Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Section 9: CALPUFF 9.2.3 PLMMET.DAT In addition to the capability to use three-dimensional wind fields generated by CALMET, a single-station meteorological file can also be used by CALPUFF as its source of meteorological data. One form of single station data accepted by CALPUFF is the AUSPLUME (Lorimer, 1976) type of data file. The standard AUSPLUME data file can be used without modification, although some CALPUFF options require additional meteorological variables that must be added as part of an extended data record. CALPUFF is normally run with a full three-dimensional wind field and temperature field, as well as twodimensional fields of mixing heights and other meteorological variables (see CALMET.DAT in Section 9.2.1). However, in some near-field applications, when spatial variability of the meteorological fields may not be significant (e.g., uniform terrain and land use), the single-station data file may be used. In single station mode, CALPUFF assigns the single value of each variable read from the PLMMET.DAT file to all grid points, resulting in a spatially uniform gridded field. However, the model does not assume the meteorological conditions are steady-state, which allows the important effects of causality to be simulated even with the single-station meteorological data. For example, the time required for plume material to reach a receptor is accounted for in the puff formulation, and curved trajectories and variable dispersion and stability conditions over multiple hours of transport will result even when using the singlestation meteorological data. However, in general, the preferred mode for most applications of CALPUFF is to use the spatially variable fields generated by CALMET. The PLMMET.DAT file includes the basic hourly data required by CALPUFF, including the wind direction, wind speed, temperature, stability class, and mixing height. Note that PLMMET.DAT uses wind direction in the usual meteorological convention (i.e., winds from the west blowing toward the east has a value of 270°), while ISCMET.DAT uses flow vector (i.e., winds from the west toward the east have a vector direction of 90°). The PLMMET.DAT format also contains data for the horizontal component of turbulence ( ). If both components of turbulence are available, they should be entered through the use of the PROFILE.DAT data file (see Section 9.2.4). Also, CALPUFF contains several options for modeling chemical transformation that do not involve the use of a decay constant. The PLMMET.DAT format does not contain micrometeorological variables (the surface friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length), precipitation data, solar radiation, or relative humidity. The Monin- Obukhov length is inferred from the stability class and the surface roughness length using the Golder (1972) relations. The friction velocity can then be estimated from the surface-layer similarity wind profile equation. The remaining variables must be added to the standard file in an exended data record. These fields may remain blank if they are not needed for the CALPUFF options selected. Precipitation is needed for wet deposition modeling, and the solar radiation and humidity data are needed for chemical transformation calculations. Sample PLMMET.DAT files are shown in Tables 9-9(a) and 9-9(b). Part (a) of the table shows the standard AUSPLUME meteorological data record. The extended data record is shown in Part (b) of the 9-146
Section 9: CALPUFF table. A description of the contents of the header record is provided in Table 9-10, and the data records are described in Table 9-11. The header record contains an 80-character title of the data set. Note that other data associated with the PLMMET.DAT are provided in the CALPUFF.INP control file. These data include the anemometer height, surface roughness length, land use type, elevation, and leaf area index of the modeling region. The anemometer height is required in the vertical power law extrapolation of the wind speed. The roughness length is used to estimate the micrometeorological variables, the turbulence-based dispersion coefficients (when selected), and in the calculation of dry deposition velocities. The land use category is used to determine if urban or rural dispersion coefficients are appropriate when the Pasquill-Gifford/McElroy-Pooler dispersion coefficients are used. Also see the variables IURB1 and IURB2 in Input Group 12 of the control file. They define the range of land use categories that are to be considered urban (i.e., if the value of the land use category in the PLMMET.DAT file is between IURB1 and IURB2, inclusive, the modeling domain will be consider urban). Otherwise, it will be considered rural. The leaf area index is only used by the model if dry deposition velocities are being computed. The elevation is used to fill the 2-D terrain elevation array in CALPUFF that is normally filled from the CALMET file. This array is used to determine, through interpolation, the elevation of the gridded receptors generated by the model as an option. Because a single value is available here, all of the gridded receptors will be assigned this elevation. Receptor-specific elevations are assigned to each discrete receptor by the user in the CALPUFF control file (see Input Group 17). 9-147
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Section 9: CALPUFF<br />
9.2.3 PLMMET.DAT<br />
In addition to the capability to use three-dimensional wind fields gener<strong>at</strong>ed by CALMET, a single-st<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
meteorological file can also be used by CALPUFF as its source <strong>of</strong> meteorological d<strong>at</strong>a. One form <strong>of</strong><br />
single st<strong>at</strong>ion d<strong>at</strong>a accepted by CALPUFF is the AUSPLUME (Lorimer, 1976) type <strong>of</strong> d<strong>at</strong>a file. <strong>The</strong><br />
standard AUSPLUME d<strong>at</strong>a file can be used without modific<strong>at</strong>ion, although some CALPUFF options<br />
require additional meteorological variables th<strong>at</strong> must be added as part <strong>of</strong> an extended d<strong>at</strong>a record.<br />
CALPUFF is normally run with a full three-dimensional wind field and temper<strong>at</strong>ure field, as well as twodimensional<br />
fields <strong>of</strong> mixing heights and other meteorological variables (see CALMET.DAT in Section<br />
9.2.1). However, in some near-field applic<strong>at</strong>ions, when sp<strong>at</strong>ial variability <strong>of</strong> the meteorological fields<br />
may not be significant (e.g., uniform terrain and land use), the single-st<strong>at</strong>ion d<strong>at</strong>a file may be used. In<br />
single st<strong>at</strong>ion mode, CALPUFF assigns the single value <strong>of</strong> each variable read from the PLMMET.DAT<br />
file to all grid points, resulting in a sp<strong>at</strong>ially uniform gridded field. However, the model does not assume<br />
the meteorological conditions are steady-st<strong>at</strong>e, which allows the important effects <strong>of</strong> causality to be<br />
simul<strong>at</strong>ed even with the single-st<strong>at</strong>ion meteorological d<strong>at</strong>a. For example, the time required for plume<br />
m<strong>at</strong>erial to reach a receptor is accounted for in the puff formul<strong>at</strong>ion, and curved trajectories and variable<br />
dispersion and stability conditions over multiple hours <strong>of</strong> transport will result even when using the singlest<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
meteorological d<strong>at</strong>a. However, in general, the preferred mode for most applic<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> CALPUFF<br />
is to use the sp<strong>at</strong>ially variable fields gener<strong>at</strong>ed by CALMET.<br />
<strong>The</strong> PLMMET.DAT file includes the basic hourly d<strong>at</strong>a required by CALPUFF, including the wind<br />
direction, wind speed, temper<strong>at</strong>ure, stability class, and mixing height. Note th<strong>at</strong> PLMMET.DAT uses<br />
wind direction in the usual meteorological convention (i.e., winds from the west blowing toward the east<br />
has a value <strong>of</strong> 270°), while ISCMET.DAT uses flow vector (i.e., winds from the west toward the east have<br />
a vector direction <strong>of</strong> 90°). <strong>The</strong> PLMMET.DAT form<strong>at</strong> also contains d<strong>at</strong>a for the horizontal component <strong>of</strong><br />
turbulence ( ). If both components <strong>of</strong> turbulence are available, they should be entered through the use<br />
<strong>of</strong> the PROFILE.DAT d<strong>at</strong>a file (see Section 9.2.4). Also, CALPUFF contains several options for<br />
modeling chemical transform<strong>at</strong>ion th<strong>at</strong> do not involve the use <strong>of</strong> a decay constant.<br />
<strong>The</strong> PLMMET.DAT form<strong>at</strong> does not contain micrometeorological variables (the surface friction velocity<br />
and Monin-Obukhov length), precipit<strong>at</strong>ion d<strong>at</strong>a, solar radi<strong>at</strong>ion, or rel<strong>at</strong>ive humidity. <strong>The</strong> Monin-<br />
Obukhov length is inferred from the stability class and the surface roughness length using the Golder<br />
(1972) rel<strong>at</strong>ions. <strong>The</strong> friction velocity can then be estim<strong>at</strong>ed from the surface-layer similarity wind<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ile equ<strong>at</strong>ion. <strong>The</strong> remaining variables must be added to the standard file in an exended d<strong>at</strong>a record.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se fields may remain blank if they are not needed for the CALPUFF options selected. Precipit<strong>at</strong>ion is<br />
needed for wet deposition modeling, and the solar radi<strong>at</strong>ion and humidity d<strong>at</strong>a are needed for chemical<br />
transform<strong>at</strong>ion calcul<strong>at</strong>ions.<br />
Sample PLMMET.DAT files are shown in <strong>Table</strong>s 9-9(a) and 9-9(b). Part (a) <strong>of</strong> the table shows the<br />
standard AUSPLUME meteorological d<strong>at</strong>a record. <strong>The</strong> extended d<strong>at</strong>a record is shown in Part (b) <strong>of</strong> the<br />
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