Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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Section 1: Introduction 1.4 Major Model Algorithms and Options 1.4.1 CALMET The CALMET meteorological model consists of a diagnostic wind field module and micrometeorological modules for overwater and overland boundary layers. The major features and options of the meteorological model are summarized in Table 1-1. When using large domains, the user has the option to adjust input winds to a Lambert Conformal Projection coordinate system to account for the Earth's curvature. The diagnostic wind field module uses a two-step approach to the computation of the wind fields (Douglas and Kessler, 1988), as illustrated in Figure 1-6. In the first step, an initial-guess wind field is adjusted for kinematic effects of terrain, slope flows, and terrain blocking effects to produce a Step 1 wind field. The second step consists of an objective analysis procedure to introduce observational data into the Step 1 wind field to produce a final wind field. An option is provided to allow gridded prognostic wind fields to be used by CALMET, which may better represent regional flows and certain aspects of sea breeze circulations and slope/valley circulations. Wind fields generated by the CSUMM prognostic wind field model can be input to CALMET as either the initial guess field (pathway A in Figure 1-6) or the Step 1 wind field (pathway B in Figure 1-6). MM4/MM5, NAM(Eta), WRF, RUC, RAMS and TAPM model output fields can be introduced into CALMET in one of three different ways: as a replacement for the initial guess wind field (pathway A in Figure 1-6). as a replacement for the Step 1 field (pathway B); or as "observations" in the objective analysis procedure (pathway C). The techniques used in the CALMET model are briefly described below. The recommended approach is pathway A. Step 1 Wind Field Kinematic Effects of Terrain: The approach of Liu and Yocke (1980) is used to evaluate kinematic terrain effects. The domain-scale winds are used to compute a terrain-forced vertical velocity, subject to an exponential, stability-dependent decay function. The kinematic effects of terrain on the horizontal wind components are evaluated by applying a divergence-minimization scheme to the initial guess wind field. The divergence minimization scheme is applied iteratively until the three-dimensional divergence is less than a threshold value. 1-19
Section 1: Introduction Observations Set Up Initial Guess Field or Compute Terrain Effects Minimize Divergence A Mesoscale Model Output Used as “Initial Guess Field” Step 1 Wind Field or B Mesoscale Model Output Used as “Step 1” Field Observations Perform Objective Analysis Procedure C Mesoscale Model Output Used as “Observations” Smooth Wind Field (Optional) Apply O’Brien Procedure and Minimize Divergence (Optional) Step 2 (Final) Wind Field Figure 1-6: Flow diagram of the diagnostic wind model in CALMET. Winds derived from mesoscale models MM4/MM5, NAM(Eta), WRF, RUC, RAMS, TAPM or CSUMM can be introduced as the initial guess field A, or the Step 1 field B. Mesoscale model wind data (except CSUMM) can also be treated as “observations” C. Path A is recommended. 1-20
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Section 2: Geophysical Data Process
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Section 3: READ62 Upper Air Preproc
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Section 4: PXTRACT Precipitation Da
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Section 5: PMERGE Precipitation Dat
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Section 6: SMERGE Surface Data Mete
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Section 7: Prognostic Meteorologica
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files (e.g.
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files Table
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files descr
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files range
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files recor
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 8.10
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 4 NUS
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files CALME
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 8.1.1
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files ┌
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 8.2 P
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files -----
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 6 0 0
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files 3 1 1
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files IBHR
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Section 8: CALMET Model Files Multi
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9. CALPUFF The C
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Section 9: CALPUFF The control file
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-1: Input
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Section 9: CALPUFF 17a,b Non-gridde
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Section 9: CALPUFF MASSBAL.DAT outp
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Section 9: CALPUFF d The filenames
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Section 9: CALPUFF >0 = File update
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Section 9: CALPUFF 0 = chemical tra
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Section 9: CALPUFF [DIAGNOSTIC FEAT
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Section 9: CALPUFF ! CSPEC = SO2 !
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Section 9: CALPUFF WGS-84 NAS-C NAR
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Section 9: CALPUFF for selected spe
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Section 9: CALPUFF ---------------
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Section 9: CALPUFF --------- ------
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Section 9: CALPUFF Input Group 11 O
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Section 9: CALPUFF (XLAIIN) Default
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Section 9: CALPUFF Minimum mixing h
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Section 9: CALPUFF Near-Surface dep
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Section 9: CALPUFF Sample CALPUFF C
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Section 9: CALPUFF -------- a Data
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Section 9: CALPUFF Number of buoyan
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Section 9: CALPUFF -------- a Data
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Section 9: CALPUFF Number of non-gr
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9-47
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-3 (Conti
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Section 9: CALPUFF IOUTU IOVERS int
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Section 9: CALPUFF MSHEAR integer V
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Section 9: CALPUFF MDISP integer Me
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Section 9: CALPUFF MPDF integer Pro
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Section 9: CALPUFF IMFLX integer Co
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Section 9: CALPUFF IPRTU integer Co
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Section 9: CALPUFF BCKNH3(12) real
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Section 9: CALPUFF CDIV(2) real Div
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Section 9: CALPUFF *MDEPBC integer
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Section 9: CALPUFF BDOWN real Build
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Section 9: CALPUFF source is treate
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Section 9: CALPUFF (i.e., !END!). I
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Section 9: CALPUFF (i.e., !END!). I
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Section 9: CALPUFF terminator (i.e.
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-3 (Concl
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.2 Meteorologic
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Section 9: CALPUFF if(nssta.ge.1)th
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-4: CALME
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-4 (Concl
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Section 9: CALPUFF 4 b 6 ZTEMP real
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9 6 WSTAR real a
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Section 9: CALPUFF 14 6 IRH integer
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Section 9: CALPUFF variable dispers
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-6: Sampl
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Section 9: CALPUFF NCOMM+6 * intege
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-8 (conti
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Section 9: CALPUFF table. A descrip
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-10: PLMM
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.2.4 SURFACE.DA
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-12: Samp
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-13 (cont
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-14: SURF
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-14 (conc
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-15 (cont
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.3 Point Source
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-17: PTEM
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-17 (Cont
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.4 Buoyant Area
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-21: BAEM
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Section 9: CALPUFF . . . . . . . .
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-23 (Conc
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Section 9: CALPUFF NCOMM+8 or 9 IEJ
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-26: LNEM
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Section 9: CALPUFF * "NSE" elements
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.7 Boundary Con
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Section 9: CALPUFF The model checks
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.11 Site-Specif
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-43: HILL
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Section 9: CALPUFF where the follow
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.14 Mass Flux B
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-49: FLUX
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.15 CALPUFF Out
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Section 9: CALPUFF IF(NVL1.GT.0) RE
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Section 9: CALPUFF 1 XRCT real arra
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Section 9: CALPUFF C*16 = Character
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.15.4 Dry Flux
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Section 9: CALPUFF 5 SYKM real Sour
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.15.6 Relative
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Section 9: CALPUFF 16 Length Emitte
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Section 9: CALPUFF Figure 9-1: Prof
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-64 summa
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Section 9: CALPUFF Figure 9-2: Map
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-67: OPTH
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Section 9: CALPUFF This process is
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS 10.1 APP
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS Table 10
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS NFILE S
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS 10.3 POS
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS The name
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS MNITRATE
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS --------
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS Chemical
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS N S PM10
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS selected
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS Species
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