name (OPTHILL.INP), executing the program, renaming the output file (OPTHILL.LST) to a new name (e.g., axis1.lst), and then repeating these steps for the second axis of the hill. The output files produced by OPTHILL for the current example are presented in Table 9-67 and 9-68. The output file lists the final values of the profile parameters, and it also lists the profile data provided by the user along with the corresponding data computed from the profile parameters. 9-325
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CALPUFF Modeling System Version 6 U
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Section 1: Introduction 7.5 CALWRF
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Section 1: Introduction Meteorologi
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Section 1: Introduction OPTHILL uti
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Section 1: Introduction From CALPUF
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Section 1: Introduction Observation
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9. CALPUFF The C
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Section 9: CALPUFF The control file
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-1: Input
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Section 9: CALPUFF 17a,b Non-gridde
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Section 9: CALPUFF d The filenames
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.2 Meteorologic
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Section 9: CALPUFF if(nssta.ge.1)th
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-4: CALME
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-10: PLMM
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-14: SURF
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.3 Point Source
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-17: PTEM
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.4 Buoyant Area
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Section 9: CALPUFF The model checks
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.11 Site-Specif
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-43: HILL
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Section 9: CALPUFF where the follow
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.14 Mass Flux B
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