Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Section 1: Introduction Table 1-3: Summary of Input Data Required by CALMET Surface Meteorological Data Hourly (or more frequent) observations of: Hourly (or more frequent) precipitation data: - wind speed - precipitation rates - wind direction - precipitation type code - temperature (part of surface data file) - cloud cover - ceiling height - surface pressure - relative humidity Upper Air Data Twice-daily (or more frequent) vertical profiles of: Hourly gridded wind fields (optional) - wind speed - MM4/MM5 output - wind direction - NAM(Eta) output - temperature - WRF output - pressure - RUC output - elevation - RAMS output - CSUMM output Overwater Observations (optional) - air-sea temperature difference - air temperature - relative humidity - overwater mixing height - wind speed - wind direction - overwater temperature gradients above and below mixing height Geophysical Data Gridded fields of: - terrain elevations - land use categories - surface roughness length (optional) - albedo (optional) - Bowen ratio (optional) - soil heat flux constant (optional) - anthropogenic heat flux (optional) - vegetative leaf area index (optional) 1-29
Section 1: Introduction If the upper air wind speed, wind direction, or temperature is missing, CALMET will interpolate to replace the missing data. Actually, the interpolation of wind data is performed with the u and v components, so both the wind speed and direction must be present for either to be used. Because the program does not extrapolate upper air data, the top valid level must be at or above the model domain and the lowest (surface) level of the sounding must be valid. For modeling applications involving overwater transport and dispersion, the CALMET boundary layer model requires observations of the air-sea temperature difference, air temperature, relative humidity and overwater mixing height (optional) at one or more observational sites. The model can accommodate overwater data with arbitrary time resolution (e.g., sub-hourly, hourly, daily, or seasonal values). The location of the overwater stations is allowed to vary in order to allow the use of observations made from ships. CALMET optionally can use only land stations to calculate temperatures over land and only overwater stations to calculate temperatures over water. If this option is used, vertical temperature lapse rate information may be included at the overwater observational sites. If the wet removal algorithm of the CALPUFF model is to be applied, CALMET can be made to produce gridded fields of precipitation rates from precipitation observations. The routinely available NCDC precipitation data in TD-3240 format or a free-formatted, user-prepared file of precipitation rates can be used as input to CALMET. CALMET also requires geophysical data including gridded fields of terrain elevations and land use categories. Gridded fields of other geophysical parameters, if available, may be input to the model. The optional inputs include surface roughness length, albedo, Bowen ratio, a soil heat flux parameter, anthropogenic heat flux, and vegetation leaf area index. These parameters can be input as gridded fields or specified as a function of land use. Default values relating the optional geophysical parameters to land use categories are provided within CALMET. As described in the previous section, CALMET contains an option to read as input gridded wind fields produced by the prognostic wind field models. The CSUMM prognostic wind field model generates a file called PROG.DAT which can be directly input into CALMET, or if using the MM4/MM5, NAM(Eta), WRF, RUC, RAMS or TAPM derived data, a file called 3D.DAT (MM4.DAT is also accepted, but not recommended) is required. One of the options in CALMET is to by-pass the boundary layer model and compute only gridded wind fields (i.e., produce U, V wind components only without the micro-meteorological variables such as friction velocity, Monin-Obukhov length, etc.). Although the CALPUFF and CALGRID models cannot be executed with such a file, there may be some applications in which only the wind components are of interest. For example, a postprocessor (CAL2UAM) can be used to convert the CALMET winds into a format suitable for input into the UAM model. If CALMET is to be run in this mode, an option is provided to allow preprocessed surface and upper air observations to be input. The preprocessed input file, DIAG.DAT, is compatible with the stand-alone version of the diagnostic wind field model developed by Douglas and Kessler (1988). 1-30
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Section 1: Introduction<br />
<strong>Table</strong> 1-3:<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> Input D<strong>at</strong>a Required by CALMET<br />
Surface Meteorological D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
Hourly (or more frequent) observ<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong>: Hourly (or more frequent) precipit<strong>at</strong>ion d<strong>at</strong>a:<br />
- wind speed - precipit<strong>at</strong>ion r<strong>at</strong>es<br />
- wind direction - precipit<strong>at</strong>ion type code<br />
- temper<strong>at</strong>ure (part <strong>of</strong> surface d<strong>at</strong>a file)<br />
- cloud cover<br />
- ceiling height<br />
- surface pressure<br />
- rel<strong>at</strong>ive humidity<br />
Upper Air D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
Twice-daily (or more frequent) vertical pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong>: Hourly gridded wind fields (optional)<br />
- wind speed - MM4/MM5 output<br />
- wind direction - NAM(Eta) output<br />
- temper<strong>at</strong>ure - WRF output<br />
- pressure - RUC output<br />
- elev<strong>at</strong>ion - RAMS output<br />
- CSUMM output<br />
Overw<strong>at</strong>er Observ<strong>at</strong>ions (optional)<br />
- air-sea temper<strong>at</strong>ure difference<br />
- air temper<strong>at</strong>ure<br />
- rel<strong>at</strong>ive humidity<br />
- overw<strong>at</strong>er mixing height<br />
- wind speed<br />
- wind direction<br />
- overw<strong>at</strong>er temper<strong>at</strong>ure gradients above and<br />
below mixing height<br />
Geophysical D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
Gridded fields <strong>of</strong>:<br />
- terrain elev<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
- land use c<strong>at</strong>egories<br />
- surface roughness length (optional)<br />
- albedo (optional)<br />
- Bowen r<strong>at</strong>io (optional)<br />
- soil he<strong>at</strong> flux constant (optional)<br />
- anthropogenic he<strong>at</strong> flux (optional)<br />
- veget<strong>at</strong>ive leaf area index (optional)<br />
1-29
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