Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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2. MODELING SYSTEM FOR OCS APPLICATIONS: OVERVIEW The new model for OCS applications is an updated version of the CALPUFF (Scire et al., 2000a, 2000b) modeling system. Individual components had been compared with other modeling approaches in OCD (DiCristofaro and Hanna, 1989), AERMOD (Cimorelli et al., 2002), and SCIPUFF (EPRI, 2000) during Task 2. These comparisons included the model formulation equations as well as sensitivity tests performed on individual modules (e.g., boundary layer parameters, turbulence profiles over water, plume spread formulations). In Task 3, changes to several components in CALMET and CALPUFF were formulated (new options provided) on the basis of these comparisons. Enhancements identified in the Task 3 Report were implemented, including ease-of-use features as well as new and modified subroutines in both the CALMET meteorological model and the CALPUFF dispersion model. The performance evaluation of the new version of the model in Task 4 led to the formulation of a turbulence advection mechanism in CALPUFF when it was discovered that advected turbulence is an important feature of the dispersion documented in the Oresund experiments, when releases were made at the coast during off-shore flow. New CALMET features: • An option is provided to use the COARE (Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment) overwater flux model (Fairall et al., 2002) Version 2.6bw, selected by means of the new model input variable ICOARE: o o o o o o 0: OCD-like original flux model 10: COARE with no wave parameterization (Charnock parameter for the open ocean, or “deep water” (default) – can be modified for “shallow water”) 11: COARE with wave option 1 (Oost et al., 2002) and default equilibrium wave properties -11: COARE with wave option 1 (Oost et al., 2002) and observed wave properties (provided in revised SEA.DAT input file) 12: COARE with wave option 2 (Taylor and Yelland, 2001) and default equilibrium wave properties -12: COARE with wave option 2 (Taylor and Yelland, 2001) and observed wave properties (provided in revised SEA.DAT input file) • Convective (rather than mechanical) overwater boundary layer height is computed for L
o 1: Maul (1980)-Carson (1973) o 2: Batchvarova and Gryning (1991,1994) • Surface winds are adjusted from anemometer height to the middle of CALMET Layer 1 (usually 10m) • Consistent similarity profile equations are used throughout system New CALPUFF features: • A building downwash adjustment is introduced for elevated (platform) structures with an open area between the surface and the bulk of the structure. This platform height is provided as the new variable ZPLTFM (default: 0.0) for point sources, and applies to the ICS downwash option. • An option is provided for computing turbulence profiles using the AERMOD subroutines, selected by means of the new model input variable MCTURB: o o 1: Standard CALPUFF subroutines (default) 2: AERMOD subroutines • A diagnostic option is provided to specify the Lagrangian time-scale for lateral plume growth functions, selected by means of the new model input variable MTAULY: o o o o 0: Draxler 617.284 (s) (default) 1: Computed as Horizontal Turbulence Length / (0.75 q) -- after SCIPUFF 10 < Direct user input (s) Only the default setting is recommended at this time. • An option is provided to accept the AERMET version of SURFACE and PROFILE meteorological data files. • An option is provided to include an adjustment for turbulence advection from regions of larger turbulence velocity into regions of smaller turbulence velocity. This adjustment is applied to computed (not measured) turbulence. • The minimum lateral turbulence velocity (σ v ) allowed is partitioned to distinguish values appropriate for over-land cells and over-water cells. BUOY processor: • This new processor creates revised SEA.DAT files for CALMET with wave data for COARE overwater flux options –11 and -12. Final Report Vol.1 5
Page 1 and 2: Development of the Next Generation
Page 3 and 4: 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this
Page 5: • Prognostic Meteorological Model
Page 9 and 10: into 50 tiles (90 RUC grid-points/t
Page 11 and 12: y H ( 1− 34.15z / L) 1/ 3 = (3-9)
Page 13 and 14: During execution, the bulk algorith
Page 15 and 16: Anemometer Height Adjustment for La
Page 17 and 18: T (ºK) g (m/s 2 ) temperature grav
Page 19 and 20: adjusted to account for the effect
Page 21 and 22: Two methods of supplying the timesc
Page 23 and 24: cell is the cell that determines th
Page 25 and 26: June 4 (1130-1230 CET) L. Turbulenc
Page 27 and 28: 4. MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 4.1
Page 29 and 30: The CALMET preprocessors TERREL, CT
Page 31 and 32: All sampler locations are used as r
Page 33 and 34: Table 4-2b Over-water Meteorologica
Page 35 and 36: Meteorological data used in the OCD
Page 37 and 38: . . CARPINTERIA, CA 3814 . UTM Nort
Page 39 and 40: Year Month Day Table 4-4 Over-water
Page 41 and 42: Datum: NAS-C (North American 1927)
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-5 Source Characterization f
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-6a Over-water Meteorologica
Page 47 and 48: Geophysical Processing Gridded land
Page 49 and 50: Table 4-7 Source Characterization f
Page 51 and 52: tape format called GF-3. These data
Page 53 and 54: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
Page 55 and 56: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
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Table 4-10 SEA.DAT Meteorological D
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the numbers refer to ICOARE values,
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that are simulated during the one-h
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4.3 Evaluation Results Cameron, Car
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improve model performance relative
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Figure 4-7. Graphical depiction of
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Table 4-15 Performance Statistics f
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Performance of CALPUFF Configuratio
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Table 4-16 (continued) Performance
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into CALPUFF, and the simulations a
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Table 4-18 Oresund Results with Min
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Table 4-20 Oresund Results with Min
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4.4 Recommendations A minimum σ v
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SEA.DAT and OZONE.DAT files are pro
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36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
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WMO Number WBAN Number Station Iden
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36 72363 72340 34 72249 72248 72235
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36 34 32 41008 30 42035 42007 42040
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36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
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COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
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COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
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Table 5-4. (Concluded) Hourly NWS P
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Table 5-5. Ozone Stations Station I
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Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
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Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
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36 317 339 361 383 405 427 449 471
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- Figure 5-8. “Inputs/Outputs & R
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6. REFERENCES Batchvarova, E. and S
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Maat, N., C. Kraan, and W.A. Oost,
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APPENDIX: COMPILATION OF A HIGH RES
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Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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