Table of Contents - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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Section 5: PMERGE Precipitation Data Preprocessor 5. PMERGE PRECIPITATION DATA PREPROCESSOR PMERGE reads, processes and reformats the precipitation data files created by the PXTRACT program, and creates either a formatted or an unformatted data file for input into the CALMET meteorological model. The output file (e.g., PRECIP.DAT) contains the precipitation data sorted by hour, as required by CALMET, rather than by station. The program can also read an existing unformatted output file and add stations to it, creating a new output file. PMERGE also resolves "accumulation periods" and flags missing or suspicious data. Accumulation periods are intervals during which only the total amount of precipitation is known. The time history of precipitation within the accumulation period is not available. For example, it may be known that within a six-hour accumulation period, a total of a half inch of precipitation fell, but information on the hourly precipitation rates within the period is unavailable. PMERGE resolves accumulation periods such as this by assuming a constant precipitation rate during the accumulation period. For modeling purposes, this assumption is suitable as long as the accumulation time period is short (e.g., a few hours). However, for longer accumulation periods, the use of precipitation data with poor temporal resolution is not recommended. PMERGE will eliminate and flag as missing any accumulation periods longer than a user-defined maximum length. PMERGE provides an option to "pack" the precipitation data in the unformatted output in order to reduce the size of the file. A "zero packing" method is used to pack the precipitation data. Because many of the precipitation values are zero, strings of zeros are replaced with a coded integer identifying the number of consecutive zeros that are being represented. For example, the following record with data from 20 stations requires 20 unpacked “words”: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.2, 3.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, These data in packed form would be represented in six words: -5., 1.2, 3.5, -6., 0.7, -6. where five zero values are replaced by -5., six zero values are replaced by -6., etc. With many stations and a high frequency of zeros, very high packing ratios can be obtained with this simple method. All of the packing and unpacking operations are performed internally by PMERGE and CALMET, and are transparent to the user. The header records of the data file contain information flagging the file to CALMET as a packed or unpacked file. If the user selects the unpacked format, each precipitation value is assigned one full word. The input files used by PMERGE include a control file (PMERGE.INP), an optional unformatted data file created in a previous run of PMERGE, and up to 150 TD-3240 precipitation station files (e.g., as created by PXTRACT). The output file consists of a list file and a new unformatted or formatted data file in 5-10
Section 5: PMERGE Precipitation Data Preprocessor CALMET format with the data for all stations sorted by hour. Table 5-1 lists the name, type, format, and contents of PMERGE's input and output data files. The PMERGE control file (PMERGE.INP) contains the user-specified input variables indicating the number of stations to be processed, a flag indicating if data are to be added to an existing, unformatted data file, the maximum length of an accumulation period, packing options, station data, and time zone data. PMERGE allows data from different time zones to be merged by time-shifting the data to a userspecified base time zone. The format of the PMERGE control input file follows the same rules as those used in the CALMET.INP file (refer to the CALMET section for details). Only data within the delimiter characters (!) are processed. The input data consist of a leading delimiter followed by the variable name, equals sign, input value or values, and a terminating delimiter (e.g., !XX = 12.5!). PMERGE.INP may be created/edited directly using a conventional editor, or it may be created/edited indirectly by means of the PC-based, Windowscompatible Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed for the geophysical preprocessors (CALPRO). A sample PMERGE control file is shown in Table 5-2, and the input variables are described in Table 5-3. The PMERGE output list file (PMERGE.LST) contains a listing of the control file inputs and options. It also summarizes the number of valid and invalid hours for each station including information on the number of hours with zero or non-zero precipitation rates and the number of accumulation period hours. Additional statistics provide information by station on the frequency and type of missing data in the file (i.e., data flagged as missing in the original data file, data which are part of an excessively long accumulation period, or data missing from the input files before (after) the first (last) valid record. A sample output file is shown in Table 5-4. 5-11
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CALPUFF Modeling System Version 6 U
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Section 1: Introduction 7.5 CALWRF
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9. CALPUFF The C
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Section 9: CALPUFF The control file
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Section 9: CALPUFF Table 9-1: Input
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Section 9: CALPUFF 9.14 Mass Flux B
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Section 10: POSTPROCESSORS 10.1 APP
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